TDS 1 assignment - hope it helps PDF

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Dual technology Intro: As technology in security is a growing investment in the world we live in, individuals are relying on the technology to protect and detect from any adversaries (Safewise.com, n.d.). Sensor technology would be placed in areas that would react to any abnormal situation.e.g. Unlawful acts, which would cause the alarm system to be triggered (Safewise.com, n.d.). The problem with using an individual sensor is that it can cause a lot of false alarms due to the products vulnerabilities, for e.g. animals, weather and even fluorescent lights can trigger alarms (DiLouie, 2008). As a result, too many alarms being triggered by an individual sensor, they have created a 2 in 1 sensor called, dual technology sensor, which has microwave sensor and Passive Infrared sensor (DiLouie, 2008). To trigger the alarm both sensors has to go off (DiLouie, 2008). Internal or external, all dual technology sensors have an underlying principle concept (Security Electronics and Networks, 2011). Understanding the Dual technology sensors vulnerabilities and strengths. Investigating and recommending different types of internal dual technology sensors detectors and their efficiency in a security purpose. 1) Presenting Dual technology detectors The masses in our society use Security and protection systems to protect an asset against a range of hazards, this can be anything from thieves, fire, accidents, sabotage, and attack (Safewise.com, n.d.). For an alarm to be triggered it must be detected as a hazard. A detector analysis the data from the two sensors and will take an appropriate action (Intermatic.com, n.d.). Dual technology sensors normally use two types of sensors. Passive-infrared-PIR and microwave sensors, the point of the two sensors are to work together to eliminate false alarms, avoid any weakness and vulnerabilities (DiLouie, 2008). There are also other types of sensors like, Temperature Sensor, Proximity Sensor, Accelerometer, Pressure Sensor, Light Sensor, and Ultrasonic Sensor (Ravi, n.d.). Passive and active sensors Dual technology detector use active and passive sensor. Active sensors are sensors which sends light wave length or electrons which would bounce of the objects around it providing data. For e.g. while a person walks into a motion sensor it would detect it from waves bouncing off the moving person and resulting in the alarms being triggered (Fennelly, 2012).

Passive sensors are sensors that reacts to vibrations, light, radiation, and heat example when a person enters a room which has a passive infrared sensor, the PIR would detect the person from its thermal heat because passive sensors react to light radiating from a physical object (Whittal, 2017).

Understanding the effect of passive and microwave sensors is an important factor in deciphering the efficacy of Dual Technology detector. Also assessing the vulnerability and strengths with in the detector. To understand the efficacy of a dual technology detector, the underlying principle must be considered (Security Electronics and Networks, 2011). The main sensors in a dual technology detectors are passive and microwave. The logic function of a dual technology sensor will be dissected as well as the strengths and vulnerabilities of the dual technology detectors that underlies the principle (Fennelly, 2012). Logic and function of dual technology detectors. The logic functions within a dual technology detector has a mathematical and electronic system that reacts whether or not a false or positive value should be sent to the pivotal system. In a scenario, dual technology detector would take an appropriate action,E.g. triggering the alarm for an intruder(Fennelly, 2012). This is where both sensors (microwave and PIR) are needed to avoid any false alarms (Fennelly, 2012). The principle works only when both sensors with in the dual technology detector gets triggered or sparked at the same time to cause an alarm (Fennelly, 2012). This links up with the AND logic theory which states two or multiple events has to occur for an output event. The electronic system would then switch depiction of a AND function as shown in diagram 3.

As seen in the diagram above for a dual technology detector to trigger the alarm, both A and B switches needs to be triggered. The importance of knowing and understanding the AND function, this function is critical and relates to the efficacy because the underlying principle influences the strength and vulnerabilities of the detectors.

Microwave and infrared sensors. As introduced before most dual technology detectors use a Microwave and a passive infrared sensor. There’s also different types of interior dual technology sensors, which includes sensors like, photoelectric, ultra-sonic (noise and radio) etc (Ada, 2014). The microwave sensor is an active sensor that work in a physic manner called Doppler Effect(Fennelly, 2012). The Doppler Effect is about how waves can change going through different objects(Fennelly, 2012). The microwave send waves constantly around a room. If a human or a moving object enter the space, the wave form would trigger the sensors, a sample of a microwave sensor would be the FMS-13500 360˚ Microwave Sensor (Design, n.d.). In the other hand, a passive infrared sensor don’t send wave signals to catch intruder. It simply detects infrared radiation compared to the original radiation and temperature of the facility. A real life example would be 02 Outdoor Motion Sensors 750 Infrascan Series (Clipsal.com, n.d.).

Strengths of a Dual technology detectors As mention before, Passive Infrared and microwave sensors are commonly used in the dual technology sensors. The strengths and vulnerabilities needs to be discussed to give an appropriate recommendation. The first strength of infrared sensors are that they are good for the environment, a low power drainage when installed with no energy emission and has a low false alarm rates(Security Electronics and Networks, 2011). Also PIR can be hidden really well due to its size (Security Electronics and Networks, 2011). Microwaves can be very environmentally safe by simply turning off the non-occupied areas lights (Security Electronics and Networks, 2011). Microwave sensors also have a wide range up to 120 meters and can detect movement through walls and objects. When it comes to servicing, the microwave only needs one service to last a life time (Security Electronics and Networks, 2011). Lastly the microwave can be used in harsh environments unlike other detectors. Microwaves cannot interfered from a difference to climax, which can overcome the disadvantages of a PIR. Overall when the two sensors merge together as a unit, it reduces their vulnerabilities. For example, a microwave sensor can scan the area by sending wave lengths while the PIR sensors would verify by the infrared radiation heat sensors so the alarm would be triggered only when both sensors are triggered avoiding any false alarms(Fennelly, 2012).

