Sketchy micro review - Medicine PDF

Preview

Summary

Medicine...

Description

bacteria

“Golden Staff of Moses” ¾

¾ ¾ ¾ ¾

Genus Features: (“Moses wearing violet robe”), (“cat”), (“bright light with Beta”), (“blood red sea parting”), man with yellow clothes”) Reservoir: (“Sphinx’s nose in the foreground”), and Transmission: hands, sneezing, surgical wounds, (“meats and mayonnaise left out too long hanging from camel with nauseous woman”) Predisposing Factors for Infection: Disease and Pathogenesis: • Diseases Gastroenteritis (food poisoning) – toxin is ingested preformed in the food = “woman clutching mouth on camel with spoiled foods hanging” Acute Infective Endocarditis, usually a result of IV drug abuse = “woman clutching heart sitting on hearts blanket on a running camel with mortar and pestle and vials” Toxic Shock Syndrome = ”bald man with super cape with lightning bolt” = “bony fish in front of camel with bandages on knees” = “man and camel on knees coughing, patchy blanket to represent patchy infiltrates, icosahedrals hanging to represent post-viral infection” Abscesses and mastitis = “kneeling camel with humps covered in red cloths” = “bald guy getting sunburned” Surgical Infections from wound packing

= “Moses’ staff with ‘A’ binding to antibody at Fc” Clinical Symptoms 2-6 hours after ingesting toxin: nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting, followed by diarrhea = “rapid onset represented by running camel” Typically a right-sided heart infection of tricuspid valve (“behind woman are 3 pyramids”); fever, malaise, leukocytosis, heart murmur (may be absent initially)

(“Tall-

Pathogenicity

Fibrin platelet mesh, ,

Fever, hypotension, , multi-organ failure Bone pain, fever, tissue swelling, redness; lytic bone lesions on imaging Productive pneumonia with Cytolysin toxin and coagulase+; converts fibrinogen to fibrin clot – forms localized boils, etc.

Subcutaneous tenderness, redness and swelling, hot

Fever with cellulitis and/or abscesses

Coagulase, exfoliatins, TSSTs

¾ (“pharaoh with hand out showing mercy next to a caravan”), represent altered humans and they are rebuilding the pyramids”)

(“Anubis

GENUS: STAPHYLOCOCCUS SPECIES: ¾

Genus features: (“cat”), smooth red jello”),

“Beauty and the Plumber”

(“violet window curtains and countertops”), (“Moses’ Gell-O with red hyphen and

Staphylococcus epidermis = “represented by plumber and his activities” ¾ Distinguishing Feature: (“navel – belly button exposed and sensitive on plumber”); (“gunk under the sink coating all the pipes, tubes, and valves”) ¾ Reservoir: normal skin flora (“dirt covering plumber’s arms”), (“leaking pipe onto blood culture plate”) ¾ Disease Presentations: (“heart-shaped valve”), (“tubing under the sink”), (“plumber working on the plumbing”) ¾ Treatment: = “vanco van outside window”

¾ ¾

= “represented by lady on the sink” Distinguishing Feature: (“belly button is not exposed”) Disease Presentation: = “young, sexy girl holding a yellow drink in glass shaped like a bladder with two straws representing ureters”

“THE PIE GENIES’ BAKERY” ¾

General features: (“glass case over Hot Apple pie”),

¾ ¾ ¾

Reservoir: Transmission:

cupcakes”), ¾

¾

(“beta-light bulb heating lamp over pie”), (“basset hound able to eat the treats”),

(“master chef wearing an ‘M’ hat is swatting away the baker trying to eat his (“O-shaped donuts on counter leaking as if lysed”), : (“represented by twist breads”),

