Structural Design OF Three Storey Residential Building Using Geotextile System Foundation PDF

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College of Engineering and Computer Studies

STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF THREE-STOREY RESIDENTIAL BUILDING USING GEOTEXTILE SYSTEM FOUNDATION

A Project Design presented to the College of Engineering and Computer Studies In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering

Agustin, Jerard Marius V. Borlaza, Vaneza M. Nuque, Clarisse Joy M. Sicat, Jeannie M.

November 2019

College of Engineering and Computer Studies

APPROVAL SHEET This study, entitled “Structural Design of Three–Storey Residential Building using Geotextile System Foundation”, prepared and submitted by Agustin, Jerard Marius V., Borlaza, Vaneza M., Nuque, Clarisse Joy M., and Sicat, Jeannie M., in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering, has been examined and is recommended for acceptance and approval for Final Examination.

Dr. Ricardo M. Bobadilla Instructor

Engr. Ralph M. Romero Adviser

Approved by the Committee for Final Examination:

Engr. Andres R. Dela Cueva Panel Member

Engr. Kim Carlo A. Lat Panel Member

Dr. Ryan Jeffrey P. Curbano Panel Chair Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering.

Engr. Favis Joseph C. Balinado Dean, College of Engineering and Computer Studies

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College of Engineering and Computer Studies ABSTRACT The proponents proposed to design a three-storey residential building using geotextile system foundation to give resistance to compacted soil and to reduce soil settlement. Utilization of geotextiles has been known to increase bearing capacity of soil in any kind by acting as a reinforcement, a concept similar of that to steel in concrete. Geotextiles make poor subsoil more managreable, enable constructions in areas that are unsuitable. The proponents used standards and codes from the National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP) 2015 and National Building Code of the Philippines (NBCP) in designing the project and was also assessed by applying different load factors such as seismic load, wind load, dead load and live load. The design provided by the researchers used concrete and steel (for structural members) materials to fulfill the desired safe and economical design of the three storey residential building. The factor of safety of the building was assured and corrected by designing the project using softwares such as SAFE (for foundation) and ETABS (for columns, beams and slabs). To prove the soil settlement reduction, the researchers used a geotechnical software, Dimension Solution. The architectural and structural aspects of the design project was successfully designed by the researchers. The structural stability of the soil is greatly improved by the tensile strength of geotextile. The inclusion of geosynthetic reinforcement in the structure helps transfer loads to the soil and reduce total and differential settlements. Keywords: Geotextile, Settlements, Bearing Capacity, Geosynthethics

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College of Engineering and Computer Studies ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The researchers would like to express their deep and sincere gratitude to the following people who guide and support them until the completion of the design project. The completion of this study could not have been possible without the expertise and help of them. First and foremost, praises and thanks to God, the Almighty, in giving all the wisdom, peace of mind, strength, good health that the researchers needed and for all the blessing throughout the research work in order to finish this research successfully. The researchers would also like to thank their Civil Engineering Project Professor, Dr. Ricardo Bobadilla for the patience, valuable suggestion, comments, and for checking and editing the work of the researchers. The researchers were extremely grateful to his expert, sincere guidance, encouragement and support. To Engr. Ralph Romero, the technical adviser, for guiding the researchers to produce their best work and for being available for periodic meetings and draft/performance reviews, and being a source of encouragement and support to the researchers before and after their thesis defense; to Engr. Angelo Amargo for providing technical suggestions, advise and comments for the structural materials innovation the researchers use for their design project and for sharing his knowledge, he also taught them ETABS and SAFE that helped the researchers to design the structural plans and also the researcher use this software for the analysis of structural member; and to Engr. Restituto B. Sumanga, for giving his insight in geotextile.

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College of Engineering and Computer Studies To the panelists, Engr. Andres Dela Cueva, who taught them AutoCAD and for checking their floor plans and his suggestions in their floor plan; to Engr. Mark Anthony Ramos for guiding the researchers for the right software the researchers need for their design project and for guiding their structural plans; and to Engr. Ryan Curbano for his presence during the proposal and final defense and for giving his insightful comments in our writing skills and for his suggestion that help the researchers cite their related literature reviews properly. The researchers take this opportunity to thank, Engr. Remington R. Reyes , the Engineer III

of DPWH Los, Banos, for his support and for letting the

researchers conduct the study in their area. The researchers would like to extend their immeasurable appreciation and gratitude to their relatives, classmates, friends and acquaintances, who, directly or indirectly, have lent their helping hand in this venture. Lastly, the researchers would like to thank their dearest parents who gave them their whole love, moral and financial support.

