RTV 3511 Notes Spring 19 PDF

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Complete notes from every class lecture, including two quizlet links which are beneficial for terms on the exam...

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2019

1/10/19 EXAM 1 QUIZLEThttps://quizlet.com/95400231/rtv-3511-exam-1-studyguide-ucf-flash-cards/ ZETTL TERMS QUIZLET https://quizlet.com/95132627/zettl-terms-flash-cards/

Technological Self-Expression - changed a lot of the way we felt about expressing ourselves ➢ Emulsive Media ➢ Electronic Media ○ Where we used electricity to do a lot of the things we were doing with emulsive Production - a form of self expressions TYPES ➢ Electronic News Gathering - ENG ➢ Electronic Field Production - EFP - everything that’s not ENG ➢ Multi-Camera Studio○ News studio, show ➢ Multi-Camera Field ○ sporting event, concerts, political conventions ➢ Single-Camera Production ○ feature films shot this way ➢ SD/HD Standard Definition and High Definition ➢ 24p ○ video that looks like film. instead of 30 frames a second its 24 frames, makes it look more like film ➢ Digital Pre-Production ○ preliminary way of sketching out the film aka putting ppl in front of green screen w a cheap camera so you have an idea of what it’ll look like before you use an expensive camera doing the real thing ➢ DI- Digital Intermediate ➢ Digital Cinema ○ shooting high end feature films with video cameras. Starts as video stays video all the way through ➢ Digital- SLR CHANGES ➢ Gear

○ smaller, better, cheaper, modern, abundance ➢ Exhibition ○ where you can put your content not just film festivals, internet now allows more exposure EX. youtube, vimeo, personal websites ➢ Accessibility: ○ can access content on your phone. everyone can be a content creator bc not as specialized and restricted field like it used to be. Don’t have to be hired, you can create your own content. Very accessible. ➢ Relative Expertise: ○ the draw back of accessibility. Many people can do it but not many are true experts. Dated Distinctions ➢ Broadcast/consumer quality ○ Those lines between professional and consumer are blurry rn ➢ Film vs. video ○ Used to be that you either work one or the other. But now a lot of films are shot in video so that doesn't really exist anymore. Need to understand the differences and learn both if you wanna work in that industry Film Vs. Digital Film ➢ Emulsion. When you shoot film it’s a physical product/property. A physical item you can hold on your hand. A lot more expensive. chemicals ➢ Photosensitive chemicals Digital ➢ Electronic ➢ Binary code. ○ Can be seen or felt and sent through any internet source. 0’s and 1’s How do we do Production? STAGES: ➢ Pre-production ○ Scouting, getting gear together, getting crew ➢ Acquisition ○ Out there shooting/recording ➢ Post-production ○ Doesn’t apply to multi-cam, it is editing, inserting music, change the colors Production as Communication MEANING: ➢ Primary: ○ everything that comes in front of the apparatus; camera, lights, dolly, crew. EX: wardrobe, props, set design (all in front of the camera) called the mis en scene what is put into the scene

➢ Secondary: ○ Meaning created by the apparatus itself. EX: a certain kind of lighting, camera angles/position, filters, color ➢ Tertiary: ○ Meaning created in post production aka the editing EX: cutting to something, music, sound effects. How Do We Judge Productions - stay away from Good/Bad Production as Communicated Message was it... ➢ Effectiveness: on 2 levels○ 1. production as a communicated message, how effectively does a production communicate its message/meaning. ○ 2. Production as a craft, craftsmanship and conventions of the production, how well is the craftsmanship. Angles etc what does it do to the meaning. EX Low angle shots make the person seem superior. High angles make them seem inferior. High key lighting, low key lighting.

1/15/19 Distinctions ➢ Sound Production ○ Podcasting etc ➢ Video Production - also includes sound. VIDEO generates a signal ○

Multi-Camera (need to be in an electronic medium) - particular to video FILM DOES NOT HAVE MULTI-CAM ■ Set up multiple cameras in a strategic location

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each of these cameras is generating a signal, and all of those signals are going to be sent to a central Hub called a Switcher. Switcher - is a visual decision. Essential and REQUIRED to a multi-

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cam video production because it collects all camera signals and decides what camera is being viewed on TV. The output has one single signal called the Program Signal. The person who works the switcher is a TDTechnical Director Film cannot be a multi camera because they’re not feeding the same signal. FILM CANNOT GENERATE A SIGNAL. When recording film it records its own images. NOT electronic media therefore you cannot do film live Must have different variety of shots for a scene aka master shot, dialogue, long shots, over head, Over the shoulder (OTS) We strategically place talent and cameras to get different shots In video we can shoot with 3 cameras or so interrupted because we can use multicam

○ Live ■ Multi-camera productions were invented for live shows ■ Award shows are multi-cam ■ Sports programs ○ Live-To-Tape - meaning we are going to record an event and record it as if we were doing it live.

