Solutions and Test Bank For Discovering Human Sexuality 4th Edition 4e By Simon LeVay PDF

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Solutions Manual, Test Bank, eBook For Discovering Human Sexuality 4th Edition By Simon LeVay, Janice & John Baldwin ; ISBN: 9781605357294, 1605357294, 9781605357164, 1605357162...

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DASHBOARDTest Bank to accompany

Discovering Human Sexuality, Fourth Edition LeVay • Baldwin • Baldwin

Chapter 1: Sexuality: Pathways to Understanding Multiple Choice 1. The study of sexuality a. includes all matters involved in human relationships except the act of sex. b. focuses on the physical distinction between male and female bodies. c. focuses on the emotions involved in love rather than the act of sex. d. applies mostly to our sexual preferences and how they influence the partners we choose. e. encompasses the entire realm of human experience connected with sex. Answer: e Textbook Reference: Sexuality Is a Broader Concept than Sex Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 2. Which statement best captures the difference between the terms “sex” and “sexuality?” a. Sex refers to the biological distinctions between males and females, as well as sexual behavior; sexuality is a broader term that includes attraction and relationships. b. Sex involves engaging in sexual behaviors; sexuality refers to a person’s identity as a woman or a man. c. Sex refers to the biological distinctions between males and females; sexualityrefers to a person’s sexual orientation. d. Sex refers to engaging in sexual behaviors; sexuality refers to the social structures concerned with sex. e. Sex refers to the physical act of intercourse; sexualityrefers to whether or not a person is currently sexually active. Answer: a Textbook Reference: Sexuality Is a Broader Concept than Sex Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 3. The evolutionary perspective on sexuality suggests that a. historically there was less competition for mates. b. there is a great deal of sexual diversity among closely related species. c. only humans have evolved homosexual behavior. d. only humans engage in non-reproductive sexual activity. e. the sexual habits of humans are unrelated to those of our primate ancestors. Answer: b Textbook Reference: Sexuality Has Changed over Time Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 4. Studies of sexual behavior among bonobos have demonstrated that in thisspecies For Full Chapters = [email protected]

For Full Chapters = [email protected] a. sex is used as a form of conflict resolution and alliance formation. b. rape-like behavior is common. c. non-reproductive sexual behavior is rare. d. sex is almost entirely heterosexual. e. females do not compete for the attention of males. Answer: a Textbook Reference: Sexuality Has Changed over Time Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 5. The understanding that pregnancy results from a single act of coitus a. originally arose in the late 1800s. b. led to the first use of birth control in the 1950s. c. has existed in all human cultures since the evolution of our species. d. kept humans from engaging in sex for pleasure until the modern era. e. has long been addressed by withdrawal, barriers, and other methods. Answer: e Textbook Reference: Sexuality Has Changed over Time Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 6. In some indigenous tribes of lowland South America, people believe that a child can have many biological fathers. Although this is biologically inaccurate, it offers the benefit of a. ensuring women remain sexually faithful to husbands. b. guaranteeing that low-status men have more biological offspring. c. giving women the option of choosing who fathers each of their children. d. producing more male support and protection for children. e. dramatically increasing the genetic diversity of the population. Answer: d Textbook Reference: Sexuality Has Changed over Time Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 7. In societies that believe in partible paternity, a. women often have multiple sex partners. b. men carefully ensure that their wives are sexually faithful. c. people also believe a child can have multiple mothers. d. people believe each of a woman’s children has a different father. e. men take no responsibility for parenting because their paternity is not guaranteed. Answer: a Textbook Reference: Sexuality Has Changed over Time Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 8. The transition fromhunter-gatherer societies to city-states changed sexuality by a. encouraging females to have more sexual partners. b. formalizing marriage and discouraging nonmarital sex. c. making public nudity more acceptable. d. making homosexuality more common. e. encouraging laws that increased sexual conflict and aggression.

