Test Bank and Solutions For Sociology of North American Sport 11th Edition By George Sage PDF

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Test Bank, Solutions Manual, ebook For Sociology of North American Sport 11th Edition By George Sage, Stanley Eitzen, and Becky Beal ; 9780190854102...

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CHAPTER 1 The Sociological Analysis of Sport in North American Society Main Themes 1. Sport is a pervasive cultural practice in the United States and Canada and increasingly a worldwide endeavor. 2. The discipline of sociology uses a specialized perspective, concepts, and procedures to describe and explain the institution of sport in society. 3. Several social theoretical perspectives provide vantage points for understanding the social world of sport. 4. Sociology of sport as an organized field of study is less than sixty years old. 5. Sport involves different types of social organization. 6. Sport’s social practices and values have similarities to the wider society and are often said to be a microcosm of society. 7. Various levels of sport are identified and illustrations are given for each. Lecture Topical Headings A. An Overview of Sociology of Sport as a Field of Study B. The Pervasiveness of Sport C. The Discipline of Sociology 1. Assumptions of the sociological perspective a. Individuals are, by their nature, social beings b. Individuals are, for the most part, socially determined c. Individuals create, sustain, and change the social forms within which they conduct their lives 2. Thinking as a sociologist: sociological imagination 3. Units of sociological analysis a. The micro level b. The macro level D. Sociological Theories: Contrasting Ways to See and Understand Social Life 1. Functionalism 2. Conflict theory 3. Conflict/cultural theories a. Hegemony theory b. Feminist theory c. Race theory 4. Interactionist theory 5. Sociological theories and sociology of sport: our position E. Sport as a Microcosm of Society 1. Common characteristics of sport and society a. The high degree of competitiveness b. The emphasis on materialism

c. d. e. f. g. h.

The pervasiveness of racism The pervasiveness of male dominance The domination of individuals by bureaucracies The unequal distribution of power in organizations The use of conflict to change unequal power relationships Sport is not a sanctuary; deviance is found throughout sport

F. Levels of Sport 1. Informal sport 2. Organized sport 3. Corporate sport

Test Items True/False 1. A sociological assumption that individuals are shaped by their society implies a total social determination. (False) 2. Although psychology and sociology are similar fields, there is very little difference in the way they study and account for human behavior. (False) 3. As a field of study, the sociology of sport treats sport and physical activities as cultural practices. (True) 4. From a sociological perspective, behaviors are considered to emanate primarily from internal individual motivations. (False) 5. Fundamental to the sociological perspective is the notion that structural forces beyond the conscious control of an individual have profound effects on human behavior. (True) 6. Sports teams are not particularly useful research settings for sociologists to test theories about social organization because they are composed of exceptional rather than average persons. (False) 7. From the view of the textbook authors, the observer of any social arrangement must view the subject from a critical stance. (True) 8. The conflict social theory has political implications but the functionalist perspective does not. (False) 9. Hegemony theory adds ideology and culture to the importance of the economy, politics, and the cultural patterns of dominance in society. (True)

10. According to the feminist social theory, organized sport has been a major contributor to the perpetuation of male dominance. (True) 11. The presence of rudimentary organization distinguishes informal sport from corporate sport. (True) Multiple Choice (* indicates correct answer) 1. Which of the following statements is not true of sociology? A. Sociology stresses those factors external to the individual. B. Sociology is the only scientific discipline concerned with the description and explanation of human behavior.* C. Sociology describes and explains social organization. D. Sociologists study social behavior of all kinds, from interpersonal social relations to group formations to formal social organizations. 2. The sociological perspective can be uncomfortable because A. it requires acceptance of "official" explanations of the way society is organized. B. it liberates one from social constraints and thus undermines the comfort that tradition provides.* C. it makes possible the accurate prediction of human behavior that could be used in undesirable ways. D. All of the above 3. Functionalist theory focuses on A. the social bond that holds groups together.* B. the social forces that pit group against group. C. patterns of dominance and influence in society. D. how people give meaning to their lives. 4. The four levels of sport described in the textbook A. suggest that the levels can be placed on a continuum from play to work.* B. classify pseudosports as a form of informal sport. C. place Little League programs at the informal level of sport. D. classify international sport as a separate level of sport. 5. Conflict theorists tend to argue that A. sport is inspirational. B. sport provides an excellent opportunity for minorities to move up the social class ladder. C. sport builds character in potentially deviant youth. D. None of the above* 6. Which theoretical perspective places the greatest emphasis on human agency? A. Functionalism B. Conflict theory

