Summary Recreational Sport Programming - Chapters 1, 2, 4, 5, 7-15, 17-19 PDF

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chapters 1, 2, 4, 5, 7-15, 17-19 Spring Semester 2014 - Professor Nicole Philen - Spring Semester 2014 - Professor Nicole Philen - Spring Semester 2014 - Professor Nicole Philen - Spring Semester 2014 - Professor Nicole Philen - Spring Semester 2014 - Professor Nicole Philen - Spring Semester 2...

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Natalie Tyson Sport Management 290 Chapter 1 Summary Introduction Terms used to describe recreational sport include: physical activity, recreational programming, intramural sport, physical recreation, and athletics. Basic Concepts The four key subjects within recreational sport include health, leisure, recreation, and sport.  Health: a state of physical, mental, and social well-being that might also include spiritual practices. o Mental health: the measure of an individual’s emotional and psychological well-being and how he or she is able to use cognitive and emotional capabilities to function in society. o Physical health: the status of bodily parts and functions that allow an individual to navigate his or her environment efficiently and effectively.  Leisure: unobligated time spent participating in activities of personal interest. o Can be categorized into two broad categories: qualitative and quantitative.  Recreation: voluntary activity that created a diversion from work, encompassing a broad variety of activity. o Social activity: fosters congenial, noncompetitive participation among people sharing a common interest. o Cultural activity: provides opportunities for individuality, creativity, and self-expression. Examples include art, dance, drama, music, and literary, mental and linguistic activities. o Outdoor activity: any leisure activity experienced in the outdoors, including hiking, camping, mountain climbing, spelunking, rafting, backpacking, cycling, boating, skiing, and snow sledding. o Garden activity: activities focus on planning, implementing, and maintaining a plot where herbs, fruits, flowers, or vegetables are cultivated. o Fitness activity: main goal is to improve physical health. Examples include jogging, cycling, swimming, and walking. o Faith-based activity: based on religious or spiritual practices. Examples include weekly worship services, choir practice, soup kitchens, and international mission trips. o Hobby activity: a leisure activity involving a personal interest. Examples include collecting, constructing, or pursuing objects of special interest.

o Special-events activity: activities that involve a change of page in a unique or nontraditional format. May be short term, ongoing, or seasonal and include fairs, concerts, and open houses. o Sport activity: ranges from a child’s frolic and play to an athlete’s vigilance in preparing for the Olympics to an executive creating a healthy lifestyle through sport participation to an adolescent watching sports on television. A Unifying Description Sport is playing cooperative-competitive activity in the game form.  Playing: describes the expectation that evolves out of human emotion in sport.  Cooperative-Competitive: establishes the idea of involvement in sport as being cooperative and competitive. Both terms are part of all sport, although one may have greater emphasis at any given time.  Activity: represents the unique mental and physical process each person brings to sport. o Psychomotor process: union of the mind and body.  Game Form: describes the format, structure, and props of sport. Has rules and regulations, strategies, facilities, and equipment. o Separates sport from other cooperative-competitive activities such as dance, music, art, and drama. Leisure Sport The combination of leisure and sport. Examples:  Educational Sport: part of an extremely broad, comprehensive system of education that includes subjects such as history, math, reading, and science.  Recreational Sport: prospered largely through volunteer systems committed to the principle of sport for all and enthusiasm for sport participation in the pursuit of one’s positive health for the sake of fitness and fun. o Five program delivery areas: instructional sport, informal sport, intramural sport, extramural sport, and club sport.  Athletic Sport: emphasizes rivalry, winning, and community bonding through participation and spectatorship.  Professional Sport: system where the very best are brought together to compete at the highest level for financial gain. Conclusion  Future of recreational sport will be determined by its positioning within the overall role of health, leisure services, and sport.

