Test 1 20 April 2019, questions and answers PDF

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400138 (Autumn 2019) Pathophysiology 1 Assessment Review Test Submission: Quiz 1Review Test Submission: Quiz 1User Moji Seyedi Course 400138 (Autumn 2019) Pathophysiology 1 Test Quiz 1 Started 20/04/19 3:19 PM Submitted 20/04/19 4:48 PM Status Completed Attempt Score45 out of 50 points Time Elapsed1...

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4/20/2019

Review Test Submission: Quiz 1 – 400138 (Autumn 2019) ...

400138 (Autumn 2019) Pathophysiology 1

Assessment

Review Test Submission: Quiz 1

Review Test Submission: Quiz 1

User

Moji Seyedi

Course

400138 (Autumn 2019) Pathophysiology 1

Test

Quiz 1

Started

20/04/19 3:19 PM

Submitted

20/04/19 4:48 PM

Status

Completed

Attempt Score

45.00000 out of 50.00000 points

Time Elapsed

1 hour, 29 minutes

Instructions This quiz contains multiple choice questions with one correct response each. You can stop at any time and come back to continue at a later time, as many times as you want. Time is unlimited but bear in mind that after you submit the quiz you will be unable to come back to it. Results Displayed

All Answers, Submitted Answers, Correct Answers, Incorrectly Answered Questions

Question 1

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Obstructive airway disease is characterised by Selected Answer: Answers:

E. ↓ FEV1/VC, ↑ lung volumes, ↓ flow rate A. ↓ FEV1/VC, normal lung volumes, ↑ flow rate B. ↑ FEV1/VC, ↓ lung volumes, ↓ flow rate C. normal FEV1/VC, ↑ lung volumes, ↓ flow rate D. ↓ FEV1/VC, ↓ lung volumes, ↓ flow rate E. ↓ FEV1/VC, ↑ lung volumes, ↓ flow rate

Question 2

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One of the basic mechanisms for cardiogenic shock is Selected Answer: Answers:

C. loss of venous return to the heart A. increased cardiac work secondary to volume overload B. loss of arteriolar tone C. loss of venous return to the heart D. inadequate plasma volume E. disorganised contraction of myocytes

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Question 3

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Which of the following is a diagnostic finding consistent with heart failure? Selected Answer: Answers:

D. reduced ejection fraction on ultrasonography A. presence of ventricular ectopic beats on ECG B. increased pO2 in blood C. positive D-dimer blood test D. reduced ejection fraction on ultrasonography E. reduced cardiac creatine kinase level in blood

Question 4

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Bronchiectasis Selected Answer: Answers:

B. is mostly due to obstruction and infection A. is manifested by copious amounts of sterile sputum B. is mostly due to obstruction and infection C. is always associated with abnormal structure of cilia D. is not associated with tubercle bacillus E. is due to reversible bronchial dilation

Question 5

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What causes the expanded anteroposterior thoracic diameter (barrel chest) in patients with emphysema? Selected Answer: Answers:

D. excessive air trapping in alveolar spaces A. loss of elasticity of the chest wall B. accumulation of air in the pleural cavity C. increased peak expiratory flow rate D. excessive air trapping in alveolar spaces E. compression on the lungs by the diaphragm

Question 6

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Which of the following would be particularly characteristic of chronic bronchitis? Selected Answer: Answers:

B. fibrosis of the bronchial wall A. formation of bullae on the lung surface B. fibrosis of the bronchial wall C. accumulation of IgE in airway walls D. marked dilations of bronchi

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E. decreased activity of the mucous glands

Question 7

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Which of the following is not a para-neoplastic syndrome associated with lung carcinoma? Selected Answer:

E. thrombocytosis A. Eaton-Lambert (myasthenic) syndrome

Answers:

B. migratory thrombophlebitis C. ectopic ADH secretion D. dermatomyositis E. thrombocytosis

Question 8

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Which of the following statements is false? D. atelectasis is irrevesible

Selected Answer: Answers:

A. atelectactic parenchyma is prone to developing superimposed infections B. loss of pulmonary surfactant results in atelectasis C. tension pneumothorax is a form of compression atelectasis D. atelectasis is irrevesible E. atelectasis is a very common complication of anaesthesia

Question 9

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Which of the following shows the correct decreasing order of frequency of distribution of atherosclerosis? Selected Answer:

E. abdominal aorta > coronary arteries > popliteal arteries > internal carotid arteries

Answers:

A. femoral vein > popliteal vein > pulmonary veins > descending aorta B. renal arteries > hepatic artery > cerebral arteries > pelvic arteries C. pulmonary arteries > inferior vena cava > superior vena cava > femoral arteries D.

cerebral arteries > femoral arteries > mesenteric arteries > coronary arteries E. abdominal aorta > coronary arteries > popliteal arteries > internal carotid arteries https://vuws.westernsydney.edu.au/webapps/assessment/review/review.jsp?attempt_id=_17298318_1&course_id=_28634_1&content_id=_4052… 3/14

