SCHU4U1 Ionic Covalent lab PDF

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Ionic/covalent lab report...

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Physical Properties of Ionic, Nonpolar & Polar Covalent Compounds Introduction The focus of this lab is to gain an understanding on how and why a compound’s name, structural formula, and physical properties exhibited through various lab tests determine its type of bond, being either ionic, polar, or nonpolar. The compounds being studied are road deicer (CaCl2 ),  vinegar        H O H O (CH3 COOH) , aspirin ( C ), and table sugar ( C ). The physical properties tests include melting  9 8  4 12  22  11  time, solubility in water (and additionally hot water if insoluble in room temperature water), solubility in methanol, and electrical conductivity. Ionic bonds are electrostatic forces of attraction that occur between oppositely charged ions. Ionic bonds are known to be one of the strongest electrostatic forces (with ΔEN ≥ 1.7) as they form crystal lattice structures in which the attraction between opposite charges is maximized, and repulsion is minimized. Covalent bonds are amongst the strongest electrostatic forces since it involves the sharing of electrons, known as bond pairs. This sharing of electrons is made possible because the two atoms involved have similar electronegativities (an atom’s affinity for electrons). Neither atom has the desire to donate or take an electron, rather they share. Within covalent bonds, one may further classify a molecule as polar or nonpolar. Polar molecules have electronegativity differences that are significant enough to cause an uneven distribution of electrons (0.4...