Sample/practice exam 2018, questions PDF

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1) A) B) C) D) E) 1) 2) A) B) C) D) E) 2) 3) A) B) C) D) E) 3) 4) escape velocity? A) B) C) D) E) 4) 5) A) Jupiter B) C) Venus 5) D) Mars E) Mercury 6) A) B) C) D) 6) 7) A) B) C) D) E) 7) 8) A) B) C) D) E) 8) 9) A) B) pollution. C) D) E) 9) 10) A) B) C) D) E) 10) 11) A) B) C) D) E) 11) 12) A) B) C) ...

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MULTIPLEȱCHOICE.ȱȱChooseȱtheȱoneȱalternativeȱthatȱbestȱcompletesȱtheȱstatementȱorȱanswersȱtheȱquestion. 1) WhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱaȱprincipalȱadvantageȱofȱCCDsȱoverȱphotographicȱfilm? A) CCDsȱcanȱrecordȱtheȱcolorsȱofȱastronomicalȱobjectsȱaccurately,ȱwhileȱfilmȱcannot. B) CCDsȱallowȱlongȱexposuresȱ(e.g.,ȱminutesȱorȱhours),ȱandȱfilmȱdoesȱnot. C) CCDsȱcanȱbeȱattachedȱtoȱmodernȱtelescopesȱmoreȱeasilyȱthanȱcameras. D) ImagesȱrecordedȱwithȱCCDsȱneverȱrequireȱanyȱimageȱprocessing,ȱwhileȱimagesȱrecordedȱby filmȱoftenȱdo. E) CCDsȱcaptureȱaȱmuchȱhigherȱpercentageȱofȱtheȱincomingȱphotonsȱthanȱdoesȱfilm.

1)

2) Fromȱlaboratoryȱmeasurements,ȱweȱknowȱthatȱaȱparticularȱspectralȱlineȱformedȱbyȱhydrogen appearsȱatȱaȱwavelengthȱofȱ121.6ȱnanometersȱ(nm).ȱTheȱspectrumȱofȱaȱparticularȱstarȱshowsȱthe sameȱhydrogenȱlineȱappearingȱatȱaȱwavelengthȱofȱ121.8ȱnm.ȱWhatȱcanȱweȱconclude? A) Theȱstarȱisȱgettingȱhotter. B) Theȱstarȱisȱmovingȱtowardȱus. C) Theȱstarȱisȱmovingȱawayȱfromȱus. D) TheȱȈstarȈȱactuallyȱisȱaȱplanet. E) Theȱstarȱisȱgettingȱcolder.

2)

3) Anȱatomȱofȱtheȱelementȱironȱhasȱanȱatomicȱnumber ofȱ26ȱandȱanȱatomicȱweight ofȱ56.ȱIfȱitȱisȱneutral, howȱmanyȱprotons,ȱneutrons,ȱandȱelectronsȱdoesȱitȱhave? A) 13ȱprotons,ȱ43ȱneutrons,ȱ13ȱelectrons B) 26ȱprotons,ȱ30ȱneutrons,ȱ26ȱelectrons C) 26ȱprotons,ȱ56ȱneutrons,ȱ26ȱelectrons D) 13ȱprotons,ȱ56ȱneutrons,ȱ13ȱelectrons E) 26ȱprotons,ȱ30ȱneutrons,ȱ30ȱelectrons

3)

4) WhatȱwouldȱhappenȱifȱtheȱSpaceȱShuttleȱwereȱlaunchedȱwithȱaȱspeedȱgreaterȱthanȱEarthȇsȱ escape velocity? A) ItȱwouldȱtravelȱinȱaȱhigherȱorbitȱaroundȱEarth. B) Itȱwouldȱtakeȱlessȱtimeȱtoȱreachȱitsȱboundȱorbit. C) Itȱwouldȱbeȱinȱanȱunstableȱorbit. D) ItȱwouldȱorbitȱEarthȱatȱaȱfasterȱvelocity. E) ItȱwouldȱtravelȱawayȱfromȱEarthȱintoȱtheȱsolarȱsystem.

