Sifat Fisik dan Mekanik Tanah PDF

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LAPORAN MODUL 2 "MODUL TANAH" PRAKTIKUM GL3221 GEOLOGI TEKNIK Kelompok 7 Yehezkial Festian / 12016002 Yusron Maaruf / 12016017 Chika B / 12016027 Hugo Sindhunata / 12016030 Nizar Lanang / 12016042 Bagaskara Widyanto / 12016056 Alan Ertanto / 12016068 M.Marvin F / 12016079 PROGRAM STUDI TEK...

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Sifat Fisik dan Mekanik Tanah Hugo Sindhunata

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LAPORAN MODUL 2 "MODUL TANAH" PRAKTIKUM GL3221 GEOLOGI TEKNIK

Kelompok 7 Yehezkial Festian / 12016002 Yusron Maaruf / 12016017 Chika B / 12016027 Hugo Sindhunata / 12016030 Nizar Lanang / 12016042 Bagaskara Widyanto / 12016056 Alan Ertanto / 12016068 M.Marvin F / 12016079

PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK GEOLOGI FAKULTAS ILMU DAN TEKNOLOGI KEBUMIAN INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI BANDUNG FEBRUARI 2019

DAFTAR ISI DAFTAR ISI .............................................................................................................................. i DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................................................... iv DAFTAR TABEL..................................................................................................................... v BAB I PENDAHULUAN ......................................................................................................... 1 I.1 Latar Belakang .................................................................................................................. 1 I.2 Tujuan Umum ................................................................................................................... 1 I.3 Pengambilan Sampel ......................................................................................................... 1 I.4 Langkah-Langkah Umum ................................................................................................. 1 I.5 Dokumentasi ..................................................................................................................... 2 BAB II SIFAT FISIK TANAH ............................................................................................... 3 II.1 Tujuan .............................................................................................................................. 3 II.2 Dasar Teori ...................................................................................................................... 3 II.3 Alat & Bahan ................................................................................................................... 3 II.4 Prosedur Pengujian .......................................................................................................... 3 II.5 Flowchart Langkah Kerja ................................................................................................ 4 II.6 Flowchart Perhitungan ..................................................................................................... 5 II.7 Waktu Pengujian .............................................................................................................. 6 II.8 Dokumentasi Uji Sifat Fisik Tanah ................................................................................. 6 II.9 Data Hasil Percobaan ....................................................................................................... 7 II.10 Analisis dan Perhitungan ............................................................................................... 8 II.11 Pembahasan ................................................................................................................... 9 BAB III PLASTISITAS DAN KLASIFIKASI TANAH..................................................... 10 III.1 Tujuan ........................................................................................................................... 10 III.2 Dasar Teori ................................................................................................................... 10 III.2.1 Plastisitas Tanah .................................................................................................... 10 III.2.2 Klasifikasi Tanah ................................................................................................... 11 III.3 Alat dan Bahan ............................................................................................................. 12 III.4 Prosedur Pengujian ....................................................................................................... 12 III.5 Flowchart Langkah Kerja ............................................................................................. 14 III.5.1 Preparasi Sampel (Sieving) .................................................................................... 14 III.5.2 Uji Batas Cair......................................................................................................... 15 III.5.2 Uji Batas Plastis ..................................................................................................... 16 i

III.5.3 Uji Klasifikasi Tanah ............................................................................................. 17 III.6 Flowchart Perhitungan.................................................................................................. 18 III.6.1 Uji Batas Cair......................................................................................................... 18 III.6.2 Uji Batas Plastis ..................................................................................................... 18 III.6.3 Uji Klasifikasi Tanah ............................................................................................. 19 III.7 Waktu Pengujian .......................................................................................................... 19 III.8 Dokumentasi Uji Plastisitas dan Klasifikasi Tanah...................................................... 20 III.9 Data Hasil Percobaan.................................................................................................... 22 III.9.1 Batas Cair ............................................................................................................... 22 III.9.2 Batas Plastis ........................................................................................................... 22 III.9.3 Uji Klasifikasi Tanah (Menggunakan Data Hasil Sieving) ................................... 22 III.10 Analisis dan Perhitungan ............................................................................................ 23 III.10.1 Batas Cair ............................................................................................................. 23 III.10.2 Batas Plastis ......................................................................................................... 23 III.10.3 Uji Klasifikasi Tanah (Menggunakan Data Hasil Sieving) ................................. 23 III.11 Pembahasan ................................................................................................................ 24 BAB IV HIDROMETRI DAN PIKNOMETRI ................................................................... 28 IV.1 Tujuan........................................................................................................................... 28 IV.2 Dasar Teori.................................................................................................................... 28 IV.3 Alat & Bahan ................................................................................................................ 30 IV.3.1 Hidrometri ............................................................................................................. 30 IV.3.2 Piknometri ............................................................................................................. 30 IV.4 Prosedur Pengujian ................................................................................................... 30 IV.4.1 Hidrometri ............................................................................................................. 30 IV.4.2 Piknometri ............................................................................................................. 31 IV.5 Flowchart Langkah Kerja ............................................................................................. 31 IV.5.1 Hidrometri ............................................................................................................. 31 IV.5.2 Piknometri ............................................................................................................. 31 IV.6 Waktu Pengujian .......................................................................................................... 32 IV.7 Dokumentasi Uji Hidrometri dan Piknometri .............................................................. 32 IV.8 Data Hasil Percobaan ................................................................................................... 34 IV.8.1 Piknometri ............................................................................................................. 34 IV.8.2 Hidrometri ............................................................................................................. 34 IV.9 Analisis dan Perhitungan .............................................................................................. 35 IV.9.1 Piknometri ............................................................................................................. 35 IV.9.2 Hidrometri ............................................................................................................. 35 IV.10 Pembahasan................................................................................................................ 39 ii

