Social Psychology - Dr. Sawyer PDF

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Malik Lamothe John Maloul Gaby Serrano Stephanie Rodriguez Field Observation For our field observation, our topic is based on the helping behavior. One group member at a time will be carrying three boxes while attempting to open the door to a building. Each member will be assigned to one of the four buildings: BBH, building E, building B, and LWH. For our observation we are focusing on group size, gender, time, and facial expression. We want to see if people that are in groups are less likely to help open the door compared to when they are alone. Also, are women more likely to be helped compared to men? The study “When door holding harms: Gender and the consequences of non-normative help” found that women were more likely to be helped with a door than their male counterparts (McCarty & Kelly, 2015). This could be due to the more traditional social norms in the American society. Men at a young age are taught to be holding doors for women. In addition, we will examine if people are less likely to be helped when they are running late/in a rush compared to when they are arriving fifteen minutes early to class. Finally, we will record if facial expressions like smile enhance helpfulness. According to Vrugt & Vet (2009), strangers who are smiling are more likely to help. To begin our field observation we will go to several building doors throughout the campus. At these doors, both the males and female from the group will take turns carrying three boxes that will occupy both hands. The person that is carrying the items at the time will pretend to have trouble opening the door. We will observe whether someone comes to help the individual who is carrying the items. Through this observation we can determine whether females or males were helped more by people. According to Salminen & Glad (1992) men are more likely to help than women, but men are more also more likely to help women than help men. Also, we can determine if the time of the day effects an individual willingness to help. In the study on “Chronotype and time-of-day effects on mood during school day,” kids ages 12-16 were tested for mood levels throughout the day. The study found that the kids mood increased over the course of the day (Díaz-Morales & Escribano & Jankowski, 2015). Finally, for group size we can determine if groups of people are less likely to help open the door compared to when a person is alone. According to Wegner and Schaefer (1978) the fewer people there are in a group, the more likely individuals are to help others.

Observational trial 1. Each group member will alternate doing their trials in each building. 2. Individual will be carrying three medium size boxes. 3. Individual will attempt to open the door while other group members observe and take notes on the subject(s) facial expression, gender, group size and time. 4. Each individual will do two trials; one entering the building and one exiting the building.

5. 1 male and 1 female will do their two trials 15 minutes prior to the start of class and the other male and female will each do their 2 trials 2 minutes prior to the start of class. 6. Two people (male and female) in our group will be on the outside part of the door acting casually 20 feet away from the field study. They will act like they are in a conversation while observing the field study. The other group member will be on the inside of the door looking outside This group member will be about 20 feet away blending into his or her environment. 7. The experiment will end when the subject has exited the building. Field trial 1. Male-15 minutes prior to class, a group of 2 male were walking fast, passed subject and swung door, instead of holding the door for subject. One looked back at subject who was entering the building. No facial expression was noted on either one. 2. Male- Female coming down the stairs looked at subject with boxes and stated that she would get the door with a smile on her face. She asked if he needed help and subject said no, thank you. Female, replied with a smile on her face. Subject was exiting building(15 min prior) 3. Female - both guys did not help her, continued looking at their phone as subject had difficulty exiting building; both were waiting at the elevator right across from subject. Subjects did not interact with one another (15 min prior) 4. Female - a group of 2 male, talking and laughing behind subject, ran pass subject. Each held the door as she entered the building. Offered help, subject said no, thank you. They asked again with a smile and subject answered no, thank you. Guys smiled and walked away. Both guys looked back to subject and continued walking. (15 min prior) 5. Male -One female with headphones looked zoned out, held the door as subject was entering the building and female was exiting building. Continued to walk as she opened the door. (2 min prior to start of class) 6. Male-2 minutes before class was starting, female walking fast, went through another door and let subject open the door for himself. Subject was exiting building. No facial expression was noted. 7. Female- the guy waited to opening the door for her as she entered building. Smiled at subject when she said thank you and rushed upstairs. (2 minutes prior to beginning of class) 8. Female - two males waited for her in opening the door for herself as she exited out the building. One of the male stated that he wasn’t going to open the door and laughed. Other male had smirk on face. Both continued to talk to each other (2 min prior to start of class) 9. Male- subject approached the door and attempted to open door, guy behind him let subject open the door and entered using another door. Glanced and continued walking. No facial expression was noted. (15 min prior) 10. Male- exited the first building door; female entering the building was too busy looking at her phone with headphones on and did not look up. No help was offered. (15 min prior) 11. Female- man with sunglasses, looking at his phone had already exited building, looked up and saw subject approaching door to enter building. Ran back to open door for subject with a smile expression. Walked away with a smile on his face. (15 minutes prior) 12. Female- Male by vending machine looked over and saw subject with boxes ran to open door for subject as she exited building. He had a smile expression after subject said thank you(15

