Seminar 3 Personality Assessment 1 Handout PDF

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Seminar 3 Personality Assessment 1 Handout...

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Handout for use in Seminar 3 Personality Assessment

The Portrait Values Questionnaire (PVQ) Here we briefly describe some people. Please read each description and think about how much each person is or is not like you. Tick the box to the right that shows how much the person in the description is like you.

How much like you is this person?

Very much like me

Like me

Somewhat like me

1. Thinking up new ideas and being creative is important to me. I like to do things in my own original way. 2. It is important to me to be rich. I want to have a lot of money and expensive things. 3. I think it is important that every person in the world be treated equally. I believe everyone should have equal opportunities in life. 4. It is important to me to show my abilities. I want people to admire what I do. 5. It is important to me to live in secure surroundings. I avoid anything that might endanger my safety. 6. I like surprises and I am always looking for new things to do. I think it is important to do lots of different things in life. 7. I believe that people should do what they are told. I think people should follow rules at all times, even when no-one is watching. 8. It is important to me to listen to people who are different to me. Even when I disagree with them, I still want to understand them. 9. It is important to me to be humble and modest. I try not to draw attention to myself. 10. Having a good time is important to me. I like to “spoil” myself. 11. It is important to me to make my own decisions about I do. I like to be free and not dependent on others. 12. It is very important to me to help the people around me. I want to care for their well-being. 13. Being very successful is important to me. I hope people will recognise my achievements. 14. It is important to me that the government ensures my safety against all threats. I want the state to be strong so it can defend its citizens. 15. I look for adventures and I like to take risks. I want to have an exciting life.

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How much like you is this person? 16. It is important to me to always behave properly. I want to avoid doing anything people would say is wrong. 17. It is important to me to get respect from others. I want people to do what I say. 18. It is important to me to be loyal to my friends. I want to devote myself to people close to me. 19. I strongly believe that people should care for nature. Looking after the environment is important to me. 20. Tradition is important to me. I try to follow the customs handed down by my religion or my family. 21. I seek every chance I can to have fun. It is important to me to do things that give me pleasure.

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Like me

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Not like me

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About the PVQ The PVQ was developed by Shalom H. Schwartz. This 21-item version is employed in the European Social Survey, where people from all over Europe complete the questionnaire every two years. Weblink: http://essedunet.nsd.uib.no/cms/topics/1/1/1.html

PVQ: Scoring The PVQ measures 10 basic values: Universalism, Benevolence, Tradition, Conformity, Security, Power, Achievement, Hedonism, Stimulation, and SelfDirection. 

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Calculate your scores for each of the ten basic values. The scores are Mean scores: Sum up the scores of the items that belong to each basic value and divide the result by the number of items (typically 2, for Universalism 3). What is your highest score? What is your lowest score?

Universalism: Items 2, 8, 19 Benevolence: Items 12, 18 Tradition: Items 9, 20 Conformity: Items 7, 16 Security: Items 5, 14 Power: Items 2, 17 Achievement: Items 4, 13 Hedonism: Items 10, 21 Stimulation: Items 6, 15 Self-Direction: Items 1, 11.

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Discuss in your group: What do you think are the typical findings? Which value do people typically find most important (highest score) and least important (lowest score)? Why? Are there any differences between young and old people? Are there any differences between males and females

Theoretical Background: Schwartz’s Model of Values From the European Social Survey Education Net: http://essedunet.nsd.uib.no/cms/topics/1/1/1.html 

Read through the explanation of the theory to acquire some background knowledge! You can either follow the link above or read through the following three pages of the handout.

Assessing children’s values Children find it difficult to complete questionnaires such as the PVQ. Researchers have therefore developed picture-based questionnaires to assess children’s values (Döring et al., 2010; the Picture-Based Value Survey for Children, PBVS-C). A leading character (in the picture below the person with the grey T-shirt) is showing a valueexpressive behaviour. The title ‘to help others’ further points towards the value’s motivational goal (in this case benevolence).

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Draw your own picture to represent a different value, and give a title to your picture. Then see if the other people in your group can guess which value it is.

The Big Five Inventory (BFI) Here are a number of characteristics that may or may not apply to you. For example, do you agree that you are someone who likes to spend time with others? Please circle a number next to each statement to indicate the extent to which you agree or disagree with that statement.

I see myself as someone who… 1. Is talkative 2. Tends to find fault with others 3. Does a thorough job 4. Is depressed, blue 5. Is original, comes up with new ideas 6. Is reserved 7. Is helpful and unselfish with others 8. Can be somewhat careless 9. Is relaxed, handles stress well 10. Is curious about many different things 11. Is full of energy 12. Starts quarrels with others 13. Is a reliable worker 14. Can be tense 15. Is ingenious, a deep thinker 16. Generates a lot of enthusiasm 17. Has a forgiving nature 18. Tends to be disorganized 19. Worries a lot 20. Has an active imagination 21. Tends to be quiet 22. Is generally trusting 23. Tends to be lazy 24. Is emotionally stable, not easily upset 25. Is inventive 26. Has an assertive personality 27. Can be cold and aloof 28. Perseveres until the task is finished 29. Can be moody 30. Values artistic, aesthetic experiences 31. Is sometimes shy, inhibited 32. Is considerate and kind to almost everyone 33. Does things efficiently 34. Remains calm in tense situations 35. Prefers work that is routine 36. Is outgoing, sociable 37. Is sometimes rude to others 38. Makes plans and follows through with them 39. Gets nervous easily 40. Likes to reflect, play with ideas 41. Has few artistic interests 42. Likes to cooperate with others 43. Is easily distracted 44. Is sophisticated in art, music, or literature

Disagree Strongly 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Agree Strongly 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

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3 3 3 3 3 3

4 4 4 4 4 4

5 5 5 5 5 5

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3 3 3 3 3 3

4 4 4 4 4 4

5 5 5 5 5 5

About the BFI The Big Five Inventory (BFI) was developed by Oliver P. John in 1991 and is a measure of the five main dimensions of personality in the Big Five model. It was published in this book chapter: John, O. P., & Srivastava, S. (1999). The Big Five trait taxonomy: History, measurement, and theoretical perspectives. In L. A. Pervin, & O. P. John (Eds.), Handbook of personality: Theory and research (pp. 102-138). New York: Guilford Press.