BAB V UJI KUAT GESER LANGSUNG ........................................................................... 40 V.1 Tujuan ............................................................................................................................ 40 V.2 Dasar Teori .................................................................................................................... 40 V.3 Alat & Bahan ................................................................................................................. 40 V.4 Prosedur Pengujian ........................................................................................................ 41 V.5 Flowchart Langkah Kerja .............................................................................................. 41 V.6 Flowchart Perhitungan ................................................................................................... 42 V.7 Waktu Pengujian............................................................................................................ 43 V.8 Dokumentasi Uji Kuat Geser Langsung ........................................................................ 43 V.9 Data Hasil Percobaan..................................................................................................... 44 V.10 Analisis dan Perhitungan ............................................................................................. 45 V.11 Pembahasan ................................................................................................................. 45 BAB VI KESIMPULAN ........................................................................................................ 47 VI.1 Uji Sifat Fisik Tanah .................................................................................................... 47 VI.2 Klasifikasi dan Plastisitas Tanah .................................................................................. 47 VI.3 Hidrometrik dan Piknometrik....................................................................................... 47 VI.4 Uji Kuat Geser Langsung ............................................................................................. 47 DAFTAR PUSTAKA ............................................................................................................. 48

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DAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar I. 1 Pengemasan sampel dengan plastik wrap .............................................................. 2 Gambar I. 2 Kondisi lapangan pengambilan sampel (1) ............................................................ 2 Gambar I. 3 Kondisi lapangan penambilan sampel (2) .............................................................. 2 Gambar II. 1 Pengeluaran sampel dari ring.................................................................................6 Gambar II. 2 Pengovenan sampel .............................................................................................. 6 Gambar II. 3 Pemberian air pada sampel untuk menentukan berat jenuh.................................. 7 Gambar II. 4 Penimbangan sampel ............................................................................................ 7 Gambar II. 5 Sampel yang telah dimasukkan dalam ring .......................................................... 7 Gambar III. 1 Pemotongan sampel untuk sieving.....................................................................20 Gambar III. 2 Sampel sebelum dioven ..................................................................................... 20 Gambar III. 3 Uji Sifat Plastis .................................................................................................. 20 Gambar III. 4 Uji Sifat Plastis (2) ............................................................................................ 21 Gambar III. 5 Penimbangan Sampel ........................................................................................ 21 Gambar III. 6 Penumbukan sampel .......................................................................................... 21 Gambar III. 7 Grafik Uji Batas Cair......................................................................................... 23 Gambar III. 8 Grafik pengeplotan % Kumulatif berat lolos (setelah sieving) vs Diameter mesh *Garis Biru = Trend ................................................................................................................. 24 Gambar III. 9 Grafik pengeplotan plasticity index vs liquid limit untuk menentukan nilai SL (shrinkage limit) ....................................................................................................................... 26 Gambar III. 10 Grafik pengeplotan plasticity index vs liquid limit untuk menentukan klasifikasi ................................................................................................................................. 26 Gambar III. 11 Unified Soil Classification System (ASTM D2487-11) .................................. 27 Gambar IV. 1 Sampel yang dimasukkan ke gelas ukur.............................................................32 Gambar IV. 2 Pengecekkan sampel dengan hidrometer .......................................................... 33 Gambar IV. 3 Pencampuran sampel dengan SHMP ................................................................ 33 Gambar IV. 4 Pengocokkan sampel pada gelas ukur ............................................................... 33 Gambar IV. 5 Penimbangan massa piknometer ....................................................................... 34 Gambar IV. 6 Pemanasan sampel piknometer ......................................................................... 34 Gambar IV. 7 Hasil plot Kumulatif Pa (%) (sb.Y) vs D (mm) (sb.X) ..................................... 39 Gambar V. 1 Situasi praktikum uji geser langsung...................................................................43 Gambar V. 2 Pengamatan alat praktikum uji geser langsung .................................................. 43 Gambar V. 3 Preparasi sampel praktikum uji geser langsung ................................................. 44 Gambar V. 4 Pelaksanaan uji geser langsung ......................................................................... 44 Gambar V. 4 Grafik Mohr Coulomb 𝜏 (sb. Y) vs 𝜎n (sb. X) ................................................... 46

