structured programming in APP PDF

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Scheduled Editing System planning is a paradigm based on improving the clarity and quality of programs through subroutines, block structures and loops (temporarily) and does not encourage the use of goto statement. History Overview Component Presentations in different languages (C, C ++, Java, pytho...

Description

Scheduled Editing • System planning is a paradigm based on improving the clarity and quality of programs through subroutines, block structures and loops (temporarily) and does not encourage the use of goto statement. 1. History 2. Overview 3. Component 4. Presentations in different languages (C, C ++, Java, python) 1. History The Böhm-Jacopini theory, also called the structured theorem, stated that doing work is possible by combining small systems in only three ways: • Making one plan, and one sub-program (sequence). • Using one of two systems according to the value of the Boolean expression (selection). • Uses a small system until the Boolean saying is true (repetition) • Some of the languages that used the formal method were originally ALGOL, Pascal, PL / I and Ada. • By the end of the 20th century, conceptual programming concepts were widely used and the original programming languages now lacked (FORTRAN, COBOL and BASIC). Now, it is possible to create a custom program in any programming language (Java, C ++, Python ). 2. Overview Systematic planning was defined as a method used to reduce complexity using: 1. Low problem-solving analysis: -

The bottom line analysis involves solving the problem and giving instructions for each step. When building a solution is complex, the correct approach is to divide the major problem into a few minor problems and tasks. 2. Modular layout of system structure and layout: Modular editing is the process of editing program instructions. Large programs are divided into smaller sections called modules, subroutines, or subprograms. Each subroutine has a specific function. 3. Fixed code for individual modules: Systematic encoding is related to the division of modules into a set of commands organized within control structures. The control structure describes how a set of commands are applied. Statements within a particular control structure are made: • sequence - describes how controls are used. They are arranged in the order in which they are listed. • Conditions - allows you to choose which set of controls to use. Based on the situation required, one set of commands is selected while the others can be executed. • Repeatedly - allows the same controls to be repeated. Recurrence stops when it meets certain conditions or creates a specified number of repetitions 3.Part • 3.1 Structograms - a visual representation of a structured program (Flowchart). • 3.2 Subroutine - Subroutine is a sequence of system commands that are grouped together to perform a specific task. • 3.3 Block-Block is a component of coded code that contains one or more declarations and statements (eg: {….}

• 3.4 Retreat - Another common feature of a formal layout is the retrospective style used in the block to display system structure. In most programming languages, reversing is not a requirement but when used, the code is easy to read and follow. • 3.5. Control structure - sequence, selection and multiplication Element • Structograms or Nassi – Shneiderman - a picture of a systematic representation. • Structograms can be compared to flowcharts. • Nassi – Shneiderman's drawings do not represent the goto statement • Structograms use the following diagrams: 1.process blocks - Process blocks represent simple actions and do not require analysis. Actions are performed block by block 2.block blocks There are two types of branch blocks - True / False or Yes / No and multiple branch blocks. 3.Tracks for testing Test loops allow the system to repeat one or more processes until the condition is met. There are two types of test loops - check first and then check the last blocks - and the sequence of steps is what makes them different. The advantages of a formal program are: • Programs are written easily and quickly. • Systems are highly reliable. • Programs require less time for debugging and testing. • Easy to maintain systems.

Control structure - sequence, selection, repetition and multiplication. (example control structure) Repetition: Recursion "; a statement is made on repeated calls until the conditions for disconnection are met. Although in operation it is similar to duplicate loops, duplicate loops may work best with a computer, and are used differently as an explosive stack. Control Structure - DECISION (PYTHON) • Decision-making statements in planning languages determine the direction of the flow of planning. The decision-making statements found in the python are: if the statement: It is used to determine whether a particular statement or block statement will be used or not, that is, if a particular situation is true and then a statement block is used in another way. Syntax: if the situation: # Statements to be made if # the situation is real • if..some statements: We may use another statement if the statement has issued a code block if the situation is false. Syntax: if (status): # Uses this block if # the situation is real

other: # Uses this block if # the condition is false • nest nest if statements Python allows us to make a nest when the statements are in when the statements. that is, we can set if one statement within another if a statement. Syntax: if (condition1): # Works when condition1 is true if (condition2): # Works when condition2 is true # if Block ends here # if Block ends here if-elif-another ladder • Here, the user can decide between multiple options. If statements are made from top to bottom. As soon as one of the conditions dictates that if it is true, a related statement when it is made, and the whole ladder passes. If none of these conditions apply, Syntax: Syntax: if (status): statement elif (status): statement other:

• a final statement will be made Conditional Disclosure Conditional sentence checks the sentence based on the context. Conditional language is expressed using or associated with speech Syntax: expression if Boolean saying - another saying Repetition - Loops • Python has two classic loop commands: • while traps • loops Time Loop • Over time we can make a set of statements as long as the situation is real Leave statement With a break statement we can stop the loop even if the timing is true: Ongoing statement With an ongoing statement we can stop the current recurrence, and proceed with the following: Another Statement • Alternatively we can use the code block once the situation is no longer true: Traps • A loop A is used for repetition in sequence (i.e. list, tuple, dictionary, set, or character unit).

• This is similar to a keyword in other programming languages, and serves as a repetition method as found in other object-focused editing languages. • With a loop we can use a set of statements, as well as each item in the list, tuple, set etc. Open with Cord • Even the character unit is controllable, it contains the sequence of letters: Leave statement With a break statement we can stop the loop before it goes into all things: Ongoing statement With an ongoing statement we can stop the current duplicate of the loop, and proceed to the following: Scope () Function • To unlock a set of code a certain number of times, we can use the scope () function, • The scope () function returns the sequence of numbers, from 0 by default, to increments by 1 (by default), and ends at a certain number. • Width () function varies by 0 as the first value, however it is possible to specify the first value by adding a parameter: width (2, 6), meaning values from 2 to 6 (but excluding 6): • Width () function is automatically adjusted to increase sequence by 1, however it is possible to specify an additional value by adding a third parameter: width (2, 30, 3): More on Loop

• Another key word in the loop specifies the code block to be used when the loop is complete: Loops have a nest A loop with a nest is a loop inside a loop. • The "inner loop" will be used simultaneously for each repetition of the "outer loop" Note: What does it mean in formal language? • C is called systematic programming language because in order to solve a major problem, C-programming language divides the problem into smaller modules called individual tasks or processes that each carry a specific load. A problem-solving program is a collection of such tasks Examples of edited programming languages are C, C +, C ++, C #, Java, PERL, Ruby, PHP, ALGOL, Pascal, PL / I and Ada What is a random programming language? • Informal planning is a systematic process - statements are made in the correct order. But this type of system uses goto statement. The goto statement allows control over the transmission anywhere else in the system. ... This means that it is often difficult to understand the concept of a system. Examples of informal programming language JOSS, FOCAL, MUMPS, TELCOMP, COBOL...