(“little muffins with P phosphates”),

,

Diseases: • = “baker holding lemon-crusted lemon-pie • = “bakers wearing red handkerchiefs around necks” • = “baker wearing big red mittens” • (“gingerbread man on counter with red frosting covering most of body”), (“backer with tongue out about to lick strawberry”), • = “baker wearing super cape with lightning bolt with a burnt gingerbread man with leg amputated and “B” for exotoxin superantigen causing disease” • (“Master chef wearing miter hat”), (“backer pumping into J cupcake now with frosting on elbow”), (“heart shaped O”), (“candies on cupcake”), (“frosting on cupcake to look like rash”), (“cupcake falling”) • (“red handkerchief and honey-crusted crumbs on face of baker”), (“calendar with circle two weeks after current date”) (“baker talking on telephone with cord twisted in shape of glomerulus”), (“baker has puffy cheeks”) (“cola-bottle by baker’s feet”) ¾ = (“lady buying box of donut O’s checking them with antibody tongs ¾ = “chef with PSGN holding the pencil”; ¾

“A Galactic Baby” ¾

¾

¾

¾

¾ ¾

General Features: (“violet planet backdrop”), (“Beta light bulbs on tents”), (“basset hound wearing a helmet, unable to lick baby”), (“baby is holding stuffed hippo”), (“hippo is wearing glass helmet”), (“space camp of tents with golden staff poles to refer back to Moses’ staph aureus’ staff”; “mother space shape represents a plate with arrow-head zone of hemolysis”) Reservoir: (“mother ship with tunnel that looks like vaginal canal”), and GI tract Transmission: = “baby emerging from vaginal canal of mother ship” Diseases: (“baby wearing red clothing”) (“meningitis space helmet on baby’s head”), (“baby is coughing”) Treatment: Prevention: (“35 wk on mother space ship”), (“pencil-shaped landing legs stabbing the mother ship”),

GENUS: STREPTOCOCCUS “The alpha knight tournament”

(“alpha sign in green, turns a green hue”), (“Sir pneumero uno wearing full armor”), (“knight’s chin is exposed”), (“knight holding two lances”), (“knight’s horse stuck in the mud”) ¾ Reservoir: ¾ Transmission: ¾ Predisposing factors:

(“knight has sickle hanging from waist”) (“knight carrying shield with IgA dimer molecule symbol”),

¾ Pathogenesis:

(“knight’s squire holding a mop”), S. pneumonia is

¾

for each (“fan holding #1 sign”)

• (“knight’s chest armor with rust”); ¾ Laboratory Diagnosis: gram stain and PCR of CSF, Quellung reaction is positive (no longer used but tested, swelling of capsule with addition of type-specific

santiserum), and ¾ Treatment:

(“crow perched”)

(“tri-axe symbol on flag”)

¾ Prevention:

(“sign indicating adults sit in Mezzanine and children on Ground”) (“jester in green suit”), (“Jester not wearing armor”), wearing mask with pointy chin for protection”), (“jester’s donkey with bile-resistant shoes not stuck in mud”) ¾ Reservoir: human oropharynx (normal flora) ¾ Transmission: endogenous ¾ (“donkey with terribly yellow teeth”) – deck of cards – dextran – and a plate for platelet adherence”); and (“jester wearing miter hat”), and ¾ Treatment: ¾ Prevention: prophylactic antibiotics prior to dental work for individuals with damaged heart valve

(“jester

(“jester holding a

GENUS: SPECIES:

“Protest at the Caucus” (“crowd in California, more common”) AND

(“buff dude holding ‘Stop the Fees’ sign, more dangerous”) ¾

¾ ¾ ¾

General features: (“buff dude unaffected by billy club by cop” and “bile-resistant boots”), (“crowd holding ‘resist the 6.5% N.CA’ sign”) Reservoir: human Transmission: endogenous Pathogenesis and Diseases: (“represented by ‘Do U 107 organisms) because cholera is sensitive to acid; many will die, but the few will infect • Pathogenesis – (“represented by the Base cAMP map of the river which looks like the small intestines; the cholera raft attaches to the dock (mucosa) by its rope (flagella), indicating that it does not invade the mucosa”). (“Gs tear gas canisters”) (“cAMP map”), (“river of slightly brown water extending out into rice patty fields) - and . • Treatment – = “colonel is drinking bottled water”; antibiotics • Prevention – proper sanitation; new vaccine