Vulnerabilities of dual technology detectors When it comes to security no device can be 100% fool proof, the vulnerabilities of a dual technology detector has to be assessed for an accurate recommendation. Passive Infrared sensor has vulnerabilities and disadvantages (Security Electronics and Networks, 2011). Passive infrared sensors only Receives infrared radiations and beams but unfortunately they don’t spread and aren’t transmittal (Ada, 2014). If the PIR could transmit it would make the sensor more effective (fenelly, 2012). Most infrared sensors are very pricey to buy, resulting the devices placement is critical. Moving to the vulnerabilities/ disadvantages of a microwave sensor is that, microwave sensors can be very vulnerable working by itself causing false alarms being triggered (Security Electronics and Networks, 2011). Slight moves of vibration of an object like a curtain, chair can cause the alarm being triggered (Security Electronics and Networks, 2011). They also work in intervals making them vulnerable to any intrusion (Security Electronics and Networks, 2011). Microwave sensors are very sensitive to, animals, small fast moving objects and even fluorescents light can trigger the alarm (Security Electronics and Networks, 2011. The main vulnerability to a dual technology detector is that both sensor has to be tripped in a time frame to trigger the alarm (Fennelly, 2012). This is because of the AND Function if an intruder can avoid or delay a sensor then the alarm wouldn’t get triggered because both sensor has to be spark for the pivotal detector to trigger the alarm.

Recommendation As proven, sensors that work individually can cause a huge disadvantage compared to two sensors working together (dual technology detector). Passive infrared sensor working independently can be vulnerable a real life example is that a person can wear a suit or holding an object that reflects the body heat which can beat a PIR system. But if there was another sensor like a microwave sensor which would detect the person’s movement due to its micro wave signals and triggering the alarms system(Security Electronics and Networks, 2011. The AND function has positives and negative it is still better than running just an individual sensor(Fennelly, 2012). A solution is to add another different type of sensor so there is three different types of sensors but only need two sensors to trigger the alarm. Overall a dual technology sensor should be picked over an individual sensor to reduce false alarms and economically for a business. Conclusion Overall the efficacy of a dual technology detector is that it’s a great security system for a facility. Which is very efficient compared to an individual sensor which can be vulnerable. In conclusion the detector is effective for it purpose causing less false alarms being triggered and protecting an asset compared to an individual sensor.

References Ada, L. (2014). How PIRs Work PIR Motion Sensor | Adafruit Learning System. Retrieved from https://learn.adafruit.com/pir-passive-infrared-proximity-motion-sensor/howpirs-work Clipsal - 750WPR - Motion Infrared Sensor Sensor, 10A, 3 Wire, Outdoor, Grey. Retrieved from https://www.clipsal.com/Trade/Products/ProductDetail?CatNo=750WPR Design, U. 360˚ Microwave Sensor MATelec Australia. Retrieved from http://www.matelecaustralia.com.au/electrical-accessories/sensors-and-kwh-meters/motionsensors/360-microwave-sensor DiLouie, C. (2008). Occupancy Sensors: Passive Infrared, Ultrasonic and DualTechnology - Facility Management Lighting Feature. Retrieved from https://www.facilitiesnet.com/lighting/article/Occupancy-Sensors-Passive-InfraredUltrasonic-and-Dual-Technology-Facility-Management-Lighting-Feature--9608 Fennelly, l. (2012). Effective physical security (4th ed.). not identified: ButterworthHeinemann. PIR and Microwave Detectors Compared mySmart. Retrieved from http://shop.mysmart.com.au/pir-and-microwave-detectors-compared/ Ravi. (2018). What is a Sensor? Different Types of Sensors, Applications. Retrieved from https://www.electronicshub.org/different-types-sensors/ Ravi. What is a Sensor? Different Types of Sensors, Applications. Retrieved from https://www.electronicshub.org/different-types-sensors/ Security Electronics and Networks. (2011). Intrusion Sensors: PIRS or Dual Technology. Retrieved from https://securityelectronicsandnetworks.com/articles/2011/10/23/intrusion-sensors-pirs-ordual-technology/ What Is a Security System and How Does it Work?. Retrieved from https://www.safewise.com/home-security-faq/how-do-security-systems-work What’s the Difference Between PIR and Dual Technology Occupancy Sensors? Intermatic. Retrieved from https://www.intermatic.com/en/newsroom/applicationssolutions/2017/whats-the-difference-between-pir-and-dual-technology-occupancy-sensors Whittal, C. (2017). Microwave vs PIR Sensors: Which do you need? - Green Lighting. Retrieved from https://www.greenlighting.co.uk/blog/2017/08/08/pir-vs-microwave-sensorsneed/...