Test 3 quizlet - test 3 study guide PDF

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amalgamation

the process by which a minority group and majority group combine to form a new group

assimilation

the process by which a minority individual or group takes on the characteristics of the dominant culture

colorism

the belief that one type of skin tone is superior or inferior to another within a racial group

culture of prejudice

the theory that prejudice is embedded in our culture

discrimination

prejudiced action against a group of people

dominant group

a group of people who have more power in a society than any of the subordinate groups

ethnicity

shared culture, which may include heritage, language, religion, and more

expulsion

the act of a dominant group forcing a subordinate group to leave a certain area or even the country

genocide

the deliberate annihilation of a targeted (usually subordinate) group

institutional racism

racism embedded in social institutions

intersection theory

theory that suggests we cannot separate the effects of race, class, gender, sexual orientation, and other attributes

minority group

any group of people who are singled out from the others for differential and unequal treatment

model minority

the stereotype applied to a minority group that is seen as reaching higher educational, professional, and socioeconomic levels without protest against the majority establishment

pluralism

the ideal of the United States as a "salad bowl:" a mixture of different cultures where each culture retains its own identity and yet adds to the "flavor" of the whole - mutual respect on all cultures

prejudice

biased thought based on flawed assumptions about a group of people

racial profiling

the use by law enforcement of race alone to determine whether to stop and detain someone

racial steering

the act of real estate agents directing prospective homeowners toward or away from certain neighborhoods based on their race

racism

a set of attitudes, beliefs, and practices that is used to justify the superior treatment of one racial or ethnic group and the inferior treatment of another racial or ethnic group

redlining

the practice of routinely refusing mortgages for households and business located in predominately minority communities

scapegoat theory

a theory that suggests that the dominant group will displace its unfocused aggression onto a subordinate group ex: hitler

sedimentation of racial inequality

the intergenerational impact of de facto and de jure racism that limits the abilities of black people to accumulate wealth

segregation

the physical separation of two groups, particularly in residence, but also in workplace and social functions

social construction of race

the school of thought that race is not biologically identifiable

stereotypes

oversimplified ideas about groups of people

subordinate groups

a group of people who have less power than the dominant group

white privilege

the benefits people receive simply by being part of the dominant group

biological determinism

the belief that men and women behave differently due to inherent sex differences related to their biology

doing gender

the performance of tasks based upon the gender assigned to us by society and, in turn, ourselves

DOMA

Defense of Marriage Act, a 1996 U.S. law explicitly limiting the definition of "marriage" to a union between one man and one woman and allowing each individual state to recognize or deny same-sex marriages performed in other states

double standard

the concept that prohibits premarital sexual intercourse for women but allows it for men

gender

a term that refer to social or cultural distinctions of behaviors that are considered male or female

gender dysphoria

a condition listed in the DSM-5 in which people whose gender at birth is contrary to the one they identify with. This condition replaces "gender identity disorder"

gender identity

a person's deeply held internal perception of his or her gender

gender role

society's concept of how men and women should behave

heterosexism

an ideology and a set of institutional practices that privilege heterosexuals and heterosexuality over other sexual orientations

homophobia

an extreme or irrational aversion to homosexuals

queer theory

an interdisciplinary approach to sexuality studies that identifies Western society's rigid splitting of gender into male and female roles and questions its appropriateness

sex

a term that denotes the presence of physical or physiological differences between males and females

sexism

the prejudiced belief that one sex should be valued over another

sexual orientation

a person's physical, mental, emotional, and sexual attraction to a particular sex (male or female)

sexuality social construction of sexuality transgender

a person's capacity for sexual feelings socially created definitions about the cultural appropriateness of sex-linked behavior which shape how people see and experience sexuality

an adjective that describes individuals who identify with the behaviors and characteristics that are other than their biological sex

transexual

transgender individuals who attempt to alter their bodies through medical interventions such as surgery and hormonal therapy

activity theory

a theory that suggests that for individuals to enjoy old age and feel satisfied, they must maintain activities and find replacement for the statuses and associated roles they have left behind as they aged

age stratification theory

a theory which states that members of society are stratified by age, just as they are stratified by race, class, and gender