■ Multi-Cam production that is recorded, doesn’t have to be live but we want it to feel live

■ Talk show EX: Ellen, Late Shows ■ Game show ○ Multi-Camera Post Production ■ Game show in case a buzzer doesn’t work or a person swears, minimal editing

○ Single-Camera Productions (using one camera for everything) ■ Depends completely on Post Production ■ Movies ■ Doesn’t Matter order of filming because of Post-Production ■ More control in single camera production to control reactions and the shot itself

■ Greys anatomy, house of cards are example. A dolly is frequently used. ■ News stories in the field are an example ○ Commercial Production - done by production companies ■ Commercial Spots ■ Entertainment ●

Award shows, feature films, reality tv shows

■ PSA’s ●

Awareness, non profit, free to air but someone must produce them

■ Sports ●

Production crew company comes in with a production truck and satellite truck, so its commercial

■ Education ●

Designed for the educational setting

■ Promo’s ●

Advertise a product ex. photographer

■ Infomercials ●

Billy mays buy this toaster etc

■ Music/Soundtracks ○ Electronic Journalism ■ ENG - Television & Radio News ○ ENG Production - Journalism Ethics 1. Truthful - should be able to rely on news 2. Fair - representation of facts and to all parties. Don’t get to dictate the story, the story dictates itself. 3. Objective - (actor vs real person) just report the facts. It’s about the story NOT the person reading the story 4. Timely - you should be reporting what is happening currently

○ ENG Production ■ ■

Daily News Show News Magazine Show ● 60 Minutes ● 20/20 ● David Muir

○ News Heritage (where it comes from and what it’s supposed to be) ■ ■ ■ ■

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Its production, but it’s a different kind of production News has a responsibility, to get the message across about current events and gov etc Framework of expectation Fourth estate - they’re not a part of govt but considered so important that they are given the honorary role of being the 4th estate (executive, judicial, legislative) Be a watchdog - the people have a right ot be informed, the press informs the public 1st amendment, guarantees freedom of the press. So important that it is constitutionally protected. News Shows (current stories) News Magazine Show (feature stories, long stories)

○ Documentary Productions ■

Tradition- created earliest

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Thomas Edison- first documentary and motion pictures ○ Documented first execution of an elephant Lumiere Brothers- documentary productions on whatever was happening Nothing but documentaries, around same time as edison was making his films

➢ Arrival of a Train - documentation of a train arriving ➢ Nanook of the North (1922) Robert Flaherty ➢ Man with a Movie Camera (1929) Dziga Vertov ➢ News vs. Documentary - they document people and events but ○ Subject manner ○ Creator’s position (news is objective, fair, truthful when covered. Excludes your opinion where as documentary theres room for you to voice your opinion) ■ Music adds an emotional component and reaction so it cannot be used in news ■ Documentaries can be opinionated (Blackfish) ○ Production length (news are 1 min to 1 min 30, documentaries are 60 min to 120 min) ➢ Corporate/Industrial ○ Meant for a corporate environment, meant to inform and explain within a certain business industry. ○ Making productions for business (not commercials) ■ Promo pieces for tradeshows ○ Purposes: Internal/external ■ Internal (new policy for work in the industry) ■ External (for customers or explaining a product) Artistic Avant Garde (labors of love) ■ People who make productions like this aren’t really interested in profit, they’re artistic productions and a need to express themselves artistically ○ Something to say and want to create something that reflects inner message

1/22/19 Production Crew ➢ Main production crew ➢ second/third unit ○ when you have crews that are small you’re not gonna have second/third unit

○ Pick up shots, b-roll, camera op & assistant operator, ➢ Apprenticeship mentality ○ It’s an expectation that until you have proven yourself in production, people assume you with an apprenticeship mentality. You start at the bottom ➢ Permanent - steady job ○ Formal application process - there is a job posted and you apply ○ Benefits - health insurance, paid vacation ○ Regular paycheck ○ Regular hours (?) - you’ll have regular hours but in the business we work until the production is done. ➢ Transient (free lance) ○ the bulk of jobs are gonna come from here ○ contract worker, you go from job to job. You can make a lot of money in freelance ➢ Where would you find Permanent Jobs? ○ ENG ○ Large production houses ○ tv/radio broadcast stations ○ cable/satellite networks ○ Production boutiques ○ In-house corporate Freelance ➢ Contract employee - you’re there until the contract is done and when its done its done ○ Where would you find Freelance Jobs? ■ Pretty much any production except news ➢ Strategies ○ Networking - an opportunity to cultivate your relationship w others in the business. You can’t afford to burn bridges ○ “Bust your ass” you have to work so hard bc it makes your networking credible. No job is too small ○ Business cards ○ Demo reel- showcase of your work. Should take in mind what you’re trying to get work for when making reel