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For Full Chapters = [email protected] Answer: b Textbook Reference: Sexuality Has Changed over Time Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 9. Why is polygamy less commontoday than it was historically? a. It is still just as common but is now hidden from the public. b. More men die in warfare now than in the past. c. Women are far less likely to be viewed as men’s property. d. Christianity stopped encouraging polygamy about 500 years ago. e. Most men can no longer afford to keep multiple wives. Answer: c Textbook Reference: Sexuality Has Changed over Time Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 10. For most of its history, organized Christianity a. promoted more liberal views on sexuality than churches of today. b. encouraged polygamy. c. refused to take any stance on issues of sexuality. d. allowed sex only within a marriage. e. denied the existence of homosexuality, masturbation, and polygamy. Answer: d Textbook Reference: Sexuality Has Changed over Time Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 11. In Italy, some young males used to have their testicles removed to preserve a childlike singing voice.This practice is called a. castration. b. polygamy. c. transgenderism. d. partible paternity. e. ethnography. Answer: a Textbook Reference: Sexuality Has Changed over Time Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 12. Historically, who was most likely to benefit from polygamy? a. Christian men of all social classes b. Christian women from wealthy families c. Eunuchs d. Young, low-ranking men e. Powerful, high-ranking men Answer: e Textbook Reference: Sexuality Has Changed over Time Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 13. The community that is likely to have the highest rates of sexually transmitted infections

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For Full Chapters = [email protected] a. restricts sex outside the context of marriage. b. has an isolated population. c. follows a traditional hunter-gatherer lifestyle. d. has had a recent influx of people. e. has a small population. Answer: d Textbook Reference: Sexuality Has Changed over Time Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 14. How have television and the internet shaped sexuality? a. Sexuality is biologically based, so television and the Internet have had no effect. b. Internet access has normalized a wider range of sexual behaviors. c. Internet access has made attraction to children more acceptable. d. Television and the Internet have made most people feel more sexually isolated. e. By raising awareness of kinks, Internet access has increased sexual stigma. Answer: b Textbook Reference: Sexuality Has Changed over Time Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 15. Refer to the graph.

This graph shows births per woman by year for White and African-American women. Data for African-American women are shown with the green (top) line. What conclusion can be drawn from the information in the graph? a. A decline in births correlates with a decline in sexual activity. b. Declining birthsare due to the availability of the birth control pill. c. Birth rates for both white and African-American women have declined since 1850. d. Since 1850, births have declined for white women but not for African-American women. e. Changes in the institution of marriage have caused a decline in the birth rate. Answer: c Textbook Reference: Sexuality Has Changed over Time Bloom’s Category: 4. Analysis

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16. Which statement illustrates the concept of a double standard? a. A woman with many partners is considered a slut; a man with many partners is considered a stud. b. Once considered shameful, cohabitation is generally accepted in the United States today. c. Interracial marriage was once illegal. d. Sex before marriage is now commonly accepted, despite religious prohibitions. e. Childbirth outside of marriage is no longer considered sinful. Answer: a Textbook Reference: Sexuality Has Changed over Time Bloom’s Category: 3. App l y i n g 17. According to the textbook, which is a way that marriage changed over the past few centuries? a. People are now more likely to marry for money than for love. b. People now have less freedom to choose a desired partner. c. Couples are now less likely to get divorced. d. Couples are now more likely to cohabit before marriage. e. Couples are now less likely to have children outside of marriage. Answer: d Textbook Reference: Sexuality Has Changed over Time Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 18. What most likely limited research on sexual behavior before the late 19th century? a. Biologists and sociologists lacked knowledge about reproductive anatomy. b. Sex researchers were thought to be perverted, so they were not supported. c. The available methods of research were not adequate for collecting data. d. Media resources like the Internet were not yet able to disseminate information. e. Cultural and religious taboos kept researchers from pursuing sex studies. Answer: e Textbook Reference: Sexuality Has Changed over Time Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 19. Modern approaches to sexual diversity best reflect which researcher’s contribution to the field? a. Richard von Krafft-Ebing believed that sexual variations indicated mental disorders. b. Havelock Ellis saw sexual deviations as signs of diversity, not mental illness. c. Sigmund Freud believed that sexual problems originated in the unconscious minds of children. d. Margaret Sanger campaigned for every woman’s right to practice contraception. e. Alfred Kinsey found an unexpected prevalence of sexual contact between humans and animals. Answer: b Textbook Reference: Sexuality Has Changed over Time Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