4)

5) Whichȱplanet,ȱotherȱthanȱEarth,ȱhasȱvisibleȱwaterȱiceȱonȱit? A) Jupiter B) theȱMoon C) Venus

5) D) Mars

E) Mercury

6) Whatȱdoȱweȱmeanȱbyȱtheȱdiffractionȱlimit ofȱaȱtelescope? A) Itȱisȱtheȱmaximumȱsizeȱtoȱwhichȱanyȱtelescopeȱcanȱbeȱbuilt. B) Itȱisȱtheȱbestȱangularȱresolutionȱtheȱtelescopeȱcouldȱachieveȱwithȱperfectȱopticalȱqualityȱandȱin theȱabsenceȱofȱatmosphericȱdistortion. C) Itȱdescribesȱtheȱfarthestȱdistanceȱtoȱwhichȱtheȱtelescopeȱcanȱsee. D) Itȱdescribesȱtheȱmaximumȱexposureȱtimeȱforȱimagesȱcapturedȱwithȱtheȱtelescope.



6)

7) Supposeȱtheȱangularȱseparationȱofȱtwoȱstarsȱisȱsmallerȱthanȱtheȱangularȱresolutionȱofȱyourȱeyes. Howȱwillȱtheȱstarsȱappearȱtoȱyourȱeyes? A) Theȱtwoȱstarsȱwillȱlookȱlikeȱaȱsingleȱpointȱofȱlight. B) Youȱwillȱseeȱonlyȱtheȱlargerȱofȱtheȱtwoȱstars,ȱnotȱtheȱsmallerȱone. C) Youȱwillȱnotȱbeȱableȱtoȱseeȱtheseȱtwoȱstarsȱatȱall. D) Theȱtwoȱstarsȱwillȱappearȱtoȱbeȱtouching,ȱlookingȱratherȱlikeȱaȱsmallȱdumbbell. E) Youȱwillȱseeȱtwoȱdistinctȱstars.

7)

8) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱcouldȱnotȱbeȱdeterminedȱbyȱanȱobservationȱthatȱusesȱonlyȱspectroscopy? A) theȱchemicalȱcompositionȱofȱaȱdistantȱstar B) theȱsizeȱofȱaȱdistantȱgalaxy C) theȱspeedȱatȱwhichȱaȱdistantȱgalaxyȱisȱmovingȱawayȱfromȱus D) theȱrotationȱrateȱofȱaȱdistantȱstar E) theȱsurfaceȱtemperatureȱofȱaȱdistantȱstar

8)

9) Whatȱdoesȱtheȱtechniqueȱofȱinterferometryȱallow? A) Itȱallowsȱtheȱsameȱtelescopeȱtoȱmakeȱimagesȱwithȱbothȱradioȱwavesȱandȱvisibleȱlight. B) Itȱallowsȱastronomersȱtoȱmakeȱastronomicalȱobservationsȱwithoutȱinterferenceȱfromȱlight pollution. C) Itȱallowsȱtwoȱorȱmoreȱtelescopesȱtoȱobtainȱtheȱangularȱresolutionȱofȱaȱsingleȱtelescopeȱmuch largerȱthanȱanyȱofȱtheȱindividualȱtelescopes. D) Itȱallowsȱusȱtoȱdetermineȱtheȱchemicalȱcompositionȱofȱstars. E) Itȱallowsȱtwoȱorȱmoreȱtelescopesȱtoȱobtainȱaȱtotalȱlight - collectingȱareaȱmuchȱlargerȱthanȱthe totalȱlight- collectingȱareaȱofȱtheȱindividualȱtelescopes.

9)

10) Ifȱyouȱdropȱaȱrockȱfromȱaȱgreatȱheight,ȱaboutȱhowȱfastȱwillȱitȱbeȱfallingȱafterȱ5ȱseconds,ȱneglecting airȱresistance? A) 50ȱm/s B) 10ȱm/s C) Itȱdependsȱonȱhowȱheavyȱitȱis. D) 15ȱm/s E) Itȱdependsȱonȱwhatȱshapeȱitȱis.

10)

11) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱnotȱaȱcharacteristicȱofȱtheȱinnerȱplanets? A) Theirȱorbitsȱareȱrelativelyȱcloselyȱspaced. B) Theyȱhaveȱveryȱfew,ȱifȱany,ȱsatellites. C) Theyȱallȱhaveȱsubstantialȱatmospheres. D) Theyȱareȱrelativelyȱsmallerȱthanȱtheȱouterȱplanets. E) Theyȱallȱhaveȱsolid,ȱrockyȱsurfaces.

11)

12) Plutoȱisȱdifferentȱfromȱtheȱouterȱplanetsȱinȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱwaysȱexceptȱwhichȱone? A) Itȱhasȱfewȱmoons. B) Itȱdoesnȇtȱhaveȱrings. C) Itsȱorbitȱisȱnotȱveryȱcloseȱtoȱbeingȱcircular. D) Itsȱsurfaceȱtemperatureȱisȱveryȱcold. E) Itȱisȱmadeȱmostlyȱofȱices.