“Helicopter Pilot”

GENUS: ¾

¾ ¾ ¾

(“propellers”),

General features: (“curly mustache”), (“blue ring”), (“ammonium spray bottle”) Reservoir: humans, generally in the Transmission: fecal-oral or oral-oral Pathogenesis: the

¾

Diseases: ) = “bullet holes in the helicopter for ulcers” and “gas pump shaped as duodenum leaking” • = “crab sign signifying cancer”; now • = “pile of tissues next to the pilot that is covered with mucus – mucus associated lymphoid tissues” Diagnosis:

¾

Treatment:

¾

(“ammo box”), and

(“a proton-bomb inhibiting the proton gasoline pump”), (“a macrolide crow on a keep clear sign”); )

¾

¾ ¾ ¾

/ vulgaris “The God of the Public Restroom” General Features: (“red hues of the bathroom scenery”), (“Proteus is an octopus god with many moving tentacles”), (“Proteus is holding the ammonia bottle”), (“fish on the bathroom floor”) Reservoir: human colon and environment (water and soil) Transmission: endogenous Pathogenesis: (“Proteus is throwing a stone at the man peeing in the stall where Proteus is spraying his ammonia”); the (“Proteus’ crown has staghorns”);

¾

Diseases: Diagnosis: Treatment:

¾

Prevention:

¾ ¾

(“guy peeing in the bathroom stall”) and septicemia (“rotting eggs on the ground”),

“Board and Care” ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾

General Features: Reservoir: Transmission: respiratory droplets (“one of the crows holding its beak”) Pathogenesis:

• • (“streamers around the room”),

•  (“EF Viking shield on the wall”)  

(“tractor on the midline path in the window cleaving the cilia-like grass”) (“there is a bow tie on our disabled G.I.”), (“war veteran holding white-spherical popcorn overflowing the container”),

¾

(“war veteran coughing vigorously and holding an air horn that whoops”),

• ¾

Diagnosis:

¾

Treatment: perched on the window”) Prevention:

¾

(“’Victory! 100 Day’s War’ banner”);

(“crows (“an old ‘cellular phone’ next to a vaccine syringe”),

“Phyllis’s Chocolate Covered Cherries” ¾

General Features: (“red hues”), shape and the candy within shaped as coccobacilli”), sign”) (“5¢ or a Nickle for nicotinamide”) chocolate…”);

¾

Reservoir: human nasopharynx Transmission: cabinet of chocolates”) Pathogenesis: flying over it”);

¾ ¾

¾

(“candy dispensing machine (“10¢ (“store cells

(“Phyllis is holding a spray can over her glass (“glass capsule with a bee

Diseases: (“kid in astronaut costume with meningitis hat is pointing at the bee flying over the glass

• capsule”);

• • • •

¾ ¾

¾

(“kid in knight outfit plugging his ears”);

(“Phyllis selling Chocolate covered cherries, and the kid in knight costume is screaming, with his epiglottis out, drooling, and holding an ice cream with a cherry that has fallen off”); rare in vaccinated children, so seen in unvaccinated toddlers; was the major causal agent • (“kids in knights costumes carrying sickles”) Diagnosis: Treatment: (“kids in knight costumes carrying 3 axes”) (“healthy kid in cowboy costume carrying rifle”), Rifampin also reduces oropharynx colonization and prevents meningitis in unvaccinated 1:160 is considered positive Treatment: for adults: (“rifle for the sick farmer”) and (“windmill with bicycle wheel”)

