Test January 2021, questions and answers PDF

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Question 1 Answer saved Marked out of 1.0

Flag question Question text Physiology is the study of Select one: a. the structure of the body. b. the tissues and organs of the body at the microscopic level. c. growth and reproduction. d. the normal functions of the organ systems. e. the facial features as an indication of personality.

Question 2 Answer saved Marked out of 1.0

Flag question Question text A chain of two simple sugars is a: Select one: a. monosaccharide. b. polysaccharide. c. disaccharide. d. nucleic acid. e. fatty acid.

Question 3 Answer saved Marked out of 1.0

Flag question Question text Organs of the body are defined as ________. Select one: a. a collection of cells that perform similar functions b. two or more tissues combined to form a structure that allows each tissue to function independently c. a collection of cells that function independently of one another d. a combination of two or more tissues that makes a structure which performs specific functions e. a collection of tissues that function independently of one another

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Flag question Question text What is the primary mechanism for maintaining homeostasis? Select one: a. positive feedback b. negative feedback c. intrinsic control d. extrinsic control e. inherent control

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Flag question Question text The ovaries are part of the: W. digestive system X. endocrine system Y. lymphatic system Z. reproductive system. Select one: a. if only W, X and Y are correct b. if only W and Y are correct c. if only X and Z are correct d. if only Z is correct e. if all are correct

Question 6 Answer saved Marked out of 1.0

Flag question Question text Which of the following are components of a negative feedback loop? W. Receptor X. Integration Centre Y. Effector

Z. Inhibitor Select one: a. if only W, X and Y are correct b. if only W and Y are correct c. if only X and Z are correct d. if only Z is correct e. if all are correct

Question 7 Answer saved Marked out of 1.0

Flag question Question text Which of the following components of the plasma membrane forms ion channels? Select one: a. phospholipids b. cholesterol c. carbohydrates d. integral membrane proteins e. peripheral membrane proteins

Question 8 Answer saved Marked out of 1.0

Flag question Question text Most of the ATP required to power cellular operations is produced in the: Select one: a. ribosomes. b. endoplasmic reticulum. c. nucleus.

d. mitochondria. e. Golgi complex.

Question 9 Answer saved Marked out of 1.0

Flag question Question text The ________ is the site where lipids, triglycerides, and steroids are synthesized, as well as where calcium is stored within the cell. Select one: a. rough endoplasmic reticulum b. smooth endoplasmic reticulum c. mitochondria d. lysosome e. nucleolus

Question 10 Answer saved Marked out of 1.0

Flag question Question text During transcription, ________. Select one: a. DNA is synthesized from DNA in the nucleus b. RNA is synthesized from DNA in the nucleus c. RNA is synthesized from DNA in the cytoplasm d. protein is synthesized from RNA in the nucleus e. protein is synthesized from RNA in the cytoplasm

Question 11 Answer saved Marked out of 1.0

Flag question Question text The function of membrane proteins is to: W. act as carrier molecules for various solutes. X. bind to ligands (chemicals). Y. regulate the passage of ions. Z. store cellular nutrients. Select one: a. if only W, X and Y are correct b. if only W and Y are correct c. if only X and Z are correct d. if only Z is correct e. if all are correct

Question 12 Answer saved Marked out of 1.0

Flag question Question text Specialisation of skeletal muscle cells include: W. a large number of mitochondria. X. multiple nuclei. Y. a long and slender cylinder shape

Z. dendrites Select one: a. if only W, X and Y are correct b. if only W and Y are correct c. if only X and Z are correct d. if only Z is correct e. if all are correct

Question 13 Answer saved Marked out of 1.0

Flag question Question text About two-thirds of the body fluid is found within the ________ fluid compartment. Select one: a. intracellular b. plasma c. extracellular d. interstitial e. vital

Question 14 Answer saved Marked out of 1.0

Flag question Question text Which body fluid compartment contains high levels of K+? Select one: a. plasma only b. interstitial fluid only c. intracellular fluid only

d. both plasma and intracellular fluid e. both plasma and interstitial fluid

Question 15 Answer saved Marked out of 1.0

Flag question Question text Which statement best describes osmosis? Select one: a. active transport of water across the cell membrane b. diffusion of water from a greater to a lesser water concentration c. movement of water into a solute d. diffusion of water from a greater to a lesser water concentration across a selectively permeable membrane e. random movement of water due to kinetic energy