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College of Engineering and Computer Studies

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TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE ………………………………………………………....……

i

APPROVAL SHEET ………………………………………………..……..

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ABSTRACT ………………………………………………..……….…….

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

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LIST OF FIGURES ………………………………………………………

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LIST OF TABLES

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CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION ………………………………………………………

1

Review of Related Literature ………………………………………

3

Conceptual Framework ……………………………………………

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Participants of Study ………………………………………………

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Design Procedure

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Design Standards

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Introduction

Objectives of the Study 2. METHODOLOGY Research Design

Design Collection Tools

Design Constraints Design Analysis

College of Engineering and Computer Studies 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

…...……………………………

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4. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION ………………………………………………………

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Appendix A

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Appendix B

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Appendix C

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Appendix D

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Appendix E

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Appendix F

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Conclusion

Recommendation BIBLIOGRAPHY APPENDICES

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LIST OF FIGURES ………………………............

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Figure 2. Flow of the Design Project ………………………………

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Figure 3. Full Report of 3.4m by 3.4m footing …....………………

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Figure 1. Conceptual Framework

Figure 4. Ultimate Bearing Capacity Input Data for 3.4 by 3.4 Footing

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Figure 5. Uniform Soil Input for 3.4 by 3.4 footing

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Figure 6. Ultimate Bearing Capacity Output for 3.4 by 3.4 Footing …..………………………………………………

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Figure 7. Layered Cohesionless and Layered Variable Soil Output for 3.4 by 3.4 footing ………………………...….

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Figure 8. Full Report of 3.0m by 3.0m footing …....………………

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Figure 9. Ultimate Bearing Capacity Input Data for 3.4 by 3.4 Footing

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Figure 10. Uniform Soil Input for 3.4 by 3.4 footing

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Figure 11. Ultimate Bearing Capacity Output for 3.4 by 3.4 Footing …..………………………………………………

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Figure 12. Layered Cohesionless and Layered Variable Soil Output for 3.4 by 3.4 footing ………………………...….

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Figure 13. ETABS 3D Framing

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Figure 14. 1st Storey Plan View

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Figure 15. Dead Load Simulation

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Figure 16. Live Load Simulation

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Figure 17. Dead Load Displacement

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Figure 18. Live Load Displacement

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Figure 19. Flexural and Shear Details Result

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Figure 21. S-Curve …………………………………………………

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Figure 22. PERT/CPM

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Figure 20. Flexural and Shear Details 3D Result

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LIST OF TABLES …..........................

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Table 3. Minimum design dead loads used in the design project ......

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Table 4. Minimum design live loads used in the design project ......

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Table 5. Wind Load Parameters

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Table 1. Minimum/Maximum Standard Code Table 2. Occupancy Category

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Table 6. Seismic importance factor used in the design project

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Table 7. Seismic Parameters ………………………………………

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Table 8. Design Standards

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Table 9. Footing Schedule

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Table 10. Column Schedule ………………………………………

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Table 11. Beam Schedule (Longtitudinal Bars)

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Table 12. Beam Schedule (Stirrups)

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Table 13. Slab Schedule (2nd Floor)

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Table 14. Slab Schedule (3rd Floor)

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Table 15. Slab Schedule (Roof Slab)

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Table 16. Project Schedule

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Table 17. Bill of Quantities

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College of Engineering and Computer Studies Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION

Residential buildings are structures which cater and provide more than half of its floor area for dwelling purposes. Residential buildings are divided into following types – Individual houses, rooming houses, dormitories, apartments and hotels. According to the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA), construction activity in the Philippines, rose up to 21% in the last quarter of 2018. Most of the projects were residential buildings, comprising 73.9% of the total or 29,845 projects out of 40,369 construction works where the Region 4-A (CALABARZON) continued to account for the biggest share with 10,243 projects or 25.4% of total [1].

The total number of constructions in the second quarter of 2019 reached 43,394 as stated on the preliminary results of construction statistics from approved building permits presented by the Local Building Officials (LBOs) nationwide. The growth was attributed by the increases on construction of residential condominium (71.4%), other residential (60.0%), duplex/quadruplex type (48.7%) and single-type houses (12.9%) [2].

The researchers selected a dormitory, a type of a residential building for the locale Brgy. Don Jose, Santa Rosa City for the study. A dormitory, also called a residence hall or simply a “dorm", is a large building divided up into many rooms that is used for housing purposes. The city of Sta. Rosa, is a 1st class city in the

College of Engineering and Computer Studies province of Laguna. Due to the city being close to the proximity of Manila, it is an ideal place for industrial, commercial and residential uses. According to the City Assessor Office, City of Santa Rosa City, Laguna, the comparative land use for built-up areas rose up from 3.93% to 84.54% in the last 70 years leaving the Agricultural areas with 15.46% of the land use [3].