12)



13) WhatȱisȱtheȱprimaryȱreasonȱwhyȱaȱPlutoȱflybyȱmissionȱwouldȱbeȱcheaperȱthanȱaȱPlutoȱorbiter? A) TheȱfuelȱneededȱforȱanȱorbiterȱtoȱslowȱdownȱwhenȱitȱreachesȱPlutoȱisȱveryȱexpensiveȱinȱandȱof itself. B) Theȱflybyȱcanȱuseȱlessȱexpensiveȱcamerasȱthanȱtheȱorbiter. C) TheȱfuelȱneededȱforȱanȱorbiterȱtoȱslowȱdownȱwhenȱitȱreachesȱPlutoȱaddsȱaȱlotȱofȱweightȱtoȱthe spacecraft. D) Theȱflybyȱisȱeasierȱtoȱdesignȱthanȱtheȱorbiter. E) Theȱquestionȱisȱincorrect;ȱinȱgeneral,ȱorbitersȱareȱcheaperȱthanȱflybys.

13)

14) Aȱskaterȱcanȱspinȱfasterȱbyȱpullingȱherȱarmsȱcloserȱtoȱherȱbodyȱorȱspinȱslowerȱbyȱspreadingȱher armsȱoutȱfromȱherȱbody.ȱThisȱisȱdueȱto A) conservationȱofȱmomentum. B) conservationȱofȱangularȱmomentum. C) theȱlawȱofȱgravity. D) Newtonȇsȱthirdȱlaw. E) conservationȱofȱenergy.

14)

15) Dissociationȱisȱtheȱprocessȱinȱwhich A) anȱelementȱchangesȱintoȱanotherȱform. B) anȱelectronȱisȱsharedȱbetweenȱatomicȱnuclei. C) aȱmoleculeȱgoesȱfromȱtheȱsolidȱphaseȱtoȱtheȱgasȱphase. D) theȱbondsȱbetweenȱelectronsȱaroundȱanȱatomicȱnucleusȱareȱbroken. E) theȱbondsȱbetweenȱatomsȱinȱaȱmoleculeȱareȱbroken.

15)

16) Accordingȱtoȱtheȱuniversalȱlawȱofȱgravitation,ȱtheȱforceȱdueȱtoȱgravityȱis A) directlyȱproportionalȱtoȱtheȱdistanceȱbetweenȱobjects. B) inverselyȱproportionalȱtoȱtheȱsquareȱofȱtheȱdistanceȱbetweenȱobjects. C) inverselyȱproportionalȱtoȱtheȱdistanceȱbetweenȱobjects. D) notȱdependentȱonȱtheȱdistanceȱbetweenȱobjects. E) directlyȱproportionalȱtoȱtheȱsquareȱofȱtheȱdistanceȱbetweenȱobjects.

16)

17) Whenȱanȱelectronȱinȱanȱatomȱgoesȱfromȱaȱhigherȱenergyȱstateȱtoȱaȱlowerȱenergyȱstate,ȱtheȱatom A) absorbsȱseveralȱphotonsȱofȱaȱspecificȱfrequency. B) canȱemitȱaȱphotonȱofȱanyȱfrequency. C) emitsȱaȱphotonȱofȱaȱspecificȱfrequency. D) absorbsȱaȱphotonȱofȱaȱspecificȱfrequency. E) canȱabsorbȱaȱphotonȱofȱanyȱfrequency.

17)

18) Theȱcenterȱofȱmassȱofȱaȱbinaryȱstarȱsystemȱis A) theȱcenterȱofȱtheȱmostȱmassiveȱofȱtheȱtwoȱstars. B) theȱaverageȱmassȱofȱtheȱtwoȱstars. C) theȱpointȱatȱwhichȱtheȱtwoȱobjectsȱwouldȱbalanceȱifȱtheyȱwereȱsomehowȱconnected. D) theȱcenterȱofȱtheȱleastȱmassiveȱofȱtheȱtwoȱstars. E) theȱpointȱhalfwayȱinȱbetweenȱthem.

