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a study guide for a cahpter​ on cognitive communication disorders...

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STUDY GUIDE

Define the following terms: articulatory-kinematic

motor programming

auditory-perceptual exam

motor planning

tone

flaccid dysarthria

hypokinetic dysarthria

spastic dysarthria

hyperkinetic dysarthria

ataxic dysarthria

UUMN dysarthria

dysarthria

apraxia

dystonia

hypotonia

basal ganglia

cranial nerves

upper motor neuron

lower motor neuron

corticobulbar tract

strained-strangled voice

paralysis

paresis

Study Guide Questions: 1. What cranial nerves are most important for speech production? a. 5/12 paired cranial nerves are specifically related to speech. 1. List the sites of lesion for each dysarthria type. a. UMN’s, LMN’s, cerebellum, and/or basal ganglia/ 1. Explain the two salient features used to describe symptoms of dysarthria. a. Neuromuscular functioning b. Auditory perceptual speech characteristics i. They effect the tone, strength, range of motion, speed, steadiness, and accuracy of speech. 1. What types of dysarthria are associated with Parkinsonism, ALS, Huntington’s disease, Guillain–Barre syndrome, and bilateral cerebral stroke? a. Hyperkinetic, flaccid, and spastic dysarthria 1. List common perceptual speech characteristics associated with flaccid, spastic, and ataxic dysarthria. a. Consonant production (Imprecise/weak/distorted/prolonged) b. Vowel production (distorted/weak/prolonged) c. Irregular articulatory breakdown d. Rate of speech impairment (slow/variable/fast) e. Silences or prolonged pauses f. Short rushes of speech g. Stress impairment (reduced/excess and equal) h. Short phrases i. Aphonia j. Loudness impairment (reduced/excess/monoloud) k. Pitch impairment (reduced range/low pitch/monopitch)

l. m. n. o. p. q. r. s. t. u. v. w. x. 1. a. b. c.

Hoarseness Strained-strangled voice Harsh voice Tremor or other involuntary movements Inhalatory stridor Breathiness Gasping for air Short phrases Monoloud Audible inspiration Hypernasality Nasal emission Hyponasality Explain the three major speech characteristics of AOS. Effortful trial and error with groping Abnormal rhythm, stress and intonation Inconsistent articulation errors on repeated speech productions of the same utterance

1. List three ways that apraxia of speech and dysarthria are different from each other. List one way they are similar. a. Dysarthria i. Lesion in UMN, LMN, basal ganglia, or cerebellum ii. Can affect all speech subsystems iii. Muscle impairment is present for both speech and nonspeech tasks b. Apraxia i. Lesion in left cerebral hemisphere ii. Can affect all speech subsystems; however, articulatory & prosody are most impaired iii. Can be present in the absence of muscle impairment for nonspeech tasks; no paralysis c. 1. Explain the purpose of an oral mechanism exam. a. It allows the SLP to conduct an auditory perceptual assessment of speech. 1. Compare and contrast auditory-perceptual, acoustic, physiological, and imaging assessment procedures. a. Auditory perceptual allows the SLP to conduct an auditory perceptual assessment of speech.

b. Acoustic measurements allow the clinician to calculate objective

measurements of the acoustic characteristics of speech. c. A physiological examination is often reserved for research purposes, because the time, expertise, and expense required to conduct physiological measures are prohibitive. d. Visual imaging methods include procedures to visualize parts of the articulatory system or phonatory system that are difficult to see without instrumentation. 1. Why is EBP important for professionals in CSD? a. to guide service provision in which each arm of the triangle represents a

core principle of EBP: 1) clinical expertise/expert opinion, 2) external scientific evidence, and 3) client/patient/caregiver perspectives. 1. What are the differences between the articulatory-kinematic approach and the rate/rhythm approach to treatment of acquired AOS?

articulatory-kinematic approaches focus on the movements of articulation, specifically, the temporal and spatial aspects of the movements of speech sound production. b. rate/rhythm approaches focus on the word, phrase, and sentence level of speech production. a.

1. List examples of each treatment approach for dysarthria (restorative, compensatory, supplementation, substitution). a. Restorative - strength training drills b. Compensatory - palatal lift c. Supplementation - alphabet board d. Substitution - speech generating device 1. List five treatment strategies found to be effective based on EBP guidelines for the management of dysarthria. a. Palatal lift b. Modify speech behavior c. Speech supplementation d. Alternative communication devices or strategies e. Restorative treatment 1. List three treatment strategies found to be effective based on EBP guidelines for the management of apraxia of speech. a. Articulatory - kinematic b. rate/rhythm

c. Behavioral intervention Integrate Your Knowledge In Chapter 3 you learned about speech sound disorders, including articulation and phonological disorders. In the current chapter you learned that motor speech disorders are also associated with articulatory errors; in other words, that characteristics of speech disorders can be similar. What key differences would help you differentiate between an articulation disorder, a phonological disorder, dysarthria, and apraxia? In Chapter 4 you learned that developmental language disorders can have an expressive component. How are the characteristics of a developmental expressive language disorder different from dysarthria? In Chapter 5 you learned about stuttering. Do you think stuttering could also be called a motor speech disorder? Describe the characteristics of stuttering that are similar to some of the motor speech disorders described in this chapter. In Chapter 6 you learned about hearing disorders. How would you change/modify treatment strategies for apraxia if your client also had a hearing loss?...