C. Conflict/cultural theory* 7. Conflict theorists and functionalists _________ that sport maintains the status quo. A. agree* B. disagree 8. Which of the following theories is not a structural theory? A. Functionalism B. Conflict/cultural theory C. Hegemony theory D. Interactionist theory* 9. The “social construction of reality” is most closely associated with A. functionalism. B. conflict theory. C. critical theory. D. interactionist theory.* 10. High school sports would generally be an example of A. pseudosport. B. informal sport. C. organized sport.* D. corporate sport. E. None of the above 11. Human agency refers to A. human beings as active agents shaping and changing social structures.* B. individuals as social beings. C. individuals being socially determined. D. the perfection of social arrangements. 12. The “sociological imagination” A. focuses on understanding the behavior of an individual and his or her problems. B. focuses on human agency. C. is similar to Karl Marx’s term “false consciousness.” D. sees the solutions to social problems by changing the structure of society, not in terms of changing individuals.* Essay Questions 1. The textbook authors describe several major assumptions of the sociological perspective. Identify and discuss one of the major assumptions of the sociological perspective described in the text. 2. Write a brief essay supporting the statement “If you hold up football to the bright light of sociology, you will see that it mirrors modern social life.”

3. Several major sociological theories are described in the text. Identify two of them and briefly describe how they differ. 4. Three levels of sport are identified in the text. Identify two of these and give a brief characterization of each. 5. What is your understanding of “the sociological imagination”? Does it appear applicable to sport in US or Canadian society? If so, how? Student Project 1. As a way of illustrating the pervasive influence of sport on our lives, keep a one-week log of the ways in which you were involved with sport during that week. Involvement might include reading the sports section of a newspaper, reading a sport magazine (e.g., Sports Illustrated), viewing a sports event on television or in person, playing a sport, etc. Report on the time you were involved and the variety of ways in which you were involved. Supplementary Readings Donnelly, Peter, ed. Taking Sport Seriously: Social Issues in Canadian Sport, 3rd ed. Toronto: Thompson Educational Publishing, 2011. Eitzen, D. Stanley. Fair and Foul: Beyond the Myths and Paradoxes of Sport, 5th ed. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2012. Eitzen, D. Stanley, ed. Sport in Contemporary Society, 10th ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 2015. Eitzen, D. Stanley, Maxine Baca Zinn, and Kelly Eitzen Smith. In Conflict and Order: Understanding Society, 13th ed. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 2012. Healey, Joseph. Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and Class: The Sociology of Group Conflict and Change, updated 5th ed. Newbury Park, CA: Pine Forge Press, 2009. Hylton, Kevin. “Race” and Sport: Critical Race Theory. New York: Routledge, 2009. McCann, Carole, and Seung-kyung Kim. Feminist Theory Reader: Local and Global Perspectives. New York: Routledge, 2013. Mills, C. Wright. The Sociological Imagination. New York:Oxford University Press, 1959. Nixon, Howard L. II. Sport in a Changing World. Boulder, CO: Paradigm, 2008.

Powers, Charles H. Making Sense of Social Theory. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2010. Ritzer, George. Classical Sociological Theory, 6th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2010. Sage, George. Power and Ideology in American Sport: A Critical Perspective, 2nd ed. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 1998....