18)

19) Whatȱareȱtheȱmainȱconstituentsȱofȱtheȱjovianȱplanets? A) ammoniaȱandȱwater B) nitrogenȱandȱmethane C) hydrogenȱandȱhelium D) rockyȱmineralsȱandȱwater,ȱasȱonȱEarth E) ammoniaȱandȱmethane

19)



20) HowȱdoesȱtheȱSpaceȱShuttleȱtakeȱoff? A) Itȱconvertsȱmass-energyȱtoȱkineticȱenergy. B) Itsȱrocketȱenginesȱpushȱagainstȱtheȱlaunchȱpadȱpropellingȱtheȱshuttleȱupwards. C) Itȱachievesȱliftȱfromȱitsȱwingsȱinȱtheȱsameȱwayȱthatȱairplanesȱdo. D) Hotȱgasȱshootsȱoutȱfromȱtheȱrocketȱand,ȱbyȱconservationȱofȱmomentum,ȱtheȱshuttleȱmovesȱin theȱoppositeȱdirection. E) Theȱhotȱrocketȱexhaustȱexpandsȱtheȱairȱbeneathȱtheȱshuttle,ȱpropellingȱitȱforward.

20)

21) Atȱextremelyȱhighȱtemperaturesȱ(e.g.,ȱmillionsȱofȱdegrees),ȱwhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱbestȱdescribes theȱphaseȱofȱmatter? A) aȱgasȱofȱrapidlyȱmovingȱmolecules B) aȱgasȱconsistingȱofȱindividual,ȱneutralȱatoms,ȱbutȱnoȱmolecules C) aȱplasmaȱconsistingȱofȱrapidlyȱmoving,ȱneutralȱatoms D) aȱplasmaȱconsistingȱofȱpositivelyȱchargedȱionsȱandȱfreeȱelectrons E) noneȱofȱtheȱaboveȱ(Atȱtheseȱextremelyȱhighȱtemperatures,ȱmatterȱcannotȱexist.)

21)

22) Ofȱtheȱtemperatureȱrangesȱbelow,ȱwhichȱrangeȱrepresentsȱtheȱsmallestȱrangeȱofȱactual temperature? A) 50-100°ȱCelsius B) 50-100°ȱFahrenheit C) 50-100°ȱKelvin D) Theyȱallȱrepresentȱtheȱsameȱchangeȱinȱtemperature.

22)

23) Supposeȱyouȱheatȱupȱanȱovenȱandȱboilȱaȱpotȱofȱwater.ȱWhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱexplainsȱwhyȱyou wouldȱbeȱburnedȱbyȱstickingȱyourȱhandȱbrieflyȱinȱtheȱpotȱbutȱnotȱbyȱstickingȱyourȱhandȱbrieflyȱin theȱoven? A) Theȱmoleculesȱinȱtheȱwaterȱareȱmovingȱfasterȱthanȱtheȱmoleculesȱinȱtheȱoven. B) Theȱovenȱhasȱaȱhigherȱtemperatureȱthanȱtheȱwater. C) Theȱwaterȱhasȱaȱhigherȱtemperatureȱthanȱtheȱoven. D) Theȱovenȱhasȱaȱhigherȱheatȱcontentȱthanȱtheȱwater. E) Theȱwaterȱhasȱaȱhigherȱheatȱcontentȱthanȱtheȱovenȱbecauseȱofȱdensity.

23)

24) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱobjectsȱisȱnotȱaȱcloseȱapproximationȱofȱaȱthermalȱemitter? A) you B) aȱplanet C) aȱstar D) aȱfilamentȱinȱaȱlightȱbulb E) hot,ȱthinȱgas

24)

25) Currently,ȱtheȱlargestȱopticalȱtelescopeȱmirrorsȱhaveȱaȱdiameterȱof A) 5ȱm. B) 10ȱm. C) 1ȱm. D) 2ȱm.

E) 100ȱm.

25)

26) Theȱmostȱmetal-richȱterrestrialȱplanetȱis A) Earth. B) theȱMoon.

E) Venus.

26) C) Mars.

D) Mercury.

27) Astronomersȱhaveȱdecidedȱthat,ȱratherȱthanȱbeingȱaȱplanet,ȱPlutoȱisȱreallyȱjustȱaȱlargeȱmemberȱof A) anȱextrasolarȱplanetaryȱsystem. B) theȱasteroidȱbelt. C) theȱKuiperȱbelt. D) theȱOortȱcloud. E) theȱmoonȱsystemȱaroundȱNeptune. 

