SP Week 1 Study Notes PDF

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Summary

The study of the individual in the social context: Self and identity, social cognition, interpersonal behaviour (affiliation, attraction, sex, aggression, altruism); social attitudes, prejudice and discrimination; social influence and group processes (conformity, leadership and intergroup relations)...

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Social Psychology Week 1 Study Notes: 1.

Social psychology is the scientific study of how people do which of the following? Think about, influence, and relate to one another

2. In contrast to a sociologist, a social psychologist does which of the following? A social psychologist deals more with the individual within the group and how outside factors affect the individual. 3. Compared with personality psychology, social psychology does which of the following? Social psychology focuses less on differences among individuals, and more on how individuals, in general, view and affect one another. 4. Which of the following questions is a social psychologist most likely to ask? How and what do people think about one another? 5. Which concept is best illustrated by the statement: Children will behave more aggressively after playing a violent video game than a non-violent one? a hypothesis

6. A good theory does which of the following? It effectively summarizes a wide range of observations. -

It makes clear predictions.

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It can be used to confirm a theory, generate new exploration, and suggest practical applications.

7. What is the definition of hindsight bias? It is the tendency to exaggerate, after learning an outcome, one's ability to have foreseen how something turned out.

8. What is the term for an integrated set of principles that explain and predict observed events? correlation 9. Which statement best describes what social psychology teaches us in relation to common sense? Common sense is usually right after the fact 10. Personality psychology is the scientific study of how people think about, influence, and relate to one another. TRUE 11. Social psychologists focus on societal trends and the impact of factors such as culture and socio-economic status on group-level outcomes. FALSE

12. A hypothesis is a testable proposition that described a relationship that might exist between events. TRUE 13. The problem with common sense is that we tend to invoke it after we know the facts. FALSE 14. This type of research asks whether two or more factors are naturally associated. Correlational 15. When two variables correlate, how many causal explanations are possible? 3 16. Which of the following is a correct interpretation for a correlation of -.89? Strong negative

17. Social psychological research can take place in an everyday setting know as this. Field 18. In an experiment, children are exposed to violent and non-violent television programs in order to see how violence on television affects aggressive behaviour. Aggressive behaviour is which of the following types of variables? Dependent variable 19. This is considered the 'great equalizer' in an experiment. Random assignment 20. Social psychological research tends to rely more heavily on this type of research method. Experimental 21. Creating an experiment that is very "life-like" refers to this form of realism. Mundane 22. Voluntary participation is ensured through this ethical principle. Informed consent 23. The greatest strength of correlational research is that it Is widely used in social psychology 24. The essential ingredients for an experiment are Random assignment and a representative sample 25. A measure that gives us the same answer over and over again is Reliable 26. Informed consent requires that you must provide the participants with sufficient information to enable them to decide to participate in the study. 27. Which of the following correlation coefficients is the strongest? -

-0.87

28. A negative correlation indicates that as one variable decreases, so does the other. FALSE

29. A correlational study cannot establish cause and effect. TRUE 30. Random assignment refers to the careful selection of participants for the study. FALSE 31. The use of deception in research is not permitted because it violates the principle of informed consent. FALSE 32. Social psychology is the scientific study of which of the following? Social thinking, including how we perceive ourselves and others. -

Social influence including culture and biology.

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Social relations, including things like helping and aggression.

33. In contrast to a sociologist, a social psychologist does which of the following? A social psychologist is less likely to focus on broader social trends, and more likely to use experimental procedures to understand how people's attitudes affect their behaviour. 34. What is the term for a testable proposition that describes a relationship that might exist between events? Hypothesis 35. What is the term for ideas that summarize and explain facts? Theories 36. Why are theories important? They imply testable hypotheses that allow us to test the theory on which they are based. -

Predictions give direction to research.

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The predictive feature of good theories can make them practical as in the case of aggression.

37. The hindsight bias refers to which of the following? The tendency to exaggerate, after learning an outcome, one's ability to have foreseen how something turned out. 38. Social psychology is a science that studies the influence of our _____. Situations 39. _____ are objective statements about what we observe. Facts 40. The "I-knew-it-all-along" phenomenon is also known as the _____ bias. Hindsight 41. The hindsight bias leads to an _____ of our intellectual powers. Overestimation 42. Compared with sociology, social psychology does which of the following? Social psychology focuses less on groups and more on individuals using methods that more often involve experimentation.

43. A testable proposition that describes a relationship that may exist between events. Hypothesis 44. Experiments are the only definitive way to establish cause and effect. TRUE 45. The hindsight bias is also known as the I-knew-it-all-along phenomenon. TRUE 46. This type of research can determine causality. Experimental 47. A negative correlation is evidenced by which of the following? Increasing levels on one variable corresponding to decreasing levels on the other. 48. We can determine causality in an experiment because the procedures include which of the following? Random assignment and experimental control 49. In an experiment, children are exposed to violent and non-violent television programs in order to see how violence affects behaviour. The type of television program is considered what type of variable? Independent 50. This helps to ensure that experimental conditions are equivalent prior to experiencing the independent variable. Random assignment 51. The degree to which an experiment produces the real psychological experiences that it is intended to create is known as what form of realism? Experimental 52. An experiment on helping others in distress had high_____ because participants felt empathy for the victims even though it was not a scenario that they were likely to encounter in the real world. Experimental realism 53. A weighing scale that consistently indicates that a person's weight is five pounds heavier than it is in reality is Reliable 54. The closer a correlation is to _____, the weaker the correlation. 0.00 55.

In a study that investigates the effect of working in groups on academic performance, what type of variable is academic performance? Dependent variable

56. Obtaining a representative sample is especially important when conducting Surveys 57.

One of the guiding principles of the tri-council policy is Respect for human dignity

58. At the end of a study, participants are informed of its purpose during the process of

___________. Debriefing 59. A correlation means that one variable causes the other FALSE 60. Informed consent refers to an ethical principle that ensures participants are given enough information to determine if they wish to participate in the study TRUE 61. Findings can be directly generalized from a lab to the real world because a lab is a miniature replica of reality. FALSE 62. A measure is valid if it gives us the same result over and over again. FALSE

Correlations may range between 0 and 1.0. 63. Correlations may range between 0 and 1.0. FALSE

Correlations may range between 0 and 1.0.

An experiment on helping others in distress had high_____ because participants felt empathy for the victims even though it was not a scenario that they were likely to encounter in the real world.

An experiment on helping others in distress had high_____ because participants felt empathy for the victims even though it was not a scenario that they were likely to encounter in the real world.

An experiment on helping others in distress had high_____ because participants felt empathy for the victims even though it was not a scenario that they were likely to encounter in the real world....