BFI scale scoring key (“R” denotes reverse-scored items): Extraversion: 1, 6R, 11, 16, 21R, 26, 31R, 36 Agreeableness: 2R, 7, 12R, 17, 22, 27R, 32, 37R, 42 Conscientiousness: 3, 8R, 13, 18R, 23R, 28, 33, 38, 43R Neuroticism: 4, 9R, 14, 19, 24R, 29, 34R, 39 Openness: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35R, 40, 41R, 44

To score each of the scales in the inventory, first of all reverse the scores for all the reverse-scored items such as Q6 or Q9 (so a response of 1 would become 5, 2 would become 4, 3 stays the same, 4 becomes 2 and 5 becomes 1). Then just sum across all the Extraversion items to get the Extraversion score, all the Agreeableness items to get the Agreeableness score etc.

Personality Test Interpretation: Using Norms The TB Five Factor Inventory (TB-FFI) is a fictional test that we have invented for demonstration purposes. The remainder of this document treats it as if it were real. The TB-FFI is a measure of the five main dimensions of personality and gives a broad description of a person. It is suitable for use in a number of areas including personnel selection. Respondents respond to 50 items (10 for each dimension) using 6-point Likert type scales and get a score from 0 to 50 on each of the five dimensions. Raw scores should be interpreted using the norm tables below. Factor I: Extraversion This trait reflects preference for, and behavior in, social situations. People high in extraversion are energetic and seek out the company of others. Low scorers (introverts) tend to be more quiet and reserved. Factor II: Agreeableness This trait reflects how we tend to interact with others. People high in agreeableness tend to be trusting, friendly and cooperative. Low scorers tend to be more aggressive and less cooperative. Factor III: Conscientiousness This trait reflects how organized and persistent we are in pursuing our goals. High scorers are methodical, well organized and dutiful. Low scorers are less careful, less focused and more likely to be distracted from tasks. In general, high scorers tend to perform better in most jobs. Factor IV: Neuroticism This trait reflects the tendency to experience negative thoughts and feelings. High scorers are prone to insecurity and emotional distress. Low scorers tend to be more relaxed, less emotional and less prone to distress. In general, low scorers tend to perform better in most jobs. Factor V: Openness This trait reflects 'open-mindedness' and interest in culture. High scorers tend to be imaginative, creative, and to seek out cultural and educational experiences. Low scorers are more down-to-earth, less interested in art and more practical in nature. Norms for TB-FFI, general population sample (N=1448). Factor I (E) II (A) III (C) IV (N) V (O)

Very Low 0-6 0 -18 0 – 18 0 – 24 0 - 24

Low 7 - 13 19 - 24 19 – 23 25 – 29 25 - 30

Average 14 - 21 25 - 30 24 - 30 30 - 34 31 - 37

High 22 - 29 31 - 36 31 - 36 35 - 39 38 - 43

Very High 30 – 50 37 – 50 37 - 50 40 - 50 44 - 50

Personality Test Interpretation: Narrative Reports When psychometric tests are used in real-life situations, it is usual for narrative reports based on the test results to be generated. These may be generated by the tester, or by automated testing software with pre-defined bits of text for various patterns of scores. The narrative report is intended to communicate information about the test-taker to third parties (whoever has commissioned the test, such as a potential employer) in an understandable and jargon-free way. Some general guidelines:        

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Do not include test scores in the report, or appendices – only use descriptions. Avoid use of scale names (e.g. ‘neuroticism’, as they can be misinterpreted by untrained readers. Do not give actual scores (no numbers). Comment on anything particularly striking about the pattern of scores. Think about what the person is ‘like’ on the basis of their test date – give examples of things that they might tend to do, or might have problems with. Consider how different traits might combine or interact (e.g. think about how an agreeable introvert might be different from a disagreeable introvert). Don’t over-interpret middle scores. You can use terms like ‘shows no particular preference for being alone of for the company of others’ for example to describe an average score. Don’t include opinions, or anything offensive, critical or pejorative (e.g. “he is clearly a loser”) – you might need to defend your comments in court for instance. You might need to expand on this kind of generic description where the assessment is being done for a particular reason (e.g. selection for a specific role).

Examples Factor Mr A Mrs B Mr C

I (E) 32 20 10

II (A) 32 15 27

III (C) 20 32 30

IV (N) 32 38 30

V (O) 36 35 45

Sample description: “Mr. A is likely to be a very outgoing and sociable person. He has a strong preference for activities involving other people, and will seldom be found on his own. He is likely to be an energetic and enthusiastic person. He is generally friendly and gets on well with others – he is likely to have a wide circle of friends, and to come across as warm and approachable. He may have difficulties organising his time, and probably prefers to do things on the spur of the moment rather than sticking to a strict schedule. This might lead to difficulties meeting deadlines in work or study, and with timekeeping. He is no more or less prone to anxiety and stress than other people of the same background. In terms of his interests, his preferences for concrete and conventional or abstract and novel activities and ideas are likely to be about equal.”

How would you describe Mrs B and Mr C?...