minutes prior) 13. Male- female in front of subject, rushed inside building. Looked back as she opened second door, but did not go back to help. No facial expression was noted. (2 minutes prior) 14. Male- Male nodding his head, with headphone on, exited the building using another door from the one subject attempted to open. Glanced at him, but walked away. No facial expression was noted (2 minutes prior) 15. Female-Women waited for subject to open it first as they entered building. Stated, you got it and went behind the subject. Blank facial expression. (2 min prior) 16. Female-guy was on his phone and had exited the doors. When he saw female holding the door to exit building he went back to open the door and said have a nice day with a smile on his face. (2 minutes prior) 17. Male-female let male open the first door and held back to hold the second door as subject entered building. Said you're welcome in a kind tone no facial expression noted. (15 minutes prior) 18. Male- a group of 2 (male and female) went through different doors and allowed subject to open the door for self to exit building. Made no eye contact and continued talking among them. Both looked happy at what they were talking about. Laughing was noted too (15 minutes prior) 19. Female-girl beside subject, walked faster as they approached to enter building. Did not wait to open door for subject. Glanced at her as they walked. Serious facial expression. (15 min prior) 20. Female- male did not help on opening first door, allowed her to open itself. Did help on opening second door as she exited and he entered. Looked rushed (serious facial expression) and replied with “sure” to the second thank you at the second door; he walked toward the elevator. (15 min prior) 21. Male-a girl asked if subject needed help, waited to open the door and made sure subject was inside before she let the door go. Participant was exiting building and subject was entering building. Gave subject a smirk when he said, thank you(2 min prior) 22. Male-a group of 3 girls held back to open door as subject exited building. One held the door while the other 2 kept talking. All looked happy with smile expressions. Replied, you’re welcome when subject said thank you and continued walking. (2 min prior) 23. Female- a female seen before in LWH opened the door with a dirty, serious face expression, and replied with “mhm” when subject said thank you. Continued walking and looking on her phone. Both were entering building (2 min prior) 24. Female- 2 female in front of subject came out. One subject turned back and looked at subject with boxes. The conversation between the 2 stopped as one held the door. Both glanced at subject and at boxes. No facial expression was noted (2 minutes prior) 25. Male- a girl who was exiting the building, waited for subject, held the door as he entered the building. She had a smile expression and replied have a nice day to subject when he said thank you. (15 min prior) 26. Male- a girl ran/jog to help subject as he was approaching door, no facial expression was noted. Both were exiting building. (15 min prior) 27. Female- 2 females held back, stopped, talked, and when they saw subject go inside the building, they continued walking toward the same building door. Did not bother to help subject. (15 min prior) 28. Female- a group of 5 people walking down ramp, continued talking, laughing as female struggled to open door. Stopped when they had almost reached the first floor. A male and female

looked at subject struggling and looked at each other, but did not bother to help. Other 3 (2 females and 1 male) never glanced over at subject. Subject was exiting building (15 minutes prior). 29. Male - a group of 2 girls talking, walking behind subject. One opened door for subject as she continued to talk with the other female friend. All were entering building. She made very little eye contact with subject. Both had a serious facial expression (2 min prior) 30. Female-Women went through the other door instead of opening the door for subject. She was on her phone and made very little eye contact. Did not look rushed as she exited building. No facial expression was noted (2 min prior)

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