27)

28) Theȱfrequencyȱofȱaȱwaveȱis A) equalȱtoȱtheȱspeedȱofȱtheȱwaveȱdividedȱbyȱtheȱwavelengthȱofȱtheȱwave. B) measuredȱinȱhertzȱ(Hz). C) theȱnumberȱofȱpeaksȱpassingȱbyȱanyȱpointȱeachȱsecond. D) measuredȱinȱcyclesȱperȱsecond. E) allȱofȱtheȱabove

28)

29) Radiativeȱenergyȱis A) energyȱusedȱtoȱpowerȱhomeȱradiators. B) energyȱcarriedȱbyȱlight. C) energyȱfromȱnuclearȱpowerȱplants. D) heatȱenergy. E) energyȱofȱmotion.

29)

30) Youȱareȱstandingȱonȱaȱscaleȱinȱanȱelevator.ȱSuddenlyȱyouȱnoticeȱyourȱweightȱ decreases.ȱWhatȱdo youȱconclude? A) Theȱelevatorȱisȱacceleratingȱupwards. B) Theȱelevatorȱisȱacceleratingȱdownwards. C) Yourȱdietȱisȱworking. D) Theȱelevatorȱisȱmovingȱatȱaȱconstantȱvelocityȱdownwards. E) Theȱelevatorȱisȱmovingȱatȱaȱconstantȱvelocityȱupwards.

30)

31) Considerȱanȱatomȱofȱgoldȱinȱwhichȱtheȱnucleusȱcontainsȱ79ȱprotonsȱandȱ118ȱneutrons.ȱWhatȱisȱits atomicȱnumberȱandȱatomicȱweight? A) Theȱatomicȱnumberȱisȱ118,ȱandȱtheȱatomicȱweightȱisȱ79. B) Theȱatomicȱnumberȱisȱ79,ȱandȱtheȱatomicȱweightȱisȱ197. C) Theȱatomicȱnumberȱisȱ79,ȱandȱtheȱatomicȱweightȱisȱ118. D) Theȱatomicȱnumberȱisȱ118,ȱandȱtheȱatomicȱweightȱisȱ197.

31)

32) Theȱallowedȱshapesȱforȱorbitsȱunderȱtheȱforceȱofȱgravityȱare A) ellipsesȱandȱspirals. B) ellipses,ȱspirals,ȱandȱparabolas. C) spirals,ȱcircles,ȱandȱsquares. D) ellipsesȱonly. E) ellipses,ȱparabolas,ȱandȱhyperbolas.

32)

33) Whereȱareȱmostȱofȱtheȱknownȱasteroidsȱfound? A) betweenȱtheȱorbitsȱofȱtheȱjovianȱplanets B) betweenȱtheȱorbitsȱofȱMarsȱandȱJupiter C) inȱtheȱKuiperȱbelt D) inȱtheȱOortȱcloud E) betweenȱtheȱorbitsȱofȱtheȱterrestrialȱplanets

33)



34) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱstatementsȱcorrectlyȱdescribesȱtheȱlawȱofȱconservationȱofȱenergy ? A) Anȱobjectȱalwaysȱhasȱtheȱsameȱamountȱofȱenergy. B) Itȱisȱnotȱreallyȱpossibleȱforȱanȱobjectȱtoȱgainȱorȱloseȱpotentialȱenergy,ȱbecauseȱenergyȱcannot beȱdestroyed. C) Energyȱcanȱchangeȱbetweenȱmanyȱdifferentȱforms,ȱsuchȱasȱpotential,ȱkinetic,ȱandȱthermal,ȱbut itȱisȱultimatelyȱdestroyed. D) Theȱtotalȱquantityȱofȱenergyȱinȱtheȱuniverseȱneverȱchanges. E) Theȱfactȱthatȱyouȱcanȱfuseȱhydrogenȱintoȱheliumȱtoȱproduceȱenergyȱmeansȱthatȱheliumȱcanȱbe turnedȱintoȱhydrogenȱtoȱproduceȱenergy.