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Question 10

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Pericarditis could cause a reduction in cardiac output as a result of which of the following? Selected Answer:

C. excess fluid in the pericardial cavity, which decreases ventricular filling

Answers:

A. delays in the conduction system, interfering with normal cardiac rhythm B. incompetent valves, which allow regurgitation of blood C. excess fluid in the pericardial cavity, which decreases ventricular filling D. weak myocardial contractions due to friction E. myocardial ischaemia due to widespread atherosclerosis

Question 11

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Which of the following statements about chronic bronchitis is not correct? Selected Answer: Answers:

B. it is mediated by type I hypersensitivity reaction A. it is characterised by reduced FVC B. it is mediated by type I hypersensitivity reaction C. unlike asthma it does not respond well to bronchodilators D. it can coexist with emphysema E. it can lead to right ventricular failure

Question 12

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The most common cause of death immediately following a myocardial infarction is Selected Answer: Answers:

D. ventricular fibrillation develops A. aortic valve fails permanently B. hypovolaemic shock develops C. blocked coronary artery bursts D. ventricular fibrillation develops E. parasympathetic stimulation depresses the SA node

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Question 13

The main difference between unstable angina (UA) and myocardial infarction (MI) is that Selected

D

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Answer:

uppon resolving, UA does not leave myocardial necrosis behind

Answers:

A. atherosclerosis is involved in development of MI but not UA B. unlike MI, UA does not present with chest pain C. unlike MI, UA shows no abnormal changes in ECG D. uppon resolving, UA does not leave myocardial necrosis behind E. cardiac troponins are elevated in UA but not in MI

Question 14

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In myocardial infarction an irreversible injury to myocardial cell will have occurred when which of the following cellular changes develop? Selected Answer: Answers:

E. nuclei undergo karyorrhexis A. glycogen stores are depleted B. intracellular pH increases C. cellular oedema occurs D. cytoplasmic sodium level increases E. nuclei undergo karyorrhexis

Question 15

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The most common site of lodgement of arterial throboemboli is Selected Answer: Answers:

C. lower limb A. kidney B. heart C. lower limb D. spleen E. brain

Question 16

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Varicose ulcers are generally slow to heal because of Selected Answer: Answers:

B. arterial blood supply to the area is decreased A. stenotic venous valves block flow of venous blood B. arterial blood supply to the area is decreased C. reduced oxygenation of blood in the lungs D. venous atherosclerosis reduces venous blood flow E. arterial vasodilation in the area

Question 17

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t f 1 00000

i t

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Question 17

Review Test Submission: Quiz 1 – 400138 (Autumn 2019) ...

1.00000 out of 1.00000 points

Pathophysiologically constrictive pericarditis would increase Selected Answer: Answers:

E. diastolic pressure in the right ventricle A. systemic blood pressure B. cardiac output C. left ventricular stroke volume D. size of the ventricular chambers E. diastolic pressure in the right ventricle

Question 18

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What happens with intrapleural pressure in pneumothorax? Selected Answer: Answers:

D. it becomes equal to/greater than alveolar pressure A. it becomes lower than alveolar pressure B. it does not change from physiologic C. it becomes negative D. it becomes equal to/greater than alveolar pressure E. it becomes lower than atmospheric pressure

Question 19

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Acute phase reaction of asthma occurs does not include Selected Answer: Answers:

C. epithelial inflammation & damage A. mucus hypersecretion B. bronchoconstriction C. epithelial inflammation & damage D. contraction of bronchial smooth muscle E. release of histamine

Question 20

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All of the following are consequences of pulmonary embolism except Selected Answer: Answers:

E. acute airway obstruction A. pulmonary hypertension B. reduced haemoglobin saturation with oxygen C. right ventricular strain D. lung infarction E. acute airway obstruction

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Question 21

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Which of the following descriptions is consistent with pleuritic pain? Selected Answer:

A. unilateral, sharp, stabbing pain worse on inspiration/coughing

Answers:

A. unilateral, sharp, stabbing pain worse on inspiration/coughing B. deep, dull and poorly localised retrosternal pain C. constant, severe, crushing, substernal pain D. burning, scalding pain that radiates into the throat E. tightness, heaviness or constriction in the chest

Question 22

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One mechanism by which smoking irritates the airways and leads to chronic bronchitis is Selected Answer: Answers:

C. induction of goblet cell hyperplasia A. stimulation of mucus gland atrophy B. suppression of cough reflex C. induction of goblet cell hyperplasia D. degranulation of mast cells E. decreased activity of metalloproteinase enzymes

Question 23

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Which of the following statements about hypercapnia in COPD is false? Selected Answer:

A. Can occur in COPD patients given high flow supplemental oxygen

Answers:

