Syllabus FOR ME 130-1 PDF

Preview

Summary

Syllabus...

Description

SYLLABUS FOR ME 130 FLUID MECHANICS FOR MECHANICAL ENGINEERS Prepared by: Reynaldo S. Principe Contact information: [email protected], cell phone 09283406616 Course Description: This is a first course in Fluid Mechanics. It is intended to introduce the laws of mechanics to fluids, both stationary and in motion. It is assumed that the student has completed basic differential and integral calculus, and the pre-requisite physics and solid mechanics courses. It is also essential that the student has adequate preparation in the calculus of ordinary and partial differential equations. The required background in the mathematics of vector analysis is meshed with the various topics discussed in the course. The other mathematics skills required, such as the solution of systems of equations, least squares curve fitting, which arise naturally in the course, are also introduced on a “as-needed” basis, particularly as applied to the use of widely available computer software, although formally should be taken in a separate course in numerical methods and computer analysis for mechanical engineering applications. Microsoft Excel is used as a platform for various numerical calculations. The properties of fluids are covered in the first part. Students are to be trained in utilizing existing tables, charts, and algebraic correlations to obtain appropriate fluid properties used in the analyses of fluid processes. The concept of the fluid continuum is explained, and an introduction to dimensional analysis is given to stress to the student the significance of the Reynolds number and other dimensionless parameters that may be encountered in fluid processes. The topic of the thermodynamics of the ideal gas is discussed to ensure adequate material coverage. The second part starts with a discussion of the geometric representation of fluid motion in orthogonal coordinate systems, and the combined scalar and vector fields that such motion involves. Vector algebra is reviewed. The discussion continues to hydrostatics, pressure measurement, and manometry. Properties of the standard atmosphere are also discussed here. The coverage of hydrostatics continues to the subject of plane and curved surfaces immersed in fluids. The calculation of plane section properties by numerical integration is described here, for use in geometries with no available formulas in the tables. Vector calculus and the “del” operator are discussed next to properly present the concept of the pressure gradient, and the gradients of scalar fields in general. This is followed by the mechanics of acceleration fields applied to stationary and moving bodies of fluids. This section is ended with a discussion of bouyancy, and an introduction to the stability analysis of floating and immersed simple bodies that is very important in marine and naval hydrodynamics. The NEMOH public domain boundary element code used in the computer analysis of complex 3D floating structures in marine hydrodynamics is introduced by an example. The ANSYS finite element code for general mechanical engineering modeling and meshing is also introduced to the extent feasible.

The third part delves into fluid kinematics, a description of the dimensionality of fluid flows, introduction to various types of flows, and the behavior and characteristics of flowing Newtonian fluids. Bernoulli’s equation with its applications is introduced, followed by the control volume approach concept and the Reynolds Transport Theorem. These are used to present the development of the integral form of the conservation equations for mass and momentum. This part ends with a presentation of the conservation equations in differential form. This form is introduced to provide basic understanding of the essential background for the study of Computational Fluid Dynamics or CFD, Aerodynamics, and Advanced Fluid Mechanics in more advanced courses. The fourth part starts with a discussion of the integral form of the energy equation, so vital to the analysis of combined fluid flow and heat transfer systems. The relationship of the head loss to the energy equation is shown, and practical examples of the application of the energy equation are presented. The latter half of this part gets into topics of fluid flow metering with differential pressure devices which derive primarily from Bernoulli’s equation and the concept of head loss. These devices are dependent primarily on simple static pressure measurements, both for incompressible and compressible fluids. This type of flow meter is typically the simplest option available to the instrumentation or test engineer, such that its utility is now standardized by various organizations engaged in fluid handling. The fifth part is typically the last part covered in the course. It extends the application of the energy equation to the design and analysis of general piping systems, from the sizing, pressure distribution, and mass flowrate distribution point of view. This skill is essential in process engineering practice in various industries. As a requirement for this topic, the concepts of laminar and turbulent fluid behavior in internal flow systems (pipes and conduits) are adequately discussed. Again, the approach is to close this part with an emphasis on the computerization of the analytical methods taught in the topics covered, at least in the Excel spreadsheet framework. If time is available, the course would proceed to a sixth part, introducing ideal inviscid flow, or potential flow theory, at least for 2-D flows. For mechanical engineering practice, this approach leads to the student’s preparation for continuous learning of the subject, as the topic is to be encountered again but more extensively in the more advanced courses of Aerodynamics, Advanced Fluid Mechanics, Marine Hydrodynamics, and Ocean Engineering. The topic of potential flow is of higher import to mechanical engineering practice than open channel flow, and both usually cannot be covered with the 10-week calendar of a 3-unit course. However, the latter is sufficiently discussed in the reference texts, such that the enterprising student can study the subject with no difficulty, after learning the background material in this course.

Expected course calendar: Weeks 1 and 2: Liquids and Gases, Continuum Fluid, Review of Units, Topics in Dimensional Analysis, Buckingham Pi Theorem and Common Pi Groups, Fluid properties, Ideal Gas Law, Viscosity, Bulk Modulus of Elasticity, Surface Tension, Vapor Pressure, Excel Calculations for Curve Fitting Viscosity Data Weeks 2 and 3: Quiz 1. Hydrostatics, Pressure Variation with Elevation, Manometers, Review of Vector Algebra, Forces on Plane Surfaces, Forces on Curved Surfaces Weeks 4 and 5: Quiz 2. Review of Vector Calculus, Pressure Field Gradient, Bouyancy, Stability of Immersed and Floating Bodies, ANSYS and NEMOH introduction, Descriptions of Fluid Motion, Fluid Kinematics, Acceleration, Rotation, Angular velocity and Vorticity, Bernoulli’s Equation with applications Weeks 6: Quiz 3. Discuss Volume and Mass Rates of Flow, the Control Volume Approach and Reynolds Transport Theorem, the Continuity and Momentum Conservation in Integral Form, and the Navier-Stokes Equations. Week 7: Quiz 4. Energy Equation General Form, Energy Equation for Pipe Flow, Comparison with Bernoulli’s Equation, Hydraulic and Energy Grade Lines Week 8: Flow through Orifices, Nozzles, and Flow Metering, Venturi Discharge Coefficient calculation by flow simulation using the ANSYS FLUENT code Week 9: Quiz 5. Classifying Internal Flows, Laminar Flow of Liquid in a Round Tube and other cross sections, Pipe Sizes, Pipe Head Loss, Darcy-Weisbach Head Loss Equation, Friction Factor, Loss Coefficients of Piping Components Week 10: Turbulent Flow of Liquid in a Round Tube and other cross sections, Moody Friction Chart, Application of the Energy Equation and Head Loss concepts to Piping Networks with various components. Week 11: Finals – Internal Flows in Pipes and Piping Systems

Weights and evaluation: 5 Quizzes

75%

Final Exam

15%

Homework and Assigned Computer Calculations

10%...