Structure and reactivity of the carbonyl group PDF

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Structure and reactivity of the carbonyl group . Characteristic chemical reactions with medico-biological importancefor aldehydes , ketones and quinones...

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№ 29.

STRUCTURE AND REACTIVITY OF THE CARBONYL GROUP. CHARACTERISTIC CHEMICAL REACTIONS WITH MEDICO-BIOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE FOR ALDEHYDES, KETONES, AND

1

H

H C

1

O

C

2

H O

3

C

R' O

C

4

Formaldehyde is usually taken as a reference. Any substituent replacing H atoms in formaldehyde that

O

2

to about 50% conversion, and hexafluoroacetone is completely hydrated. Addition of alcohols – formation of hemiacetals, hemiketals, acetals, and ketals. Aldehydes and

R'

sp2

H

H+

R'

3

R' N-substituted imine

R''

The intermediate undergoes dehydration (elimination of water) to yield the product of the reaction, an N-

4

The oxidation of ketones requires stronger oxidizers and much more harsh

O C

5

Na Cr O / H+ CH3CH2CH2COOH + HOOCCH3

using quinone-hydroquinone interconversion. This redox reaction in coenzyme Q is a key component of the electron

6

-2 O +2

-2 OH +1...