1/24/19 ProductionHub.com- website to see available jobs

Dated Distinctions Above the Line/Below the Line positions • don’t use a ton, still an established production hierarchy Production Hierarchy Executive Producer- employed and working on multiple films • Not on location • Stay on track, in budget • More administrative role • “Honorary Title” for financial contributor, owning rights, idea… Line Producer • Supervisory over single production • Will go into field and supervise production • In charge of single • Meeting deadlines, coordinating • Reports to Executive Producer • Works so closely with Director. o Authority comes from Line Producer Production Manager • Does the work the producer needs done • Coordinate hiring crew members • Practical things that need to be done Director • Works with Line Producer • Execute creative aspects of film • Interpret creatively Director of Photography • Visualization • Works with director • Responsible for executing director's vision • Lighting* • Cameras* (doesn’t work it, but make sure people are doing jobs right) Cinematographer • Visualizes what happens in a production • Camera Operator Talent • Anyone who’s in front of the camera Technical Director • Switcher Floor Director

• Executes Directors orders on the floor Camera Operators • Can be one on single cam • Can be multiple on multi cam production Gapher • Sets up lights • Follows DP /Directors Orders Grips • Rigs the lights • Does heavy labor work Electrician /Best Boy • Make sure power gets to lights/power on production • very important Film/Video Loaders • Place the actual film on cameras • Organizes films, gets to processing • Digital Cinema- do the same thing Audio/Sound • Field Sound- gathers sound on location o Out, mobile, sound engineer has a big cart • Studio/Post-Production Sound o Has to get mic on everyone o Sound Effects o Music- Multi-cam production o Puts all sound together in post-production Assistant Directors • 1St Assistant Director o Scheduling • 2nd Assistant Director o Call sheet Assistant Camera Operators • 1St Assistant Camera o focus puller o cam builder/breakdowns • 2nd Assistant Camera o Clapper (3, 2, 1 Action clap thing) o Film loader Script Supervisor • Continuity on all shots • Make sure storyline is good • In single cam mostly

Editor • • • •

Lots of creative input Take all raw material and put into creative story Sometimes take input Edits on computer

Entry Level Positions • Utility/PA (production assistant) o Assistant o Pulling cable • Craft Services o Food for crew o Getting coffee for director Non-Technical Positions Set Designer • Makes the sets Casting • Casts talent Wardrobe • Clothes Engineering • Deals with gear Prop Master • Keeps track of all props Accounting • Need an accountant * make sure money is being used properly News Personnel Managers • Run the shot- bosses • Non-Technical o Responsible for shows and times • Talent o Anchors/reporters Field Studio • Single camera production • Producer would never go out on field Photographers/Editors • Photographers edit just as much as they shoot • First line that go out

• Won’t even send reporter first Editors • Don’t go out in field, but edit field content New Production (Studio) • Director (which cam is going on • Audio • Lighting • CG o Makes graphics and titles • Teleprompter • Floor Director

1/31/19 The aperture and diaphragm make up a lens The potential how big can we make that aperture Matte box square box that goes the front of the lens square rectangular device helps avoid lens flare, you can drop in filters and change the color of light, the pattern of light, and reduce the amount of light

The smaller the number the bigger the aperture Lens Length - focal length ➢ Focal length: is a measurement and then we define it by it that measurement ○ Its from optical center of lens (the middle) to the front of where the light is caught inside the camera ➢ Whatever the focal length of a lens that will tell us (determine) its field of view ○ Wide angle or narrow angle ○ If we know the focal length we know the field of view immediately Short lens ➢ Smaller the number (mm) = shorter the lens in ➢ The shorter the lens = the wider of angle of view ○ Big nose distortion Long Lens ➢ The larger the number = the longer the lens ➢ The longer the lens, the narrower of angle of view ○ Compression