34)

35) Fromȱshortestȱtoȱlongestȱwavelength,ȱwhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱcorrectlyȱordersȱtheȱdifferent categoriesȱofȱelectromagneticȱradiation? A) radio,ȱinfrared,ȱvisibleȱlight,ȱultraviolet,ȱXȬrays,ȱgammaȱrays B) gammaȱrays,ȱXȬrays,ȱultraviolet,ȱvisibleȱlight,ȱinfrared,ȱradio C) infrared,ȱvisibleȱlight,ȱultraviolet,ȱXȬrays,ȱgammaȱrays,ȱradio D) gammaȱrays,ȱXȬrays,ȱvisibleȱlight,ȱultraviolet,ȱinfrared,ȱradio E) visibleȱlight,ȱinfrared,ȱXȬrays,ȱultraviolet,ȱgammaȱrays,ȱradio

35)

36) Whichȱplanetȱhasȱtheȱhighestȱaverageȱsurfaceȱtemperature,ȱandȱwhy? A) Mercury,ȱbecauseȱofȱitsȱdenseȱcarbonȱdioxideȱatmosphere B) Jupiter,ȱbecauseȱitȱisȱsoȱbig C) Mercury,ȱbecauseȱitȱisȱclosestȱtoȱtheȱSun D) Venus,ȱbecauseȱofȱitsȱdenseȱcarbonȱdioxideȱatmosphere E) Mars,ȱbecauseȱofȱitsȱredȱcolor

36)

37) Whatȱdoȱastronomersȱmeanȱbyȱlightȱpollution ? A) Lightȱpollutionȱrefersȱtoȱtheȱlightsȱthatȱmustȱbeȱusedȱinsideȱmajorȱobservatoriesȱandȱthat makeȱitȱdifficultȱforȱastronomersȇȱeyesȱtoȱadaptȱtoȱdarkness. B) Lightȱpollutionȱrefersȱtoȱpollutionȱcausedȱbyȱlightȱindustryȱasȱopposedȱtoȱheavyȱindustry. C) Lightȱpollutionȱisȱanotherȱnameȱforȱsunlight,ȱwhichȱmakesȱitȱimpossibleȱtoȱseeȱstarsȱinȱthe daytime. D) Lightȱpollutionȱrefersȱtoȱharmfulȱgasesȱemittedȱbyȱcommonȱstreetȱlights. E) Lightȱpollutionȱrefersȱtoȱlightȱusedȱforȱhumanȱactivitiesȱthatȱbrightensȱtheȱskyȱandȱhinders astronomicalȱobservations.

37)

38) Howȱmuchȱelectricalȱchargeȱdoesȱanȱatomȱwithȱ6ȱprotons,ȱ6ȱneutrons,ȱandȱ5ȱelectronsȱhave? A) aȱpositiveȱchargeȱofȱ+1 B) aȱpositiveȱchargeȱofȱ+7 C) aȱtotalȱchargeȱofȱ+ 17 D) aȱnegativeȱchargeȱofȱ-5 E) noneȱofȱtheȱabove

38)

39) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱstatementsȱisȱnot anȱobservedȱpatternȱofȱmotionȱinȱourȱsolarȱsystem? A) Almostȱallȱmoonsȱorbitȱtheirȱplanetȱinȱtheȱsameȱdirectionȱasȱtheȱplanetȇsȱrotation. B) Mostȱplanetsȱrotateȱinȱtheȱsameȱdirectionȱinȱwhichȱtheyȱorbit. C) Mostȱplanetsȱorbitȱatȱtheȱsameȱspeed. D) Mostȱplanetaryȱorbitsȱlieȱnearlyȱinȱtheȱsameȱplane. E) AllȱplanetsȱorbitȱtheȱSunȱinȱtheȱsameȱdirection.

39)



40) Howȱareȱwavelength,ȱfrequency,ȱandȱenergyȱrelatedȱforȱphotonsȱofȱlight? A) Longerȱwavelengthȱmeansȱhigherȱfrequencyȱandȱlowerȱenergy. B) Longerȱwavelengthȱmeansȱlowerȱfrequencyȱandȱhigherȱenergy. C) Longerȱwavelengthȱmeansȱlowerȱfrequencyȱandȱlowerȱenergy. D) Longerȱwavelengthȱmeansȱhigherȱfrequencyȱandȱhigherȱenergy. E) Thereȱisȱnoȱsimpleȱrelationshipȱbecauseȱdifferentȱphotonsȱtravelȱatȱdifferentȱspeeds.

40)

41) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱanȱexampleȱinȱwhichȱyouȱareȱtravelingȱatȱconstantȱspeedȱbutȱnotȱat constantȱvelocity? A) rollingȱfreelyȱdownȱaȱhillȱinȱaȱcart,ȱtravelingȱinȱaȱstraightȱline B) j umpingȱupȱandȱdown,ȱwithȱaȱperiodȱofȱexactlyȱ60ȱhopsȱperȱminute C) drivingȱbackwardȱatȱexactlyȱ50ȱkm/hr D) drivingȱaroundȱinȱaȱcircleȱatȱexactlyȱ100ȱkm/hr E) noneȱofȱtheȱabove

41)

42) Newtonȇsȱsecondȱlawȱofȱmotionȱtellsȱusȱthatȱtheȱnetȱforceȱappliedȱtoȱanȱobjectȱequalsȱits A) massȱtimesȱenergy. B) energyȱtimesȱacceleration. C) momentumȱtimesȱvelocity. D) massȱtimesȱvelocity. E) massȱtimesȱacceleration.

