Summary Notes (Introduction to the Male Genitalia and Rectum) PDF

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SUMMARY NOTES Introduction to the Male Genitalia and Rectum I.

External Genitalia Penis

✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓

✓ Scrotum

✓ ✓

✓

✓ ✓

II.

The penis is the male reproductive organ. The penis has a role in both reproduction and urination. Attached to the pubic arch by ligaments, the penis is freely movable. The penile shaft is composed of three cylindrical masses: - 2 corpora cavernosa - Corpus spongiosum (Extends distally to form the acorn-shaped glans) The base of the glans, or corona, is somewhat larger as compared to the shaft of the penis. Foreskin/ Prepuce - A hood-like fold of skin which covers the glans for uncircumcised man Urethra - Found in the center of the corpus spongiosum - Travels through the shaft and opens as a slit at the tip of the glans (Urethral meatus) Frenulum - A fold of foreskin that extends ventrally from the urethral meatus The scrotum is a thin-walled sac that is suspended below the pubic bone, posterior to the penis. It contains: - Sweat glands - Sebaceous glands - Rugae (Folds of skin) - Cremaster muscle Functions: - Protective covering of the testes, epididymis, and vas deferens - Helps maintain cooler-than-body temperature for production of sperm (less than 37°C) Cremaster muscle - Helps to the scrotum to maintain temperature control - The cremaster muscle is sensitive to changes in temperature Cremasteric Reflex - The muscle contracts when too cold, raising the scrotum and testes upward toward the body for warmth - Causes the wrinkled appearance of the scrotal skin - When the temperature is warm, the muscle relaxes, lowering the scrotum and testes away from the heat of the body. - When the cremaster muscle relaxes, the scrotal skin appears smooth.

Internal Genitalia Testes

✓ Internally the scrotal sac is divided into two portions by a septum, each portion containing one testis. ✓ The testes are a pair of ovoid-shaped organs, similar to the ovaries in the woman, that are approximately 3.7 to 5 cm long, 2.5 cm wide, and 2.5 cm deep. ✓ Tunica Vaginalis - A serous membrane that covers the testes - Separated the testis from the scrotal wall - Double layered and lubricated to protect the testes from injury ✓ Functions: - Produce spermatozoa - Produce testosterone

NCM 101: Health Assessment

Topic: Assessment of the Male Genitalia and Rectum Prepared By: K. Abuan

Spermatic Cord

III.

✓ The testes are suspended in the scrotum by a spermatic cord. ✓ The spermatic cord on the left side is usually longer; thus the left testis hangs lower than the right testis. ✓ Secretions from the vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and Cowper’s (or bulbourethral) glands mix with the sperm and form semen. ✓ It contains: - Blood vessels - Lymphatic vessels - Nerves - Vas deferens/ Ductus deferens ✓ Vas deferens - Transports spermatozoa away from the testis - A firm, muscular tube that is continuous with the lower portion of the epididymis. - It travels up within the spermatic cord through the inguinal canal into the abdominal cavity. - Provides the passage for transporting sperm from the testes to the urethra for ejaculation. ✓ Epididymis - A comma-shaped, coiled, tubular structure that curves up over the upper and posterior surface of the testis. - It is within the epididymis that the spermatozoa mature. ✓ Ejaculatory duct - Empties into the urethra within the prostate gland

Inguinal Area

✓ ✓ ✓ ✓

The nurse needs to be familiar with the inguinal or groin area. Assess for hernias (protrusion of loops of bowel through weak areas of the musculature) The inguinal area is contained between the anterior superior iliac spine laterally and the symphysis pubis medially. Inguinal Canal - Runs diagonally between the anterior superior iliac spine and symphysis pubis. - A tube-like structure (4–5 cm or 1.5–2 inches long in an adult) through which the vas deferens travels as it passes through the lower abdomen. ✓ External inguinal ring - The exterior opening of the inguinal canal, which can be palpated above and lateral to the symphysis pubis. - It feels triangular and slit-like. ✓ Internal inguinal ring - Internal opening of the inguinal canal. - It is located 1 to 2 cm above the midpoint of the inguinal ligament and cannot be palpated. ✓ Femoral Canal - Potential spot for a hernia. - Located posterior to the inguinal canal and medial to and running parallel with the femoral artery and vein. IV.

Anus and Rectum

✓ Anal canal - The final segment of the digestive system. - It begins at the anal sphincter and ends at the anorectal junction (also known as the pectinate line, mucocutaneous junction, or dentate line). - It measures from 2.5 cm to 4 cm long. - It is lined with skin that contains no hair or sebaceous glands but does contain many somatic sensory nerves, making it susceptible to painful stimuli. - The anal canal proceeds upward toward the umbilicus. ✓ Anal opening/ Anal verge - Can be distinguished from the perianal skin by its hairless, moist appearance. - Extends interiorly, overlying the external anal sphincter ✓ External Sphincter - Composed of skeletal muscle and is under voluntary control. ✓ Internal Sphincter - Composed of smooth muscle and is under involuntary control by the autonomic nervous system. ✓ Intersphincteric Groove - Dividing the two sphincters. ✓ Anorectal Junction - Located just above the internal sphincter, not palpable, but may be visualized during internal examination. NCM 101: Health Assessment Topic: Assessment of the Male Genitalia and Rectum...