F stops ➢ F stops are a measurement ➢ Fixed focal length - some lenses never change the focal length won’t change ➢ 12 Prime lens you have to decide what angle of view you want and then get that lens ➢ Variable focal length lenses - it zooms ➢ Zoom motor - servo a video cam allows you to smoothly zoom, electronically change the focal length. Isn’t very common in high end film/cinema Film ➢ Film is film, not digital medium. ➢ Chemical property of silver crystals, when silver crystals are exposed to light, we get pictures and we call those pictures frame. Film is literally frames/pictures Light Transduction ➢ Inside a video camera dslr a chip that catches light, it’s a sensor, light hits the sensor, the sensor sees the light and turns it into digital information ➢ Receives light and turn it into electrical energy - light transduction ➢ Image sensors ➢ DSLR - you have a big chip that receives the light ○ when you take a pic the mirror lifts up and hits the chip. Image Sensors ➢ Charge-coupled devices (CCD) ➢ (CMOS) they do exactly the same thing ➢ Prism block - light comes in to the front of the camera and it hits the prism block and gets seperated by the 3 main colors, 3 image sensors ○ Red, green, and blue ○ Routes the color lights to respective image sensors (chips) ➢ Single chip professional - the job of a chip is to change light energy to info ○ The bigger the chip, the better the image quality ○ Start w a single chip, they let light strike chip directly and lay over chip a mosaic mask - hits mask then chip designates to a diff color area ○ Mosaic mask Picks up red pixels, green pixels, and blue pixels different sensors on the mosaic mask. ➢ Camera Tubes ○ Red green and blue individual tubes. ➢ Studio cameras ○ Internally same as field camera

○ Used in a multicam operation not confined to a studio. ○ Ext viewfinder, you can stand back and look at it don’t have to put face right near it ○ Lens - boxed up, can’t put your finger on the lens. ○ Panhandles - 2 of them, zoom w your right, focus with your left ○ Teleprompter - 2 way mirror that allows the camera to shoot through it but front can see the text ○ Remote device to control color exposure etc operated by engineer called Camera Control Unit (CCU) ○ Chroma - blues and reds ○ Shading - dark and lightness of shot ➢ Ccu is so important to multi cam bc you want all the shots to look the same through all cameras ○ Multicam goes to the CCU before it goes to the switcher ■ Each row is a bus, a couple are buses ➢ Single camera you don’t need CCU because you only have one camera you dont have to match to other cameras

Camera Pedestal - for studio camera, usually confined to a single studio location ➢ Main support. ➢ Center is shaft allows you to raise up or lower down - the pedestal move ➢ Stearring ring up top that coordinates with the wheels on the bottom. ➢ Red tab indicates which direction your going ➢ When camera physically moves through space that’s a tracking shot Field Cameras ➢ Does the same things as studio BUT architecturally different ➢ We need access to the lens bc we have to manually manipulate the lens ➢ Viewfinder, you have to put your eye directly on it ➢ Mic on top ➢ Padded knotch to put on your sholder ➢ Smaller and lighter Modern cameras are camcorders - it’s a recorder. You no longer need a seperate device for recording.

View Finders - on field cameras ➢ Electronic, (EVF)

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Lcd screen looking at light that has already been transduced looking at a tv image. Image delay minimal but still relevant Power draw - camera has to be on and has to transduce light into electrical energy ➢ Optical , ○ Turns the camera into an SLR, actually looking down at the light throught the lens ○ Higher end viewfinder found in feature films and cinema ○ Focuses a bit easier, sharper clearer image ○ Don’t have image delay, you see the light as it goes in camera ○ Reduces eye fatigue ○ No power bc looking at light

2/5/19 Camera support under a field camera - tripod. (go get the sticks) ➢ The legs themselves are a tripod ➢ A spreader keeps the legs from collapsing ➢ The head, allows us to smoothly pan and tilt ➢ Pan handle - doesn’t have controls just to move camera around TYPES OF HEADS - 3 types Fluid head - most common ➢ portable ➢ Better for emg ➢ Inside of it there’s viscous fluid - a thick fluid to give you resistance ➢ Can’t handle the weight of big studio cameras Friction heads ➢ Only gonna see under studio cameras, uses friction ➢ On top of a pedestal for studio camera Geared head ➢ For high end film and digital cinema ➢ Very precise and smooth for panning and tilting ➢ Has wheels to tilt it right where you want it to be for pan/tilt ➢ Huge mechanism impractical for emg or mobile. Not portable Batteries -Do not need batteries if you are in the studio, for on the field ➢ Ni-cad ○ Heavy batteries called bricks

➢ Lithium-Ion ○ Smaller cameras ○ As time went on they made larger lithium ion for larger cameras ➢ AC ○ Wall plug in, a news studio uses it ○ Limited ...