Natalie Tyson Sport Management 290 Chapter 2 Summary Introduction Recreational sport has been presented as a viable aspect of society, having a function unique from other areas of recreation and sport. Evolution The National Intramural-Recreational Sport Association professionalized the existence and meaning of recreational sport.  Extensiveness o Sport programming represents 60-80% of total recreational offerings and represents a strong job market. Program Delivery Areas Five different program delivery areas:  Instructional Sport: at the base of the spectrum because learning about different sports is fundamental to all forms of participation. o Usually provided for a fee by instructors who teach participants sportspecific skills, techniques, strategies, rules and regulations. o Three levels: beginner, intermediate, and advanced.  Informal Sport: often not recognized as “real” sport activity, has little to no structure and is completely self-directed.  Intramural Sport: consists of sport contests, tournaments, leagues, and other events where participation is limited. o Only those within the setting may participate (school, business, community, military base). o Participation is tremendous.  Extramural Sport: an extension of intramural sport involving intramural champions from different agencies competing to determine an overall winner. o Almost always outside agency administration.  Club Sport: at the top of the recreational sport spectrum and is the least participatory form of involvement. o Participants and their leaders desire more than just having fun; they seek structured contests where winning is important to everyone who participates. Mission and Goals Considering all of the different program areas together reveals two fundamental missions that embody recreational sport: service and development.  Service: there are two general approaches that demonstrate the underlying goals of the service mission: positive experiences and profit.  Human Development: a significant mission for recreational sport is to deliver sport activity in such a way as to foster developmental principles, giving the field professional meaning by making a significant contribution to society.

Participation Classified as either passive or active; passive is the spectator aspect of sport while active is more involved and requires trained leadership. Participants Recreational sport takes on a special role as it serves participants of all ages, experiences, or abilities. Delivery Centers The different delivery centers where leisure activities are produced also demonstrate the role of recreational sport as a specialization.  City or Community: participation may involve family units, employment systems, and schools, all of which aim to promote a positive lifestyle through well-planned and well-delivered leisure activity.  Educational: put significant effort into teaching sport, providing sport opportunities as a recreational outlet or as an expression of athletic entertainment.  Military: some of the finest indoor and outdoor sport complexes are on military bases; the idea of recreational sport meeting leisure needs, physical conditioning, and training is a high priority for military leadership.  Correctional: sport activity is popular in correctional facilities and in many instances is part of the rehabilitation effort to help inmates adjust when they reenter society.  Private Clubs: provide a variety of recreational options for their members and membership is usually limited based on a facility’s capacity and one’s ability to fit in financially.  Nonprofit: organizations such as the YMCA and YWCA, Boys & Girls Clubs, Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts provide recreation to their community.  Commercial: entrepreneurs have established sole proprietorships, partnerships, and corporations to provide specific sports such as golf, racquetball, squash, tennis, swimming, bowling, boating, and fishing.  Corporation: many corporations create special recreation opportunities that simulate employee health, morale, and productivity.  Natural Environment: extensive facilities accommodate activities such as skiing, boating, camping, hiking, swimming, and white-water rafting.  Vacation: resorts and hotels often offer a variety of accommodations beyond lodging and food, including sport facilities, sport pro shops, and tours. Significance The individual, the community, the environment, and the economy can all benefit through improved quality of life, increased family cohesion, reduced crime, enhanced environment, reduced health care expenses, increased work productivity, and increased property value. Conclusion Recreational sport specialists create experiences with purpose and meaning that make a difference for everyone they serve.

