TERM ONE - PHA 006 SESSION ONE(informatic) PDF

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Summary

the study of bestpractices form information accrual, handling, dissemination and comprehension by using any appropriate technology.thisstudy deals with the subset of informatics relevant to the practice of pharmacy. This then, intersects with other 2 subdisciplines of information science that have a...

Description

PHA 006 (PHARMACY INFORMATICS)

aim to understand the biologic significance of variety of data.

the study of best practices form information accrual, handling, dissemination and comprehension by using any appropriate technology.

defined by the ASHP as the important subset of medical informatics in which the pharmacists uses their knowledge of information systems and medication use processes to improve patient care by ensuring that new technologies lead to safer and more effective medication use.

this study deals with the subset of informatics relevant to the practice of pharmacy. This then, intersects with other 2 subdisciplines of information science that have a longer history.

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use of information science and technology to advance medical knowledge and improve quality care and health system performance by the AMIA (American Medical Informatics Association). field

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that

sprang from the human genome project. defined as the scientific discipline encompassing all the aspects of biologic information acquisitions, processing, storage, analysis and distribution and interpretation that combines the tools and technology of mathematics, computer science and biology to

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The model was based on the idea that pharmacist must use information and technology skills to integrate information about drugs and information about the patient-related issues from a variety of sources in order to achieve patient centered care. This model was composed of:

PHA 006 (PHARMACY INFORMATICS)

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Primary Literature and Electronic Information Resources Hospital and Pharmacy Information Systems Pharmacokinetics Pharmacogenomics

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Medication Safety Electronic Health Records Decision Support Systems Practice of Evidence-Based Medicines

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Effective Literature and Web Search Skills Understanding of Database Controlled Vocabularies Needed for Interoperability Between Systems and for Optimal Searching of Some Databases

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managements, processing, prescription label generation, pharmacy billing and workflow. § Mid-1990s – internet began to be recognized as an expedient source of some medical and pharmaceutical information § Late-1990s – saw an important pharmacy innovation from a small company in San Diego, California.  Pyxis introduced products for automated and controlled medication dispensing and pharmaceutical supply management. § EHR (Electronic Health Record) – is perhaps the single most important component of medical and pharmacy informatics.  EHR provides different advantages in providing continuous care for patients: Accessibility, Legibility and Use of Discrete Data.

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§ Late 1970s and early 1980s – emerge of intranets /Intranets: internal computational networks that started to allow these computers to communicate. § Early 1990s – information technology began a slow adoption within the prescription

Making records available through applications distributed on desktops across an enterprise linked to a central server or suing Internet based app. Patient data became available at any time and any location w/o a need for medical records file rooms and file clerks and thereby diminishing the specter of a lost record.

PHA 006 (PHARMACY INFORMATICS) Application Level Interfaces -

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High degree of variability in provider handwriting has often been identified as among the root causes of medication errors. EHR circumvents this by using a typewritten interface and by limiting the kinds of data that are allowed to be encoded. Accomplished by restricting the range of alphanumeric values that can be used to prevent keying errors.

Forcing the use of discrete data elements in representation of the elements of history, medical problems, medications and even social history documentation, the record allows for aggregation of data across populations and the creation of association with other findings such as laboratory values or radiological findings.

Health Level-7 (HL7) – provides a framework and related standards for the exchange, integration, sharing and retrieval of electronic health information.

Level Seven – refers to the seventh level of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) seven layer communications model for Open Systems Interconnections (OSI) which was the application level.

– directly to and performs common applications services for the application processes.

OSI Model (Open Interconnection) –

System

remains valuable as a place to begin the study of network architecture.

HL7 Standards

– support clinical practice and the management, delivery and evaluation of health services and are recognized as the most commonly used in the world. - Encompasses the complete life cycle of the standards specification including the development, adoption, market recognition, utilization and adherence.

ICD-9-CM (International Classification of Diseases and its Clinical Modifications – usually managed the diagnoses and also serves as the “ lingua france” of diagnostic terms.

PHA 006 (PHARMACY INFORMATICS) ICD Classification

(International of Diseases)

Universe of diseases, disorders, injuries and other related health conditions, listed in a comprehensive, hierarchical that allows for: o Easy storage o Retrieval and Analysis of Health Information for Evidence-Based DecisionMaking o Sharing and Comparing Health Information between Hospitals, Regions, Settings and Countries. o Data Comparisons in the same location across different time periods. - Foundation for the identification of health trends and statistics globally and the international standard for reporting diseases and health concerns. - The diagnostic classification standard for all clinical and research purposes.

ICD10

– includes monitoring of the incidence and prevalence of diseases, observing reimbursements and resource allocation trends and keeping track of safety and quality guidelines. - Includes the counting of deaths and diseases, injuries, symptoms, reasons for encounter, factors that influence health status and external causes of disease.

North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA)/ Nursing Outcomes Classifications (NOC)/ Nursing Interventions Classifications (NIC) – most broadly deployed, to provide structure to nursing documentations at the bedside which was schema of problem catalogs of the expected outcomes and the interventions to achieve those outcomes were developed.

National

Drug

Codes

- a dictionary that US Food and Drug Administration used, but then this was a Manufacture-driven not a specific to drug dose and route.

Proprietary Drug Databases

– with attached clinical decision support information such as checking drug-allergy interaction and drugdrug interaction which most hospitals systems rely on for commercially prepared.

SKU (Stock Keeping Unit)

– another important component drug database maintenance which was also scannable barcode and most often seen in printed on product labels in a retail store....