A. Can occur in COPD patients given high flow supplemental oxygen B. It is also referred to as CO2 retention C. Presents with tachycardia, headaches, drowsiness and confusion D. Can be detected on pulse oximeter E. Causes respiratory acidosis

Question 24

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Ground glass appearance on chest X-ray could occur in Selected Answer: Answers:

B. idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis A. mesothelioma B. idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

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C. unilateral pleural effusion D. pneumothorax E. bronchopneumonia

Question 25

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Why does cor pulmonale develop with chronic pulmonary disease? Selected Answer:

A. pulmonary fibrosis and vasoconstriction increase vascular resistance

Answers:

A. pulmonary fibrosis and vasoconstriction increase vascular resistance B. demands on the left ventricle are excessive C. thrombosis occurs in pulmonary circulation D. too much blood comes back from the lungs E. the right ventricle pumps more blood than the left ventricle

Question 26

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All of the following can produce restrictive lung condition except Selected Answer: Answers:

E. restrictive cardiomyopathy A. chronic extrinsic allergic alveolitis B. pneumoconiosis C. muscular dystrophies D. idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis E. restrictive cardiomyopathy

Question 27

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Which of the following is a manifestation of closed pneumothorax? Selected Answer:

A. asymmetrical chest movements

Answers:

A. asymmetrical chest movements B. decreased respiratory rate C. increased breath sounds on the affected side D. presence of fluid in alveoli on the affected side E. prominent wheezing on the affected side

Question 28

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Hypertrophic cardyomyopathy would be suggested when https://vuws.westernsydney.edu.au/webapps/assessment/review/review.jsp?attempt_id=_17298318_1&course_id=_28634_1&content_id=_4052… 8/14

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Selected Answer:

C. LV hypertrophy occurs in the absence of a clear cause for hypertrophy

Answers:

A. there is concentric hypertrophy of the LV B. there is increased thickness of the fibrous pericardium C. LV hypertrophy occurs in the absence of a clear cause for hypertrophy D. ventricular chambers enlarge for no clear reason E. there is increased thickness of atrial and not ventricular muscle

Question 29

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The most common haemodynamic mechanism of pulmonary oedema is Selected Answer: Answers:

E. increased pulmonary capillary hydrostatic pressure A. increased vascular permeability in the lungs B. lymphatic obstruction in the lungs C. decreased pressure in pulmonary circulation D. increased blood colloid-osmotic pressure E. increased pulmonary capillary hydrostatic pressure

Question 30

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Features that help differentiate benign from malignant tumours include all of the following except Selected Answer: Answers:

C. the number of mitoses A. the degree of both morphological and functional differentiation of the cells B. the number of cells per unit area C. the number of mitoses D. the presence or absence of a capsule E. the formation of multinucleate giant cells

Question 31

1.00000 out of 1.00000 points

Endocarditis in iv illegal drug users typically

Selected Answer: Answers:

C. is caused by Staph aureus A. is a complication of poorly treated streptococcal pharyngitis B. has a better prognosis than other causes of endocarditis C. is caused by Staph aureus

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D. is caused by Candida albicans E. is associated with effusion into the pericardial cavity

Question 32

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One complication of emphysema is Selected Answer: Answers:

B. spontaneous pneumothorax A. systemic hypertension B. spontaneous pneumothorax C. pleural effusion D. pulmonary oedema E. pulmonary fibrosis

Question 33

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______________ would suggest that pulmonary infarction has occurred during pulmonary embolism? Selected Answer: Answers:

B. Sharp pleuritic pain A. Positive D-dimer in blood B. Sharp pleuritic pain C. Reduced saturation of haemoglobin D. Shortness of breath E. Distended neck veins

Question 34

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Reduced urine output in cardiac failure is not a consequence of Selected Answer:

A. stimulation of atrial natriuretic factor release

Answers:

A. stimulation of atrial natriuretic factor release B. reduced glomerular filtration C. activation of renin-angiotensin system system D. stimulation of aldosterone release E. renal hypoperfusion

Question 35

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In acute inflammation, vasodilation and increased vascular permeability are followed by which of the following processes? Selected Answer: Answers:

C. exudation A. embolism

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B. reduced net filtration pressure C. exudation D. congestion E. thrombosis

Question 36

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The biggest problem in ventricular fibrillation is Selected Answer: Answers:

D. absence of cardiac output A. pulmonary congestion B. increased risk for DVT/PE C. increase in systemic blood pressure D. absence of cardiac output E. backflow of blood from LV to LA

Question 37

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Which of the following mechanisms could be responsible for angina due to coronary vasoconstriction? Selected Answer:

B. stimulation of cholinergic receptors

Answers:

A. stimulation of adrenergic alpha1 receptors B. stimulation of cholinergic receptors C. bradycardia D. decreased level of glycogen in myocardial cells E. hypercapnia

Question 38

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All of the following are recognised complications of long-term hypertension except Selected Answer:

A. deep leg vein thrombosis

Answers:

A. deep leg vein thrombosis B. cerebra...