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Human Anatomy & Physiology (Amerman) Chapter 26 The Reproductive System 1) Complete this analogy: Testes are to gonads as sperm are to: Gametes 2) The reduction in the number of chromosomes to half the normal count occurs during: Mitosis 3) A parent cell has 28 chromosomes and completes meiosis. How many chromosomes result in each cell produced? 14 4) The fusion of sperm and egg is known as: Fertilization 5) How many tetrads form during synapsis of meiosis for humans? 23 6) Meiosis is a special type of cell division that produces: Gametes 7) During what phase are homologous chromosomes separated from one another and pulled toward opposite poles of the cell by spindle fibers? Anaphase I 8) What shuffles the alleles and causes homologous chromosomes to no longer be identical during meiosis? Crossing over 9) Where does sperm production occur within the testis? Seminiferous tubules 10) Sperm in the epididymis travel immediately next to the: Efferent ductules 11) Which of the following ducts travels through the prostate gland? Each ejaculatory duct 12) Which of the following is NOT a region of the male urethra? Serosa 13) Which portion of the penis is called the foreskin? Prepuce 14) Which of the following male accessory sex glands produces a yellowish secretion containing fructose, prostaglandins, coagulating proteins and enzymes? Seminal vesicle 15) Enlargement of the prostate gland can constrict the: ejaculatory duct 16) What component allows semen to temporarily coagulate once ejaculated? Clotting proteins 17) Semen is expelled from the body during: Ejaculation 18) Contraction of the cremaster muscle: Involuntary muscle and contraction can occur during arousal which can prevent injury to the testicles Pulls testes closer to body 19) The process of male gamete, or sperm cell, development is known as: Spermatogenesis

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20) What stem cell begins the process of spermatogenesis? Spermatogonium 21) How many spermatids result from one spermatogonium? 4 22) Spermiogenesis begins with a ________ and ends with a ________. Spermatid, sperm 23) Damage to the sustentacular cells of the testes could impair: Spermatogenesis 24) What is the maturation process in which spermatids elongate and shed excess cytoplasm? Spermatogenesis 25) Which of the following is the main hormone that regulates spermatogenesis? testosterone 26) What is the action of luteinizing hormone (LH)? stimulates interstitial cells of the testes to produce testosterone 27) Determine the effect of inhibin on male hormone production. decreases FSH 28) A male bodybuilder takes testosterone supplements to increase his muscle mass. After three weeks, which of the following do you expect to observe? GnRH 29) The movement of sperm, testicular fluids, and secretions from the prostate gland and seminal vesicle into the urethra is known as: Emission 30) Which of the following is under control of the parasympathetic nervous system? Emission 31) An elderly man, Mr. Gee, is unable to maintain an erection. Classify his condition. Impotence 32) At what point in life does spermatogenesis begin in a male? Puberty 33) Which of the following is NOT an anabolic effect of testosterone? Testosterone increases libido 34) Decline in male reproductive functions occur during: Andropause 35) A seventy-five-year-old male has noticed he has had difficulty urinating. His physician says his difficulty is most likely due to an enlarged gland known as the: Prostate 36) What is the main female gonad? Ovary 37) Which ligament anchors the ovary to the uterus? Utero-ovarian 38) From its proximal end at the uterus as it approaches the ovary, the regions of the uterine tube are: Isthmus, ampulla, infundibulum, fimbriae 39) Where does fertilization usually occur? Fallopian tube 40) Where should a fertilized ovum implant? Uterus 41) Which of the following is the most inferior portion of the uterus? Cervix

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42) What portion of the uterus is composed of smooth muscle and contracts rhythmically during orgasm and childbirth? Myometrium 43) What part of the female reproductive system receives the penis during sexual intercourse? Vagina 44) What effect do you think douching, or washing, has on the vagina? Washes away beneficial bacteria and alters the pH balance of the vagina 45) Which of the following is NOT part of the female's external genitalia? Vagina 46) Blockage to the mammary ducts of the mammary gland prevents the passage of: Milk 47) What structures are NOT present in a non-lactating female? Alveoli 48) When are all oogonia formed in females? 6th – 8th week of female embryonic development 49) Which of the following can be fertilized? Secondary oocyte 50) Which follicle contains a secondary oocyte arrested in metaphase II? Vesicular (tertiary) follicle 51) Which of the following is the first phase of the ovarian cycle? Follicular 52) Place these stages of the ovarian cycle in the correct order. 1) Corpus albicans 2) Vesicular (tertiary) follicle 3) Primary follicle 4) Ruptured follicle 5) Primordial follicle 6) Secondary follicle 7) Corpus luteum 5,3,6,2,4,7,1 53) Assuming a 28-day ovarian cycle, on what day should ovulation occur? 14 54) In a female, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) target the: Ovaries 55) Ovulation is triggered by a surge in: LH 56) Women who wish to become pregnant should have sexual intercourse after a surge in: LH 57) Which of the following is regulated by a positive feedback mechanism in females? Ovulation 58) Estrogens are critical for: Adipose tissue deposits in the breasts, hips, and thighs 59) Which portion of the uterus is shed during menstruation? Stratum functionalis of the endometrium 60) During which phase of the uterine (menstrual) cycle will stratum functionalis develop with endometrial glands and spiral arteries and veins? Proliferative (prevulatory) phase 61) Which of the following accompanies puberty? Menarche 3 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

62) When menstruation has ceased for at least one year, what has occurred? Menopause 63) If a couple want to have sexual intercourse, and they do not wish to use a behavior method as a form of birth control since they know it comes with high risk. What could be an alternative method? Condoms 64) A female wants to take a hormonal contraceptive that contains progesterone only. What could be an option? Depo shot 65) What type of birth control may prevent pregnancy by manipulating the hormones and interfering with ovulation? Hormonal method 66) Which of the following is NOT a bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STI)? Genital herpes 67) A male visiting a health clinic presents with a pink rash all over the body, a fever, joint pain, and complains of some hair loss. Determine the sexually transmitted infection (STI) this patient has contracted. Syphilis 68) What is the cause of trichomoniasis? Parasite 69) Which of the following is linked with many cases of cervical cancer? HPV 70) A female patient complains of a greenish-white discharge from her vagina that has a strong odor. She also experiences itching and burning of her genitals. Determine the sexually transmitted infection (STI) she has. Trichomoniasis

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Match the following with the organs of the male reproductive system.

A – pubic bone B – prostate gland C – bulbourethral gland D – vas deferens E– F – urethra G – epididymis H – penis Match the following with the organs of the female reproductive system.

A – fallopian tube B – uterine tube 5 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

C – ovary D– E – uterus F – vagina Match the following with the phases of the uterine (menstrual) and ovarian cycles.

94) During this phase of the uterine cycle, the uterus sheds the stratum functionalis of the endometrium. Proliferative phase - A 95) During this phase of the uterine cycle, the endometrium prepares for implantation of an embryo by continuing to grow, increasing vasculature, and secreting nutrients into the uterine cavity. Luteal phase - D 96) During the ovarian cycle, a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH) occurs which relates to this phase of the uterine cycle. Ovulatory phase - B 97) Cervical mucus thins on this day to facilitate the passage of sperm into the uterus.

C

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