Natalie Tyson Sport Management 290, Section 2 Chapter 4 Summary Introduction This chapter focuses on the concern of physical inactivity as a critical public heath issue in the United States, as well as outlines physical activity initiatives and physical activity guidelines for Americans. Sedentary America One in four Americans do not participate in leisure time activity, causing physical inactivity to be the fourth leading risk factor for global mortality.  Obesity Epidemic o Obesity has become one of the greatest public health concerns, affecting people of all ages living in all parts of the world, making it a global epidemic. o Obesity rates continue to rise and 129.6 or 64% of Americans are overweight or obese. Economic Consequences of Physical Inactivity U.S. expenditures on obesity are around $117 billion annually.  The Need for a Physically Active America – The Benefits of Physical Activity o On average physically active people had lower annual direct medical costs compared to inactive people. o Physical activity makes an impact on the predicted rise in chronic diseases as the population ages. o Fitness: the ability to meet the ordinary and usual demands of daily life without being overly fatigued and still have energy left for recreational sport participation. o Health: the state of complete positive well-being beyond the absence of illness and disease. o Wellness: the sustained, intentional effort to achieve optimal health and the highest potential for well-being in physical, emotional, mental, social, environmental, occupational, and spiritual dimensions of life. o Key benefits include: better health, improved fitness, better posture and balance, higher self-esteem, weight control, stronger muscles and bones, feeling more energetic, relaxation and reduced stress, and continued independent living in later life. Physical Activity Guidelines Guidelines recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Sports Medicine in 1995 reflected a change in perspective on exercise, fitness, and physical activity by shifting the focus from intensive vigorous exercise of health-enhancing physical activities.  Children and Adolescents o Strong evidence suggests activity for children and adolescents improves cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness, bone health, and

cardiovascular and metabolic health biomarkers and also contributes to favorable body composition. o Recommended 60 or more minutes of physical activity daily for ages 6-17.  Active Adults o Strong evidence suggests regular physical activity for active adults and older adults lowers risk of early death, coronary heart disease, stroke, high blood pressure, adverse blood lipid profile, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, colon cancer, breast cancer, and weight gain and contributes to weight loss, improved cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness, prevention of falls, reduced depression, and better cognitive function.  Active Older Adults o Recommendations are the same as for active adults, but also focus on aerobic and muscle-strengthening physical activity. Recreational Sport Participation Through recreational sport individuals can improve their health and help ward off illnesses, all while having fun doing it.  Components of fitness o Physical, emotional, and mental heath  Physical fitness  Commonly associated with performing exercises, but many other sport programming options exist.  Health-related components of fitness  Cardiovascular endurance, muscular endurance, muscular strength, flexibility, and body composition. o Performance-related components of fitness:  Agility, power, coordination, speed, reaction time, and balance. Program Delivery Awareness of the benefits of regular exercise and sport activity does not guarantee participation; people need encouragement.  Indirect Delivery: Recreation and leisure application and places fitness as a benefit of the recreational sport experience. The participants are motivated by fun, socialization, and the outcome of participation. Includes instructional, informal, intramural, extramural, and club sport.  Direct Delivery: Represents a physical education and kinesiology application that influences fitness outcomes through direct supervision.

Natalie Tyson Sport Management 290 Section 2 Chapter 5 Summary Introduction Chapter 5 goes into depth about the rewards of being a recreational sport professional and the developmental and learning opportunities you can provide to participants, volunteers, and staff. A Developmental Approach Educators and practitioners sought to prove the contributions sport makes to the four areas of human development: physical, mental, emotional, and social.  Increases cardiovascular fitness and lung capacity; improve endurance; maintain or increase muscle mass; improve flexibility, balance, and coordination; and improve immune system functioning.  Decreases stress, anxiety, and depression and improves memory and problem solving.  Creates a sense of control over one’s body and a sense of accomplishment.  Helps build social support systems. Influencing Development Recreational sport specialists influence the development of participants, volunteers, and paid workers in two ways. One way is through providing active, experiential opportunities, and the other is through roles that build leadership skills.  Experimental Learning: A developmental approach through experiential learning includes active sport participation as well as the total environment.  Staff Influence: Staff members can have a positive influence on development when they are sensitive to and appreciative of those involved and provide quality programs based on participant needs and interests.  Sport Activity: A common goal for all recreational sport specialists is to provide suitable, well-balanced sport experiences.  Rules and regulations: Rules and regulations that promote equity and satisfaction among participants contribute to development.  Governance: Another type of developmental experience occurs when program participants are invited to serve on governance boards, committees, or councils.  Progression: A number of roles and responsibilities in program delivery can have a developmental influence upon those who are involved.  Evaluation: Recreational sport involvement creates many opportunities for individuals to measure or judge their own abilities.  Recognition: Can involve point systems, awards, and public awareness that foster development by encouraging participation. Learning and Recreational Sports Exercise improves learning on three levels: 1) optimizes the mind-set to improve alertness, attention, and motivation, 2) prepares and encourages nerve cells to bind to one another, which is the cellular basis for logging in new information, and 3) it