Nowadays, agricultural lands in different provinces are being developed mostly into residential, commercial and industrial uses. Agricultural lands are known to have soils with weak bearing capacity. Soils such as clays, silts and peats are weak and highly compressible by nature. These are poor subsoil that is made up of particles that have tendency to retain moisture that causes the soil to expand.

The researchers proposed an innovative solution to prevent soil settlements with geotextile system foundation. According to the American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM), a geotextile is any permeable textile material used with foundation, soil, rock, earth and other engineering related materials as part of a manmade project, structure or system. Geotextiles consist of synthetic fibers made into flexible, porous fabrics by standard weaving machinery or are matted together in a random nonwoven manner [4].

The structural stability of the soil is greatly improved by the tensile strength of the geotextile. The soil is strong in compression and the geotextile soil reinforcement has high tensile strength. This concept is similar to reinforcing steel

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College of Engineering and Computer Studies to the concrete. Geotextile materials function in a similar manner as the reinforcing steel by providing strength that helps to hold the soil in place [5].

As the time goes by the characteristics of soil varies, so to prevent settlement we can use geotextiles to separate the soils because it avoids the reduction of load bearing capacity caused by the mixing of fine-grained subgrade with the aggregate base. Traditional solutions for remedying foundation soil problems include massive overexcavation and replacement, deep foundations, or staged construction. Geotextiles make poor soil more manageable, enabling construction in places that would otherwise be unsuitable.

The researchers proposed a three-storey building with a geotextile system foundation to help the structure avoid having foundation settlement that causes cracked walls, uneven floors, window frames that are out of square and sinking foundation by improving its surrounding soils with the proposed system.

Review of Related Literature and Studies This chapter will provide an overview of the design project details such as soil problems, soil improvement, geosynthetics and geotextiles.

Many sources of uncertainty are inherent in structural design. Despite what we often think, the parameters of the loading and the load-carrying capacities of structural members are not deterministic quantities (i.e., quantities that are

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College of Engineering and Computer Studies perfectly known). They are random variables, and thus absolute safety (or zero probability of failure) cannot be achieved. Consequently, structures must be designed to serve their function with a finite probability of failure [6].

Soil is composed of finely divided rocks resting on the upper layer of the earth’s solid surface. In every place there are different type of soil, to determine the type of soil the main factor is the original substrate or rock that was divided to produce the soil, and the size of the soil particles. The common types of soil are clay, silt and sand, they all differ based on their particle size. Clay has the finest particle size while the sand has the coarsest [7].

Sand particles are relatively large and the size ranges from 0.002 inches to 0.08 inches (0.05 millimeters to 2 millimeters) in diameter, it has a large air spaces between them that causes water to run through easily. Silt has the next largest soil particle that ranges from 0.00008 inches to 0.002 inches (0.002 millimeters to 0.05 millimeters) in diameter. Silt can hold together when moist while when dry they can easily blown away by the wind. Clay has the smallest soil particles. it has a little air space between them that causes to hold the highest amount of water and keep other soil particles combined [8].

Oftentimes the stability of the soil, particularly near ground Surface, can be unpredictable. Changing conditions overtime can dramatically affect the stability of the underlying soil, thereby causing a foundation to move or settle. Such settling

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College of Engineering and Computer Studies can cause cracking and other serious damage to the founda tion walls, resulting in undesirable shifting of the Supported structure, and consequent damage to windows, doors and the like. This ultimately affects the value of the building and property upon which the building is situated [9].

In designing a foundation the conventional method is based on the concept of bearing capacity. Bearing capacity is the ability of soil to support or hold up a foundation and infrastructure. The soils ultimate bearing capacity is the loading per unit area that will cause shear failure in the soil. Allowable bearing capacity also called as the “design” bearing capacity is the loading per unit area that the soil is able to carry without unsafe movement. The allowable bearing capacity is equal to allowable load multiplied by the area of contact between foundation and soil. The allowable bearing capacity is equal to the ultimate bearing capacity divided by the factor of safety that ranges from 2.5 to 3 that is commonly applied to the value of ultimate bearing capacity [10].

Structures built on soil are subjected to settlement, some possible causes of settlement are dynamic forces, changes in the groundwater table and adjacent excavation. The major cause of settlement is compressive deformation of soil because it results from reduction in void volume, associated by rearrangement of soil grains and compression of the material in the voids. When the soil is dry, its voids are filled with air that may lead to rapidly rearrangement of soil grains but

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