¾

Prevention: vaccinate cattle; pasteurize the milk, especially goat milk

¾

“Francis the Rabbit” (“red radishes kind of look (“rabbit cage door is

¾

General Features: like the shape”), a open”), is a

¾

Reservoir: many species of wild animals, but especially rabbits (“the main character Francis is a rabbit”), deer, and rodents Transmission and Pathogenesis: (“Francis is scratching the ticks off”) causes a (“the rabbit hole”) (“radishes in the rabbit hole are rotting in the center”), (“rotting radishes pushing dirt up and creating dirt piles”); can also be caused by traumatic implantation while skinning rabbits; aerosols from skinning rabbits causes pneumonias; and ingestion of undercooked, infected meat or contaminated water produces a typhoidal tularemia Disease:

¾

¾

¾ ¾ ¾

Diagnosis: Serodiagnosis – culture is hazardous; DFA Treatment: (“the scythe-shaped gardening tool”) Prevention: protect against tick bites, wear gloves while butchering rabbits; a live, attenuated vaccine is available for persons in high risk (those with outdoor jobs, vets, etc)

“Louis Pasteur’s Lab” ¾

General Features: (“cat!”), (“glass capsule”)

(“Louis’ blue ring”),

¾

¾ ¾ ¾

(“the cat and dog in the scene”) Transmission: Pathogenesis: Disease: erythematous wound on Louis”);

(“dog bit Louis”) (“dog bite caused an

¾

(“Louis is holding fish bones”) Diagnosis: rarely cultured because routine prophylaxis is common; however, (“sheep’s blood vials on shelves”); (“safety pin on Louis’ white lab coat”) Treatment: (“Louis’ pencils”);

¾

Prevention:

¾

MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS “Shootout at the TB Corral” ¾ General Features: colored gun from holster fast”); General Store backdrop”);

(“tassels of cowboy’s shawl and chaps”) – c (“’We Carry Bellows!’ sign and symbol”),

(“cowboy drawing fuchsia(“Lowenstein

¾ Reservoir: human lungs; Transmission: respiratory droplets and recirculated air, as in on airplanes ¾ Pathogenesis:

• • (“spurs on cowboy represent sulfatides; separate and different sized dust clouds behind cowboy represent phagosome-lysosome inability to fuse; bacteria survives in macrophages represented by the M cage”)

•

(“lasso wrapping around the driver of the M cage”);

• ¾ Diseases:

• (“represented by sleeping child in a burlap sac”) (“cactus on left drawn to represent the lobes of the lungs with bullet holes through the middle lobe; red cactus fruit in the region of the hilum represent hilar lymph node involvement; together – the hilar lymphadenopathy and peripheral granulomatous lesion in the middle lung lobe make the Ghon Complex represented by the Gun Complex store behind this cactus”); (“presented by the broken M carts, one with potatoes within”)

• (“guy tied up with the TNF barrel tistratenetraie upper lobes”); second damaged cart spilling out and getting everywhere”);

•

(“2nd cactus on the right with bullet holes in the (“millet seeds found in (“man in M cage sweating and coughing blood”)

(“stack of pots to represent vertebral bodies cracked and damaged”); (“man next to the reactivation cactus with his hat shot off to represent CNS involvement”)

¾ Diagnosis: (“shovel into a lump of dirt represents positive test”);

¾ Treatment: multiple drugs are critical to treat infection;

(“RIPE written on cart with potatoes”): (“The RI in RIPE is highlighted”);

¾

(“man holding the rifle”) (“BCG syringe in +PPD symbol of shovel in dirt”); UV lights or HEPA filters used to treat potentially contaminated air.