Question 16 Answer saved Marked out of 1.0

Flag question Question text All of the following are types of mediated transport except one. Identify the exception. Select one: a. facilitated diffusion b. primary active transport c. simple diffusion d. secondary active transport

Question 17

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Flag question Question text Facilitated diffusion differs from ordinary diffusion in that Select one: a. facilitated diffusion consumes no ATP. b. facilitated diffusion moves molecules from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration. c. the rate of molecular movement is limited by the number of available carrier molecules. d. facilitated diffusion never eliminates the concentration gradient. e. the rate of molecular movement is not limited by the number of available carrier molecules.

Question 18 Answer saved Marked out of 1.0

Flag question Question text Endocytosis is: Select one: a. a method for transporting substances into the cell. b. a method for metabolizing within the cytosol. c. a form of anabolism. d. a viral infection. e. a method for packaging secretions.

Question 19 Answer saved Marked out of 1.0

Flag question Question text Red blood cell bursting is to ________ as cell shrinking is to ________. Select one: a. crenation; lysis b. lysis; crenation c. hypotonic; isotonic d. isotonic; hypotonic e. isotonic; hypertonic

Question 20 Answer saved Marked out of 1.0

Flag question Question text Ion channels that are always open are called: Select one: a. active channels. b. gated channels. c. leak channels. d. regulated channels. e. local channels.

Question 21 Answer saved Marked out of 1.0

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Question text A cell is placed in a 200 mMol NaCl solution. W. This solution is hypertonic. X. The solution will cause the cell to shrink. Y. The solution will have an osmolarity of 400mOsm/L Z. This solution will cause water to move out of the cell Select one: a. if only W, X and Y are correct b. if only W and Y are correct c. if only X and Z are correct d. if only Z is correct e. if all are correct

Question 22 Answer saved Marked out of 1.0

Flag question Question text Which statement(s) help explain why cells in 300 mmol of ethyl alcohol will lyse cells? W. Ethyl alcohol has a osmolarity of 600 mOsm/L. X. Ethyl alcohol is a penetrating solute. Y. Ethyl alcohol will break down the phospholipids in the plasma membrane. Z. Ethyl alcohol diffuses into the cell increasing intracellular osmolarity. Select one: a. if only W, X and Y are correct b. if only W and Y are correct c. if only X and Z are correct d. if only Z is correct e. if all are correct

Question 23 Answer saved Marked out of 1.0

Flag question Question text A neuron cell body is directly connected to the: Select one: a. ganglion. b. axon terminal. c. neurotransmitter. d. axon hillock. e. synapse.

Question 24 Answer saved Marked out of 1.0

Flag question Question text The brain and spinal cord together compose the Select one: a. central nervous system b. autonomic division system. c. somatic motor division of the nervous system. d. peripheral nervous system. e. visceral nervous system.

Question 25 Answer saved Marked out of 1.0

Flag question Question text Which of the following statements concerning a chemical synapse is true? Select one: a. Neurotransmitter is released in response to an action potential arriving at the axon hillock. b. Neurotransmitter is actively transported across the synaptic cleft. c. Neurotransmitter binds to its receptors on the postsynaptic membrane. d. The synapse consists of a presynaptic dendrite, a postsynaptic cell and an interstitial space between them (known as the synaptic cleft). e. The synapse consists of a presynaptic dendrite, a postsynaptic neuron and an interstitial space between them (known as the presynaptic cleft).

Question 26 Answer saved Marked out of 1.0

Flag question Question text Opening of potassium channels in the axon membrane causes: Select one: a. depolarization. b. repolarization. c. hyperpolarization. d. increased positive charge inside the membrane. e. inhibition.

