STREL 102 A 13-03-2018 - Lecture notes 15 PDF

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The lecturer was Todd Nachowitz...

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! STREL102A World Religions: Contemporary Life and Practices. ! 13/03/2018! ! Continuation from last lecture. ! ! Judaism: An Introduction! • The exodus is Jewish history becomes a defining moment in history and central to Jewish identity !

• Layered up (2nd constructed on top of it) ! • Site is not allowed to be disturbed ! • first temple stands for roughly 420year period!

B'Av) ! ‣ Second temple is destroyed on same day of the Jewish calander. ! ‣ Jews for first time are seperate from animal sacrifice and temples and new Judaism starts to emerge- Rabbinic Judaism ! • Cinnagog ! • Beginning of rebinic Judaism ! • Prayer, singing, discussion, teaching by rabbi ! ! Persian invasion of Babylon (539! • Jews freed and told to go home ! • No longer independent subjects if Persia! • Cyrus II looked at favourably, fair ruler. ! • Believed to be waves of return to Israel ! • Second temple constructed 520-510BC ! ! Second temple period (520BC-70CE)! • Differences between priests and those returning from exile!

• Persian empire falls to the Greeks (Alexander the great) !

‣ Statues of himself and Zeus in holy temple ! • Jewish resentment ! • Outlaws Judaism ! Maccabean Revolt (167-160 BC)! • Maccabean victory ! • Ritually cleanse temple, restablish Jewish worship in second temple. ! • This event is import, lighting of candles in the temple- celebrated as Hanukkah in modern history. !

! Hasmonean distant becomes corrupt after death of Maccabea. ! • Roman invasion (63BC) !

! • Caligula (37-41CE) (roman emperor) demands Jews worship him !

‣ Destruction of second temple (70CE) ! • High priests are finished ! • Jerusalem no longer becomes a pilgrimage centre! • Jewish dispersal, another period of exile begins ! ! Why Jews reject Jesus as Moshiach! • Judaism idea of messiah a differs from Christian idea! • Judaism forbids the worship of a person as a form of idolatry ! • Jesus as a son of god is not compatible with Jewish theology ! • Jewish eschatology hold the arrival of a messiah with specific series of events that had not yet occurred!

Christianity: An Introduction ! • Essentially monotheistic !

Righteous go to heaven ! Evil condemned to hell ! Accept 10 commandments as moral guide! Jesus model for modal and ethical life ! Sacred texts- Old Testament ! • What you reading today in English has been translated many times over from original text.! ‣ New Testament !

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! Essential history! • Paul the Apostle (Saul of Taurus) (5-67CE) !

‣ New Testament written (50-120 CE), largely Paul responsible. ! Christianity a fledging Jewish act!

‣ Torture and executions by fire !

• Edict of Milan! ‣ Did not make Christianity the official religion of Roman Empire! ! Lapsed Christian- someone who denied their Christianity in times of persecutions.! ! • Disputes over lapsed Christians, Jesus identity, and conception of God. !

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1st effort to gain consensus through an assembly representing all of Christendom. ! Addressed nature of Jesus and relationship to God ! Defines Jesus as divine! 1st attempt at uniform Christian doctrine: nicene creed. !

‣ The Niceno-Constantinopotiltan creed:! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! • • • •

Council of Chalcedon ! Fall of Roman Empire! Rise of Islam! Byzantine iconoclasm !

! • John of demasucus (676-749CE) !

! Second council of Nicaea (787CE)! • Empress Irene restores use and veneration of holy images! • Empress Theodora restores icon use in Eastern Orthodox church's ! ! The great Schism (1954CE) ! • Beginnings of break between western and eastern forms. ! • Cultural, political, linguistic and theological differences! • Items of contention!

! ! Middle Ages and the renaissance (1000-1500CE)! • Crusades!

‣ Campaigns sponsored !...