Table Hepatitis Types A through E PDF

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Summary

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Description

Hepatitis Type: Cause

A

B

C

D

E

Transmitted primarily by the fecal-oral route; may be spread by the anal-oral route and, rarely, parenterally, Ingestion of contaminated food, milk, or water

Hepatitis B virus (HBV), through blood, saliva, semen, and vaginal secretions (mostly through sexual contact, sharing needles, syringes, or other drug injection equipment) or from mother to baby at birth

Blood transfusion Sexual contact Parenteral means: Sharing contaminated needles, unintentional needlesticks

Infection occurs in some cases with Hep B (must have Hep B in order to get Hep D); common with IV drug users, hemodialysis, recipients of blood transfusion

Consumption of food or beverages that are contaminated with feces. Poor water quality.

Prevention

Wash your hands after going to the bathroom, Get the hepatitis A vaccine, Pay attention to food safety

vaccination, not sharing needles, practicing safe sex

no sharing needles, safe sex practices

Proper filtration systems for drinking water, good sanitation, boiling water before consumption, washing food (fruits, vegetables) before consumption

Clinical manifestations

Flu-like, upper respiratory tract symptoms Feeling tired Epigastric distress, nausea, heartburn, flatulence Having no appetite (anorexia)

Fever, fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, dark urine, clay-colored stool, joint pain, and Jaundice

Safe sex practices (condom) Avoid needle sharing (IVDU) Safe needlestick med administration (Healthcare workers) Screening blood for transfusions Similar to Hepatitis B; increase risk of liver disease

like hepatitis B, but more likely to develop fulminant hepatic failure, and to progress to chronic active hepatitis and cirrhosis

Fatigue, poor appetite, stomach pain, nausea, jaundice (almost always present)

Antiviral medication

Interferon alfa (high-dose, longduration for at least a year)

No antiviral therapies. Supportive care is essential (rest, adequate nutrition and fluids, avoid alcohol, check with a physician before taking any medications that can damage the liver- acetaminophen).

Aversion to cigarettes (taste, smell) and other strong odors Fever higher than 100.4°F (38°C

Management

Observe standard precautions to prevent disease transmission. Provide rest periods during the day. Cluster activities to minimize energy expenditure; gradually increase activity, as tolerated. Frequent, small feedings as tolerated Supplement with IV fluids, if necessary Apply antiembolism stockings or sequential compression stockings to the hospitalized patient to prevent VTE.

Acute hepatitis B is supportive treatment depending on their symptoms For people with chronic infection, several antiviral medications are available

Avoid alcohol and medications that could affect the liver.

Prognosis

Home care

It can take a few months to feel better. Most people are completely better within 6 months of getting infected. Hepatitis A does not lead to lifelong liver problems.

Ask your doctor what you need to do when you go home. Make sure you ask questions if you do not understand what the doctor says. This way you will know what you need to do. Take all of your drugs exactly as the doctor has ordered. You may want to use an alarm or talking pillbox to help you remember to take each dose on time. Never stop taking your drugs or change the dosage without asking your doctor first.

Most people have short term illness, and some can be long term chronic infection that can lead to cirrhosis or liver cancer Risk for chronic infection is related to age. 90% of infants with hep. B can develop chronic infection, whereas only 2-6% of adults who get hep b become chronically infected Most adults develop antibodies and fully recover in 6 months.

Most common chronic bloodborne infection nationally, though many of those infected are not aware of the disease; increases incidence of liver transplantation needs

Supportive measures, proper nutrition

Medication compliance

Positive prognosis with early identification and treatment

Patients usually recover completely, overall case-fatality rate is around 1%. 10-30% in pregnant women in 3rd trimester.

stay home for 30-150 days after exposure, interferon compliance

Supportive treatment- adequate rest, adequate nutrition/hydration, do not drink alcohol, take medications as prescribed.

Increases risk of cirrhosis and liver cancer Curable with medication compliance for up to six months...