Question 27 Answer saved Marked out of 1.0

Flag question Question text The binding of a neurotransmitter to its receptor at an inhibitory synapse can lead to the ________ of ________ channels. Select one: a. opening : potassium b. closure : potassium c. opening : sodium d. closing : chloride e. opening : calcium

Question 28 Answer saved Marked out of 1.0

Flag question Question text Which of the following is an example of spatial summation? Select one: a. Two stimuli from two sources produce graded potentials on the same neuron at the same time such that the two potentials sum. b. Two rapid stimuli from the same source produce graded potentials on the neuron that sum. c. An action potential occurs at the same time as a graded potential, and they sum. d. A neuron sends out information through collaterals to several target cells. e. Two action potentials occur at the same time and sum.

Question 29 Answer saved Marked out of 1.0

Flag question Question text During the relative refractory period:

Select one: a. a second action potential cannot be generated, no matter the strength of the stimuli. b. any stimulus that would normally generate an action potential is sufficient to generate a second action potential. c. a second action potential can be generated, providing the stimulus strength is considerably greater than usual. d. a neuron cannot respond to another stimulus, no matter how strong. e. local voltage-gated sodium channels are either open or have proceeded to an inactivated state.

Question 30 Answer saved Marked out of 1.0

Remove flag Question text In which of the following would the rate of impulse conduction be the greatest? Select one: a. a myelinated fiber of 20-µm diameter b. a nonmyelinated fiber of 20-µm diameter c. a myelinated fiber of 1-µm diameter d. a nonmyelinated fiber of 10-µm diameter e. the same in all because of the all-or-none principle

Question 31 Answer saved Marked out of 1.0

Flag question Question text The extent of neurotransmitter binding to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane is determined primarily by which of the following? Select one: a. sodium b. calcium c. the distance of the cleft d. the concentration of neurotransmitter e. neurotransmitter vesicles

Question 32 Answer saved Marked out of 1.0

Flag question Question text Graded potentials may: W. depolarize the membrane to the threshold voltage. X. hyperpolarize the membrane. Y. be called EPSPs or IPSPs. Z. always cause an action potential

Select one: a. if only W, X and Y are correct b. if only W and Y are correct c. if only X and Z are correct d. if only Z is correct e. if all are correct

Question 33 Answer saved Marked out of 1.0

Flag question Question text Stimulus intensity is encoded for within a single neuron by: W. the amplitude of the action potential. X. the duration of an action potential. Y. the rate of repolarization. Z. the frequency of action potentials. Select one: a. if only W, X and Y are correct b. if only W and Y are correct c. if only X and Z are correct d. if only Z is correct e. if all are correct

Question 34 Answer saved Marked out of 1.0

Remove flag Question text Consider the Figure above (Figure 1). Which of the following statements are true about this Figure?

W. In time period between A and B, the membrane is more permeable to potassium than sodium ions. X. Voltage-gated sodium channels are open from time point C-D Y. Voltage-gated K+ channels open at time point D Z. Any change in membrane permeability at time point B makes the generation of an action potential inevitable. Select one: a. if only W, X and Y are correct b. if only W and Y are correct c. if only X and Z are correct d. if only Z is correct e. if all are correct

Question 35 Answer saved Marked out of 1.0

Flag question Question text If a response decreases a disturbance, the control system is classified as a ________ feedback system. Select one: a. deficit b. negative c. neutral d. polarized e. positive

Question 36 Answer saved Marked out of 1.0

Flag question Question text A hormone that is synthesized by neurones of the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary gland is: Select one: a. beta-endorphin b. antiduiretic hormone (ADH) c. adrenaline d. estrogen e. thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

Question 37 Answer saved Marked out of 1.0

Flag question Question text Thyroid stiumulating Horomone (TSH) is a a hormone that is released in response to a decrease in circulating thyroid hormone. It in turn causes the thyroid to produce more thyroid hormone. What type of feedback loop does TSH trigger? Select one: a. local control b. positive feedback c. negative feedback d. nociceptive feedback e. distant feedback

Question 38 Answer saved Marked out of 1.0

Flag question Question text A hormone affects some tissues but not others because it: Select one: a. is delivered to target tissue only. b. is inactivated by the liver or kidneys. c. is secreted in response to specific stimuli. d. crosses the membrane of some cells only. e. interacts with the receptors found at target tissues.