42)

43) Ifȱweȱobserveȱoneȱedgeȱofȱaȱstarȱtoȱbeȱredshiftedȱandȱtheȱoppositeȱedgeȱtoȱbeȱblueshifted,ȱwhatȱcan weȱconcludeȱaboutȱtheȱstar? A) Theȱstarȱisȱinȱtheȱprocessȱofȱfallingȱapart. B) Theȱstarȱisȱinȱtheȱprocessȱofȱformation. C) Theȱstarȱisȱrotating. D) Theȱstarȱisȱactuallyȱtwoȱbodies,ȱoneȱmovingȱtowardȱus,ȱtheȱotherȱawayȱfromȱus. E) Theȱstarȇsȱsurfaceȱisȱveryȱdifferentȱfromȱoneȱsideȱtoȱtheȱother.

43)

44) Ifȱyouȱheatȱaȱgasȱsoȱthatȱcollisionsȱareȱcontinuallyȱbumpingȱelectronsȱtoȱhigherȱenergyȱlevels,ȱwhen theȱelectronsȱfallȱbackȱtoȱlowerȱenergyȱlevelsȱtheȱgasȱproduces A) radioȱwaves. B) XȬrays. C) thermalȱradiation. D) anȱabsorptionȱlineȱspectrum. E) anȱemissionȱlineȱspectrum.

44)

45) Whatȱdoesȱtemperatureȱmeasure? A) theȱaverageȱmassȱofȱparticlesȱinȱaȱsubstance B) theȱaverageȱsizeȱofȱparticlesȱinȱaȱsubstance C) theȱaverageȱkineticȱenergyȱofȱparticlesȱinȱaȱsubstance D) theȱtotalȱnumberȱofȱparticlesȱinȱaȱsubstance E) theȱtotalȱpotentialȱenergyȱofȱparticlesȱinȱaȱsubstance

45)



46) WhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱobservationsȱindicatesȱthatȱconditionsȱonȱMarsȱmayȱhaveȱbeenȱsuitableȱfor lifeȱinȱtheȱpast? A) Thereȱisȱliquidȱwaterȱasȱwellȱasȱaȱsignificantȱnumberȱofȱdried - upȱriverbedsȱonȱMars. B) ThereȱisȱaȱveryȱdeepȱandȱlongȱcanyonȱthatȱextendsȱacrossȱMars. C) MarsȱhasȱpolarȱcapsȱmadeȱofȱȈdryȱice.Ȉ D) ThereȱareȱveryȱlargeȱextinctȱvolcanoesȱonȱMars. E) Marsȱhasȱtwoȱsmallȱmoons.

46)

47) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱcouldȱnotȱbeȱmeasuredȱbyȱanȱobservationȱthatȱusesȱonlyȱimaging? A) theȱcolorȱofȱaȱplanet B) theȱbrightnessȱofȱaȱstarȱinȱourȱsky C) theȱnumberȱofȱbrightȱstarsȱinȱaȱnearbyȱstarȱcluster D) theȱgeneralȱshapeȱofȱanȱinterstellarȱcloudȱofȱgas E) theȱrateȱatȱwhichȱaȱvariableȱstarȱbrightensȱandȱdims

47)

48) Aȱgasȱheatedȱtoȱmillionsȱofȱdegreesȱwouldȱemit A) mostlyȱradioȱwaves. B) noȱlight,ȱbecauseȱitȱisȱtooȱhot. C) anȱequalȱamountȱofȱallȱwavelengthsȱofȱlight. D) mostlyȱXȬrays. E) mostlyȱultravioletȱlight.