spurs the development of new nerve cells from stem cells in the hippocampus. The six learning outcomes identified by Fink:  Foundational knowledge, application, integration, human dimension, caring, and learning how to learn. Collegiate Recreational Sports and Learning Benefits The traditional focus on student development in student affairs and collegiate recreational sports is being broadened to include a learning outcomes approach to the profession.  Officiating: employment as an intramural official is a common experience for many college students and others involved with intramural and extramural sports.  Club Sport Participation: research shows the outcomes include intellectual growth, effective communication, realistic self-appraisal, enhanced selfesteem, clarified values, career choices, leadership development, healthy behaviors, meaningful interpersonal relationships, independence, collaboration, social responsibility, satisfying and productive lifestyles, appreciation of diversity, spiritual awareness, and achievement of personal and educational goals.  Leadership Skills: leadership skills represent an outcome that merits further discussion because of its natural association with recreational sports.  Club Sport Officers: significant responsibility is placed on elected officers to each club sport to run the organization.  Volunteers: several opportunities including governance boards, committees, councils, judicial boards, and club sport officers; all of which provide roles and responsibilities that can have a developmental influence on student leaders. Group Leadership Skills Creating situations where participants and workers can influence a group to perform properly and progress involves the responsibility to be in charge of a group. Five different leadership experiences to foster group leadership skills:  Getting started, forming relationships, sound communication, facing challenges, and providing reinforcement.

Natalie Tyson Sport Management 290 Section 2 Chapter 7 Summary Introduction This chapter focuses on Instructional Sport, the area of recreational sport that provides knowledge and skills that lead to positive participation. Systems of Delivery The systems of Delivery are educational, recreational, athletic, and professional.  Educational: this approach to learning about sport relies on the formal academic process.  Recreational: this approach to instructional sport is present in private clubs, military bases, municipal centers, churches, and industrial/commercial recreational facilities.  Athletic: this approach to instructional sport focuses on the margin of excellence, or participants “being the best that they can be”. Goal is to gain as much skill/knowledge as possible and success is often measured by wins and losses or other standards or performance.  Professional: this approach to learning sport is probably the most visible system. Coaches and athletes are often paid large amounts of money for their involvement. Types of Instruction There are 3 types of instruction sessions where sport is delivered as a learning experience.  Lesson: geared toward individuals or small groups and take the form of private and semiprivate sessions. One of the most popular types of instructional sport and are delivered in all settings by certified teaching professionals.  Clinic: systems that allow a large number of individuals to learn about a sport. Number of participants depends on the instructor’s ability and resources available to meet the demand. Usually scheduled to meet once of twice a week for an hour or so over 4 to 8 weeks.  Workshop: similar to a clinic but is usually a one-time experience. Can last from an hour up to a full day and participants experience instruction on a particular area of a sport of an entire sport. Levels of Instruction Instructional sport programs level of instruction are influenced by sport, participant age, and ability.  Beginner: basic information about a sport is fundamental and necessary to learn. Individuals starting a sport from the very beginning must learn the basic fundamentals.  Intermediate: once participants have grasped certain sport skills, rules and regulations, and experience, they may be determined as intermediate, or able to participate with a good amount of satisfaction.

Advanced: lessons refine skills, enhance overall ability, and deal with sport details at the highest level. Assessing Credentials Screening applicants is essential to an organization because instructor...