Routes of Admin & Medication Rights PDF

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Routes of Admin & Medication Rights...

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ROUTES OF ADMIN  ROUTE

DEFINITION

COMMON MEDS

RATE

Enteral Medications

Enter body through digestive system

Typically in form of pill or liquid

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Sublingual (SL)

Under tongue. Medications enter through the oral mucosa under the tongue and are absorbed into the bloodstream within minutes. Faster than oral route. Protects medications form chemicals in the digestive system, such as acids that can weaken or inactive them.

Nitroglycerin tablets

Rapid

Per Rectum (PR)

By rectum. Most commonly used with children (children often regurgitate some or all the medication). Many nausea, vomiting, and some seizure medications are admin PR.

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Rapid

Oral/ By Mouth (PO)

By mouth. Non-invasive. Absorption process may take as long as 1 hour. Unpredictable medication absorption. If patient has vomiting or diarrhea, amount absorbed will be altered.

Oral Glucose

Slow

Parenteral

Enter body other than the digestive tract. Often in form of liquid Absorbed much more quickly and are more predictable and measurable.

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Intravenous (IV) Injection

Into the vein. Fastest way to deliver chemical substance.

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Immediate

Intraosseous (IO) Injection

Into the bone. Medications reach the  bloodstream through the bone marrow. IO requires drilling a needle into the outer layer of the bone. Painful. IO most used in patients who are unconscious as a result of cardiac arrest or extreme shock.

Immediate

Subcutaneous (SC) Under the skin. SC injection given into Injection fatty tissue between skin and muscle. Because there is less blood here, medications are absorbed more slowly but effects last longer. Can be a useful way to give medications that cannot be taken by mouth.

Insulin Some forms of epinephrine 

Slow

Intramuscular (IM) Into the muscle. Absorbed quickly because Injection muscles have a lot of blood vessels. Can possibly cause damage to muscle tissue, uneven & unreliable absorption, especially in people with decreased perfusion. Most meds come in autoinjector form.

EpiPen auto injector DuoDote auto injector Antidote Treatment- Nerve Agent-Autoinjector (ATNAA)

Moderate

Inhalation ( )

Inhaled into lungs. Absorbed into Albuterol bloodstream quickly or because Oxygen medications work into the lungs. Minimizes the effects in other body tissues. Come in aerosols, fine powders and sprays.

Rapid

Transcutaneous (transdermal)

Through the skin. On occasion, a medication that also comes in another form is admin transcutaneously to achieve longer lasting effect.

Nicotine patches Nitroglycerin patches

Slow

Internasal (IN)

Through the nose. Medication is pushed through a device called a Mucosal Atomizer Device (MAD). Liquid medication is aerosolized and admin into the nostril. Absorption is rather quick.

Narcan Flu Vaccine

Rapid

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ADMINISTERING MEDICATIONS 

SIX-RIGHTS  RIGHT PATIENT

Ensure right patient Ensure medication is prescribed to patient

RIGHT MEDICATION Verify proper medication and prescription (if applicable)

Confirm the medication order & determine that the patient is still a candidate for the medication Make sure patient does not have contraindications for medications Carefully read the label Contact medical control if you have any questions Make sure it is the patient’s medication & that it is not prescribed to anyone else

RIGHT DOSE

Verify form and dose

RIGHT ROUTE

Verify route of medications

RIGHT TIME

Check the expiration date and condition of medication Prescription and OTC medications have an expiration date Examine condition If you found discoloration, cloudiness or particles in the liquid medication, you should not use it Reassess patient after admin

RIGHT DOCUMENT

“The work is not done until the paperwork is done” “If you did not write it down, it did not happen” Once medication is done you must document your actions and the patient’s response Include: the time you gave the medication, the name, dose and route of admin. Did the patient’s condition improve, worsen or no change?

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