“The Good, the Bad, and the Lion-Faced” ¾

General Features:

“same acid fast gun slinger with fuchsia gun and tassels”);

¾

(“scene takes place in winter time with snow on the ground”) Reservoir: human mucosa, skin, and nerves are only significant ones; (“Armadillo Co. Jail is scene and there’s an armadillo in the scene”) Transmission: prisoner representing lepromatous leprosy reaching out to the cowboy”) Pathogenesis:

¾

Disease:

¾ ¾

(“2nd

Lepromatous Cell mediated immunity: Lepromin skin test Number of organisms in tissue Damage from

= “jail cell #2, 2nd prisoner is smiling

(“2nd prisoner

(“prisoner in Cell #1 behind bars”), escaping from jail cell”); Number of Lesions and other Symptoms

Fewer lesions, macular, nerve enlargement and paresthesias, well demarcated hairless lesions on skin (“prisoner in cell#1 has bald spot”)

(“pink patches on 2nd prisoner”); (“cowboy with lion-face bandana”), (“glove and slippers on 2nd prisoner”)

¾ ¾ ¾

Diagnosis: mound of dirt next to Jail Cell #1”), Treatment: by Jail cell #1”); Prevention:

(“shovel entering (“Deputy with deputy badge representing dapsone carrying rifampin rifle (“another deputy with rifle holding cloth next to cloth rope for clofazimine”)

“The Bows and Arrows of Borrelia” (“a split arrow spiral shaped”),

¾

General Features:

¾

Reservoir:

¾

Transmission: By character”); (“the Northeast archery competition”) and

¾ ¾

(“mouse in scene”), and (“deer in scene”) (“Tick sign and Robin of Ixodes is main

(“forest scenery”) Pathogenesis: B. burgdorferi invades skin and spreads via the bloodstream to s Disease: (“knights wearing lime green uniforms”) ; three stages: • (“bull’s eye under stage 1”) and (“Sir Wright by Stage 1 is sweating, looking ill”) •

(“man (“two bells next to guy’s face”) • (“swinging mannequin with arrow through its head under stage 3 and Sir Giemsa by stage 3 is confused”), s, (“swinging straw mannequin with arrow through its knee”) Diagnosis: s (“Sir Wright and Sir Giemsa represent”) Treatment: (“Robin riding a unicycle”), ; (“Robin’s shield has 3 axes symbol”) Prevention: DEET to avoid tick bites; a vaccine – OspA flagellar antigen – is available but not used in the US holding shield with heart on it under stage 2”)

¾

¾ ¾

“The Surfer’s Oasis” ¾

(“question mark symbol on surf board with spiral strap to surf dude”), ¾ ¾

Reservoir: Transmission: tide and waters”).

(“surfer riding in on yellow

(“scene ¾ ¾

¾

¾ ¾

is set in Hawaii with main character surfing”) Pathogenesis: no toxins or virulence factors known Disease: (“surfer sweating profusely”) (“Whale breaching the water”), (“Surfer rubbing eyes and wearing red-tainted sunglasses”); (“red tubes that look like RBCs”), (“yellow surf suit”) (“kidney shaped rubber dingy”) Diagnosis: Treatment: Prevention: control

; vaccination of domestic livestock and pets; rat

“Pallidum Observatory” ¾ General Features:

(“spiral galaxy in corner and spiral staircase”),

, ,

¾ Reservoir: human genital tract; Transmission: sexually or across the placenta ¾ Pathogenesis: ¾ Diagnosis: (“Galaxy’s name is Darkfield; researcher using large telescope”); 1. (“Video Display Research Lab”),

(“Field Telescope A-AB sign”) o (“purple pencils” Herxheimer Comet Viewing sign”) (“the comet of fire and ice”); ¾ Prevention: benzathine penicillin is given to contacts; no vaccine is available ¾ Disease: The Stages of Syphilis Stage Clinical Primary (10d to 3mo after exposure) Secondary (1 to 3 mo later) and boots”); at weird planet with “a lata” bumps”);

¾ Treatment:

Latent Tertiary (30% of untreated, years later)

n (“the Jarisch

Diagnosis

(“astronaut wearing suit with red gloves (“astronaut pointing (“students looking through dark telescopes”) Positive serology

None

portion”);

(“bright cratered moon”), (“tree shaped like aorta with branches coming off the ascending (“targeting the roots of the tree”); (“columns in the background of pictur...