Soc1 Chapter #4 Notes PDF

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Lecture notes from a class called Introduction to Sociology. Instructor's name is Mark Pasion....

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Chapter #4________________________________ July 11, 2017 Levels of Sociological Analysis ● Macrosociology: Places the focus on broad features of society. Focus on social structure. ● Microsociology: Examines daily experiences, focus on social interaction. THE MACRO PERSPECTIVE Social Structure: The framework of society that surrounds us.. Framework gives direction and sets limits Social Institutions: Society creates organized, usual, or standard ways to meet its basic needs. (Education, religion, politics, family, etc..) Sociological Significance of Social Structure -Guides our behavior -Behavior decided by location in social structure Social Location Guides Behavior: - Cultural influences on our behavior - Social class structure may determine opportunities - “Status” and “Roles” are created to define the social structure Social Status: position a person occupies in society Ascribed - involuntary status that is assigned.. May be applied at birth or later in life. Ex: gender, race, ethnicity, social class.. Achieved - earned status, comes by way of personal action or effort. Ex: Job, Social class..  Master status - greatest importance in a particular person's life. Premiere status that cuts across all other statuses one hold. Status Symbols: indicators of a status, social markers used to exemplify a status Status Inconsistency: (a.k.a)  status discrepancy… a mismatch among a person’s statuses Status Set: all of the statuses one holds Social Roles: Behaviors, obligations & expectations associated with a status - You occupy a status - You play a role - Role will change as the status changes

Role Ambiguity - unclear about expected duties Role Strain - multiple demands within a single position Role Conflict - incompatibility between different positions Social Structure holds Society together ● Social integration: or social cohesion The degree to which society is united by shared values and other social bonds ● Gemeinschaft: An intimate community... personal associations... shared set of values ● Gesellschaft: Impersonal relationships... self-interest, individuality, and short-term acquaintances THE MICRO PERSPECTIVE Symbolic Interactionism: Interested  in how people view things, and how this affects their behavior and orientations to life Social Interaction - What people do and say in each other’s presence Personal Space - a personal zone.. “personal bubble” that surrounds us Microsociology Thomas Theorem: If people define situations as real, they are real in their consequences. *Social construction of reality Erving Goffman: -Dramaturgy -Impression Management -Use of props

-Presentation of Self -Actors on the stage of life -Backstage & Front stage

Some Social Interaction Principles ● “The Real Me”: Who is the real me ? ● Face-saving behavior: Studied nonobservance ● Exchange & Reciprocity: Norm of reciprocity Creation of self-image: Blending Cooley & Goffman...