ageism

discrimination based on age

baby boomers

people born between 1946 and 1964

centenarians

people 100 years or older

cohort

a group of people who share a statistical or demographic trait

continuity theory

a theory which states that the elderly make specific choices to maintain consistency in internal (personality structure, beliefs) and external structures (relationships), remaining active and involved throughout their elder years

dependency ratio

the number of nonproductive citizens (young, disabled, elderly) to productive working citizens

disengagement theory

a theory which suggests that withdrawing from society and social relationships is a natural part of growing old

elder abuse

the act of a caretaker intentionally depriving an older person of care or harming the person in their charge

exchange theory

a theory which suggests that we experience an increased dependence as we age and must increasingly submit to the will of others, because we have fewer ways of compelling others to submit to us

filial piety

deference and respect to one's parents and ancestors in all things

geriatrics

a medical speciality focusing on the elderly

gerontocracy

a type of social structure wherein the power is held by a society's oldest members

gerontology

a field of science that seeks to understand the process of aging and the challenges encountered as seniors grow older

gerotranscendence

the idea that as people age, they transcend limited views of life they held in earlier times

grief

a psychological, emotional, and social response to the feelings of loss that accompanies death or a similar event

hospice

healthcare that treats terminally ill people by providing comfort during the dying process

life course

the period from birth to death, including a sequence of predictable life events

life expectancy

the number of years a newborn is expected to live

modernization theory

a theory which suggests that the primary cause of the elderly losing power and influence in society are the parallel forces of industrialization and modernization

physician assisted suicide

the voluntary use of lethal medication provided by a medical doctor to end one's life

primary aging

biological factors such as molecular and cellular changes

secondary aging

aging that occurs due to controllable factors like exercise and diet

selective optimization with compensation theory

a theory based on the idea that successful personal development throughout the life course and subsequent mastery of the challenges associated with everyday life are based on the components of selection, optimization, and compensation

senescence

the aging process, including biological, intellectual, emotional, social, and spiritual changes

social gerontology

a specialized field of gerontology that examines the social (and sociological) aspects of aging

subculture of aging theory

a theory that focuses on the shared community created by the elderly when they are excluded (due to age), voluntarily or involuntarily, from participating in other groups

supercentenarian

people 110 of age or older

thanatology

the systematic study of death and dying

ambilineal

a type of unilateral descent that follows either the fathers or the mothers side exclusively

bigamy

the act of entering into marriage while still married to another person

bilateral descent

the tracing of kinship through both parents' ancestral lines

cohabitation

the act of a couple sharing a residence while they are not married

extended family

a household that includes at least one parent and child as well a other relatives like grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins

family

socially recognized groups of individuals who may be joined by blood, marriage, or adoption and who form an emotional connection and an economic unit of society

family life course

a sociological model of family that sees the progression of events as fluid rather than as occurring in strict stages

family life cycle

a set of predictable steps and patterns families experience over time

family of orientation

the family into which one is born

family of procreation

a family that us formed through marriage

intimate partner violence (IPV)

violence that occurs between individuals who maintain a romantic or sexual relationship

kinship

a person's traceable ancestry (by blood, marriage, and/or adoption)

marriage

a legally recognized contract between two or more people in a sexual relationship who have an expectation of permanence about their relationship

matrilineal descent

a type of unilateral descent that follows the mother's side only

matrilocal residence

a system in which it is customary for a husband to live with his wife's family

monogamy

the act of being married to only one person at a time

nuclear family

two parents (traditionally a married husband and wife) and children living in the same household

patrilneal descent

a type of unilateral descent that follows the father's line only

patrilocal residence

a system in which it is customary for the a wife to live with (or near) the her husband's family

polyandry

a form of marriage in which one woman is married to more than one man at a time

polygamy

the state of being committed or married to more than one person at a time

polygyny

a form of marriage in which one man is married to more than one woman at a time

shaken baby syndrome

unilateral descent

a group of medical symptoms such as brain swelling and retinal hemorrhage resulting from forcefully shaking or impacting an infant's head

the tracing of kinship through one parent only...