48)

49) WhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱfarthestȱfromȱtheȱSun? A) aȱcometȱinȱtheȱKuiperȱbelt B) anȱasteroidȱinȱtheȱasteroidȱbelt C) Neptune D) Pluto E) aȱcometȱinȱtheȱOortȱcloud

49)

50) Whatȱisȱtheȱpurposeȱofȱadaptiveȱoptics? A) toȱincreaseȱtheȱcollectingȱareaȱofȱtelescopesȱonȱtheȱground B) toȱallowȱseveralȱsmallȱtelescopesȱtoȱworkȱtogetherȱlikeȱaȱsingleȱlargerȱtelescope C) toȱeliminateȱtheȱdistortingȱeffectsȱofȱatmosphericȱturbulenceȱforȱtelescopesȱonȱtheȱground D) toȱincreaseȱtheȱmagnificationȱofȱtelescopesȱonȱtheȱground E) toȱimproveȱtheȱangularȱresolutionȱofȱtelescopesȱinȱspace

50)

51) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱstatementsȱaboutȱelectricalȱchargeȱisȱtrue? A) Aȱpositiveȱchargeȱandȱaȱnegativeȱchargeȱwillȱattractȱeachȱother. B) Aȱpositiveȱchargeȱandȱaȱnegativeȱchargeȱwillȱrepelȱeachȱother. C) Twoȱpositiveȱchargesȱwillȱattractȱeachȱother. D) Twoȱnegativeȱchargesȱwillȱattractȱeachȱother.

51)

52) Momentumȱisȱdefinedȱas A) forceȱtimesȱvelocity. B) massȱtimesȱvelocity. C) massȱtimesȱspeed. D) massȱtimesȱacceleration. E) forceȱtimesȱacceleration.

52)



53) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱstatementsȱaboutȱelectronsȱisȱnot true? A) Electronsȱcanȱjumpȱbetweenȱenergyȱlevelsȱinȱanȱatomȱonlyȱifȱtheyȱreceiveȱorȱgiveȱupȱan amountȱofȱenergyȱequalȱtoȱtheȱdifferenceȱinȱenergyȱbetweenȱtheȱenergyȱlevels. B) Electronsȱhaveȱveryȱlittleȱmassȱcomparedȱtoȱprotonsȱorȱneutrons. C) ElectronsȱorbitȱtheȱnucleusȱratherȱlikeȱplanetsȱorbitingȱtheȱSun. D) Anȱelectronȱhasȱaȱnegativeȱelectricalȱcharge. E) Withinȱanȱatom,ȱanȱelectronȱcanȱhaveȱonlyȱparticularȱenergies.

53)

54) Howȱdoȱasteroidsȱdifferȱfromȱcomets? A) Asteroidsȱareȱrockyȱbodiesȱandȱareȱdenserȱthanȱtheȱcomets,ȱwhichȱareȱmadeȱofȱicyȱmaterial. B) Asteroidsȱareȱmadeȱofȱicyȱmaterialȱandȱareȱdenserȱthanȱtheȱcomets,ȱwhichȱareȱmoreȱrocky. C) Asteroidsȱandȱcometsȱareȱbothȱmadeȱofȱrockyȱandȱicyȱmaterial,ȱbutȱasteroidsȱareȱsmallerȱin sizeȱthanȱcomets. D) Asteroidsȱareȱmadeȱofȱicyȱmaterialȱandȱareȱlessȱdenseȱthanȱtheȱcomets,ȱwhichȱareȱrockier. E) Asteroidsȱareȱrockyȱbodiesȱandȱareȱlessȱdenseȱthanȱtheȱcomets,ȱwhichȱareȱmadeȱofȱicy material.

54)

55) ConsideringȱEinsteinȇsȱfamousȱequation,ȱEȱ=ȱmc2 ,ȱwhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱstatementsȱisȱtrue? A) Massȱcanȱbeȱturnedȱintoȱenergy,ȱbutȱenergyȱcannotȱbeȱturnedȱbackȱintoȱmass. B) Aȱsmallȱamountȱofȱmassȱcanȱbeȱturnedȱintoȱaȱlargeȱamountȱofȱenergy. C) Youȱcanȱmakeȱmassȱintoȱenergyȱifȱyouȱcanȱaccelerateȱtheȱmassȱtoȱtheȱspeedȱofȱlight. D) Itȱtakesȱaȱlargeȱamountȱofȱmassȱtoȱproduceȱaȱsmallȱamountȱofȱenergy. E) Oneȱkilogramȱofȱmassȱrepresentsȱ1ȱjouleȱofȱenergy.

55)

56) Whenȱlightȱreflectsȱoffȱanȱobject,ȱwhatȱisȱtheȱrelationȱbetweenȱtheȱangleȱofȱincidenceȱandȱtheȱangle ofȱreflection...