Structural-Theory-Reviewer: Third Year Civil Engineering PDF

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Structural Theory First Semester, Third Year...

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W1: Loads on Structures 1. Intro to Structural Analysis 2. Analytical Model 3. Structural Systems for Transmitting Loads INTRO TO STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS Structural analysis - determination of the effects of loads on physical structures and their components. Structure - refers to a system of connected parts used to support a load Engineer must account for its safety, esthetics, and serviceability, while taking into consideration economic and environmental constraints. The loadings are determined from codes and local specifications, and the forces in the members and their displacements are found using the theory of structural analysis Structural Elements Tie Rods - subjected to tensile force Beams - used primarily to carry vertical loads and design to resist bending moments. Columns - resist axial compressive loads. Beam column - subjected to both an axial load and a bending moment.

Types of Structures Structural System - combination of structural elements and the materials from which they are composed. 1. Trusses - triangular fashion Planar trusses - lie in the same plane Space trusses- have members extending in three dimensions

2. Cables and Arches - span long distances Cables – flexible & carry their loads in tension Arch - achieve its strength in compression 3. Frames - composed of beams and columns that are either pin or fixed connected. - This structure is generally “indeterminate” from a standpoint of analysis. - Subjected to axial, shear and moment loadings 4. Surface Structures- made up of material having a very small thickness compared to its other dimensions. Thin plates or shells - Surface structure may also be made of rigid material such as reinforced concrete. STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS FOR TRANSMITTING LOADS Framing systems or Frameworks - two or more of the basic structural types are assembled together to form a structural system. Structural members - components of assemblage Floor System – rectangular grids of beams & girders Tributary area - portion of the slab area whose load is carried by a particular member One-way slabs (L/s≥2) - supported on two sides, and bend only in one direction like wide beams. Two-way slabs (L/s...