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For Full Chapters = [email protected] 20. A therapist believes that men develop fetishes for wearing women’s clothing due to problems in their early childhood relationship with their mothers. This therapist has most likely been influenced by the ideas of a. Richard von Krafft-Ebing. b. Havelock Ellis. c. Sigmund Freud. d. Alfred Kinsey. e. Virginia Johnson. Answer: c Textbook Reference: Sexuality Has Changed over Time Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying 21. Biologist Alfred Kinsey is best known for a. discovering the biological causes of homosexuality. b. theorizing that early childhood events lead to perversions. c. campaigning for women’s right to contraception. d. describing the sexual practices of Pacific Islanders. e. publishing one of the first sex surveys. Answer: e Textbook Reference: Sexuality Has Changed over Time Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 22.Current theories in neuroscience identify biological causes of sexual orientation. This theory was first advanced in the early 20th century by sex researcher a. Sigmund Freud. b. Margaret Sanger. c. Alfred Kinsey. d. Margaret Mead. e. Magnus Hirschfeld. Answer: e Textbook Reference: Sexuality Has Changed over Time Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 23. Freud called adult sexual desires directed toward atypical targets a. perversions. b. neuroses. c. aberrations. d. obsessions. e. hallucinations. Answer: a Textbook Reference: Sexuality Has Changed over Time Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 24. How have scientific advances supported Hirschfeld’s views about influences on sexual behavior?

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For Full Chapters = [email protected] a. Neurologists have identified the three centers in the brain that Hirschfeld theorized were responsible for sexual attraction. b. Biomedical researchers have shown that homosexual and heterosexual individuals have different sex hormones. c. Animal researchers have found that prenatal hormone levels influence adult sexual behavior. d. Geneticists have proven that genes do not influence sexual orientation. e. Psychotherapists have proven that family problems in childhood are the main influence on sexual behavior. Answer: c Textbook Reference: Sexuality Has Changed over Time Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing 25. The sexual revolution of the 1960s resulted in a. churches rapidly becoming more accepting of extramarital sex. b. many new laws restricting sexual freedoms. c. greater public acceptance of sex outside marriage. d. a sharp decrease in divorce rates. e. a paradoxical decrease in use of birth control. Answer: c Textbook Reference: Sexuality Has Changed over Time Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 26. Which advance is directly related to our knowledge of thehuman genome? a. Our ability to treat reproductive cancers b. Our knowledge of the physical functions of sexual organs c. Our knowledge of brain composition and function d. Our ability to diagnose some fetal abnormalities from a sample of the mother’s blood e. Our ability to prevent pregnancy with hormone-based contraception Answer: d Textbook Reference: Sexuality Can Be Studied with a Wide Variety of Methods Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 27. Biomedical research has revealed that a. studying nonhuman species cannot improve our understanding of human sexuality. b. human sexual behavior is determined by psychological factors, not biological factors. c. orgasms are associated with changes in brain activity. d. sexual orientation is unrelated to genetic or biological factors. e. only psychological treatments benefit people with low sexual arousal. Answer: c Textbook Reference:Sexuality Can Be Studied with a Wide Variety of Methods Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 28. Which project would most likely be conducted by a biomedical researcher? a. An exploration of cross-cultural differences in attitudes toward homosexuality b. A test of a new infertility treatment c. An assessment of how unconscious mental processes shape sexual behavior