iv

DAFTAR TABEL Tabel II. 1 Waktu Percobaan Sifak Fisik Tanah ........................................................................ 6 Tabel II. 2 Data hasil Percobaan Sifat Fisik Tanah .................................................................... 7 Tabel II. 3 Nilai Volume, Porositas, dan Angka Pori ................................................................ 8 Tabel II. 4 Nilai Densitas Alami, Kering, dan Basah ................................................................. 8 Tabel III. 1 Waktu Uji Sifat dan Klasifikasi Tanah...................................................................19 Tabel III. 2 Tabel Uji Batas Cair .............................................................................................. 22 Tabel III. 3 Tabel Uji Batas Plastis .......................................................................................... 22 Tabel III. 4 Tabel Hasil Sieving ............................................................................................... 22 Tabel III. 5 Tabel Nilai LL, PL, Fraksi Lempung, W, PI, LI, A, Cu, dan Cc ........................... 25 Tabel IV. 1 Waktu percobaan Hidrometri dan Piknometri........................................................32 Tabel IV. 2 Hasil Uji Piknometri ............................................................................................. 34 Tabel IV. 3 Hasil Uji Hidrometri ............................................................................................. 34 Tabel IV. 4 Tabel Nilai K......................................................................................................... 35 Tabel IV. 5 Tabel Nilai L berdasarkan Ra ............................................................................... 36 Tabel IV. 6 Koreksi Temperatur (CT) ...................................................................................... 37 Tabel IV. 7 Hasil Analisis nilai L, a, Ct, Zc, K, dan Rc untuk setiap waktu percobaan .......... 38 Tabel IV. 8 Hasil Analisis nilai P, D, dan Pa untuk setiap waktu percobaan .......................... 38 Tabel IV. 9 Gabungan Data antara Analasis Granulometri dan Hidrometri ............................ 38 Tabel V. 1 Waktu Percobaan Kuat Geser Langsung.................................................................43 Tabel V. 2 Data Hasil Percobaan ............................................................................................. 44 Tabel V. 3 Data Hasil Perhitungan........................................................................................... 45

v

BAB I PENDAHULUAN I.1 Latar Belakang Tanah sebagai bahan teknik adalah bahan yang tak terkosolidasi (dikokohkan) yang tersusun dari partikel padat yang terpisah-pisah dengan cairan dan gas yang menduduki ruang-ruangan antar partikel tersebut . Material tanah merupakan suatu objek yang penting dalam ilmu geologi, khususnya geologi teknik. Tanah ini sangat erat hubungannya dengan pekerjaan rekayasa. Pemahaman pada karakter tanah yang tepat dapat membantu dalam melakukan kegiatan rekayasa. Pemahaman (deskripsi dan klasifikasi) terhadap tanah diperlukan untuk dapat meminimalisir resiko yang akan timbul dalam suatu pekerjaan rekayasa. Pengklasifikasian dari karakteristik tanah mampu memberi solusi untuk menentukan pondasi yang memerlukan perlakuan khusus dalam proses rekayasa. I.2 Tujuan Umum 1. Menentukan densitas alami, densitas kering, densitas basah, berat alami, berat kering, berat basah, volume pori, angka pori, dan porositas tanah 2. Menentukan koefisien keseragaman butir dan koefisien gradasi butir (Cc dan Cu) 3.Menentukan indeks plastisitas, aktivitas, batas cair, plastis, dan retakan kemudian menentukan klasifikasi tanah dengan Unified Soil Classification System. 4. Menentukan nilai specific gravity (SG) dari sampel tanah yang lolos Mesh 200 dengan uji coba piknometer 5. Menentukan distribusi dari butiran tanah yang memiliki diameter yang lebih kecil dari 0.075 mm (saringan no. 200 ASTM) dengan cara pengendapan (hydrometer) 6. Menentukan kekuatan tanah terhadap gaya horisontal. 7. Menentukan nilai kohesi (c) serta sudut geser tanah (ø) terhadap gaya kompresif pada sampel tanah I.3 Pengambilan Sampel Hari, tanggal : Sabtu, 16 Februari 2019 Waktu : 12.15 - 17.00 Lokasi : Daerah Puncak Ciumbuleit, Dago Atas, Jawa Barat I.4 Langkah...