Question 39 Answer saved Marked out of 1.0

Flag question Question text Steroid hormones Select one: a. are proteins b. cannot diffuse through cell membranes c. bind to receptors in the nucleus of their target cells d. remain in circulation for relatively short periods of time e. are transported in the blood dissolved in the plasma

Question 40 Answer saved Marked out of 1.0

Flag question Question text A higher than normal secretion of the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and tri-iodothyronine (T3) would cause increases in: W. basal metabolic rate. X. thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH). Y. basal rate of heat production. Z. thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). Select one: a. if only W, X and Y are correct. b. if only W and Y are correct. c. if only X and Z are correct. d. if only Z is correct. e. if all are correct.

Question 41 Answer saved Marked out of 1.0

Flag question Question text The most accurate definition of an arteriole is a vessel that: Select one: a. has walls that are one cell thick. b. contains smooth muscle in its wall. c. transports deoxygenated blood. d. transports blood toward the heart. e. contains internal valves.

Question 42 Answer saved Marked out of 1.0

Remove flag Question text With respect to the direction of flow, blood flows: Select one: a. from the right ventricle into the pulmonary veins. b. from the left ventricle into the aorta. c. from the venae cavae into the left atrium. d. from the pulmonary artery into the left atrium. e. none of the above.

Question 43 Answer saved Marked out of 1.0

Flag question Question text The QRS complex on an ECG tracing represents: Select one: a. atrial depolarization. b. atrial repolarization. c. ventricular depolarization. d. ventricular repolarization. e. ventricular relaxation.

Question 44 Answer saved Marked out of 1.0

Flag question Question text What are the two major regions of the heart containing pacemaker cells? Select one: a. sinoatrial node and atrioventricular node b. sinoatrial node and Purkinje fibers c. sinoatrial node and bundle of His d. bundle of His and atrioventricular node e. bundle of His and Purkinje fibers

Question 45 Answer saved Marked out of 1.0

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Question text During ventricular systole: Select one: a. the atria are contracting. b. blood is exiting the ventricles. c. the AV valves are open. d. the pressure in the ventricles declines only. e. the ventricles are relaxed.

Question 46 Answer saved Marked out of 1.0

Flag question Question text During the cardiac cycle, when the pressure in the ventricles is less than the pressure in the atria, it can be inferred that: Select one: a. each ventricle is ejecting blood into the arteries. b. the atrio-ventricular (A-V) valves are open. c. the first heart sound is heard. d. it is ventricular systole. e. the semi-lunar valves are open.

Question 47 Answer saved Marked out of 1.0

Flag question Question text The cardiac output is equal to: Select one: a. the difference between the end-diastolic volume and the end-systolic volume.

b. the product of heart rate and stroke volume. c. the difference between the stroke volume at rest and the stroke volume during exercise. d. the stroke volume less the end-systolic volume. e. the product of heart rate and blood pressure.

Question 48 Answer saved Marked out of 1.0

Flag question Question text Type AB blood: Select one: a. will have circulating anti-b antibodies b. will have no circulating anitbodies c. will have circulating anti-a antibodies d. will have only type b antigens on the cell’s surface e. will have no antigens on the cell’s surface

Question 49 Answer saved Marked out of 1.0

Flag question Question text During the diastolic phase of the cardiac cycle

W) The ventricles are relaxing X) Blood is entering the ventricles Y) The semilunar valves remain closed

Z) The AV valves remain open Select one: a. if only W, X and Y are correct. b. if only W and Y are correct. c. if only X and Z are correct. d. if only Z is correct. e. if all are correct.

Question 50 Answer saved Marked out of 1.0

Flag question Question text Red blood cells that have type-b antigen could come from:

W) type B blood X) type A blood Y) type AB blood Z) type O blood Select one: a. if only W, X and Y are correct. b. if only W and Y are correct. c. if only X and Z are correct. d. if only Z is correct. e. if all are correct.

Question 51 Answer saved Marked out of 1.0

Flag question Question text ________ are responsible for the detection of mean arterial pressure. Select one: a. Venous baroreceptors b. Arterial baroreceptors c. Aortic chemoreceptors d. Thermoreceptors e. Medullary chemoreceptors

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Flag question Question text When comparing blood in the arterioles to the veins. Select one: a. pressure is higher b. pressure is lower c. The blood contained is more turbulent. d. viscosity increases. e. the diameter of b...