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For Full Chapters = [email protected] d. An evaluation of how sex education programs in schools influence teen pregnancy e. An examination of the link between gender and risk-taking behavior Answer: b Textbook Reference:Sexuality Can Be Studied with a Wide Variety of Methods Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying 29. Which type of researcher would be most likely to study the hormonal and genetic mechanisms of sexuality? a. An ethnographer b. A biomedical researcher c. A cultural anthropologist d. A sociologist e. A cognitive psychologist Answer: b Textbook Reference: Sexuality Can Be Studied with a Wide Variety of Methods Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 30. A researcherexploring how sexually transmitted diseases spread throughout the country wished to know whether long-haul truckers were a causal factor. By working as a health education provider at truck stops she discovered that paid sex was an accepted part of truckers’ culture and that condom use is rare. This researcher was most likely trained as a(n) a. biomedical researcher. b. evolutionary psychologist. c. feminist researcher. d. sociologist. e. ethnographer. Answer: e Textbook Reference: Sexuality Can Be Studied with a Wide Variety of Methods Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying 31. Which statement is most accurate according to research exploring the relationship betweenmedia violence and sexual violence in men? a. Violent pornography has no effect on men’s attitudes toward sexual violence. b. Violent pornography increases most men’s awareness about the damage done by sexual violence. c. Violent men who see sexual violence become more violent, but average men become less accepting of sexual violence. d. Most men who view sexual violence go on to commit violent acts. e. Average men who view sexual violence become more accepting of sexual violence. Answer: e Textbook Reference: Sexuality Can Be Studied with a Wide Variety of Methods Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 32. In a 2013 study, Perry and colleagues discovered that gay men had higher levels of empathy than straight men, and lesbian women had lower levels of empathy than straight women. This study suggests that empathy

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For Full Chapters = [email protected] a. is a purely biological trait. b. is learned from romantic partners. c. shares a developmental process with sexual orientation. d. should be studied primarily by cultural anthropologists. e. should be studied primarily by evolutionary psychologists. Answer: c Textbook Reference: Sexuality Can Be Studied with a Wide Variety of Methods Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing 33. One evolutionary theory is that because females are choosier about mates, males have evolved to engage in competitive and risky displays in order to attract female attention. Which situation is the best example of this attractive behavior? a. A man determined to beat his roommate’s chemistry test score b. A young manrevving his car engine as a group of girls walks by c. Men buying women gifts,such as jewelry and flowers d. A woman dating two men at the same time e. A man going sky diving for his fortieth birthday Answer: b Textbook Reference: Sexuality Can Be Studied with a Wide Variety of Methods Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying 34. Pawlowski and colleagues explored the question of whether risk-taking during street crossings reflected sexual displays. The study demonstrated that a. men do not engage in risky sexual displays while engaged in everyday tasks. b. men make higher-risk street crossings if women are present. c. men make higher-risk street crossings if men are present. d. women make higher-risk street crossings if men are present. e. women make higher-risk street crossings if women are present. Answer: b Textbook Reference: Sexuality Can Be Studied with a Wide Variety of Methods Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 35. Suppose that researchers discovered that young women rate mountain climbers and race car drivers as more sexually appealing than baseball players. Such a finding would best support a. Freud’s theory of unconscious influences on sexuality. b. Hirschfield’s belief that neural centers determine sexual attraction. c. Mead’s belief that sexual behavior is influenced by culture. d. Malamuth’s belief that the media influences sexual attitudes. e. Pawlowski’s belief that evolution selects for competitive, risk-taking men. Answer: e Textbook Reference: Sexuality Can Be Studied with a Wide Variety of Methods Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing 36. A researcher is moving to Africa for six months to study the sexual attitudes and behaviors of a little-known tribe of indigenous people. This is an example of a(n) a. cognitive psychology study.

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For Full Chapters = [email protected] b. evolutionary study. c. feminist study. d. post-modernist study. e. cultural anthropology study. Answer: e Textbook Reference: Sexuality Can Be Studied with a Wide Variety of Methods Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying 37. Results from the NHSLS, a demographic survey of sexual behavior, published in 1994 revealed that a. women masturbate more than men. b. single women masturbate more than married women. c. divorced women masturbate more than single women. d. Catholic women masturbate more than Muslim women. e. women in relationships masturbate more than single women. Answer: e Textbook Reference: Sexuality Can Be Studied with a Wide Variety of Methods Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 38. Sociologists at the University of Chicago have been giving the General Social Survey (GSS) every year or two since 1972.A key benefit of this type of survey is that a. it does not require a random or representative sample. b. it allows researchers to identify changes in attitudes over time. c. it increases honesty by having people give answers directly to interviewers. d. the questions are always evolving to reflect changing attitudes about sex. e. the design includes multiple control groups. Answer: b Textbook Reference: Sexuality Can Be Studied with a W...