TEST Review 1 PDF

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Notes taken for test 1 pharm...

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TEST REVIEW #1 Assessment – data collection/sub/obj, medication hist. prescript,OTC, herbal,compliance/ response to medication /review and analysis/medication profile (what theyre taking) nursing diagnosis- need for/problem (actual or at high risk) , critical thinking, 1.human response to illness 2. Factors related to the response “related to” 3. Listening of cues, clues, evidence/ used to communicate and share info about pt planning-1.goal: objective/specific,measurable/time frame/prioritization 2. Outcome criteria: pt oriented, specifc standard of measure “the pt will…..” “pt. states..” implementation-nurse plan w/ diagnoses & outcome criteria w/ 5 rights. (Pt education) evaluation-monitor pt response to drug, determine status of goal and outcome of care (therapeutic effect on pt) What is the correct format for writing a nursing diagnosis written and what are NANDA approved diagnoses Risk for infection related to ______ as evidence by inadequate vaccination kidney/ high means poor function/where they kidney stands What is meant by empirical- treatment given without knowledge of the cause or nature of the disorder and based on experience rather than logic, such as a dangerous infection being treated by broad-spectrum antibiotics rational thera.- based upon knowledge of disease and the action of remedies given/evidence to support medicine given

What bearing does the drug absorptions of various oral preparations have on medication administration- Food or fluids administered with the drug, dosage formulation, status of the absorptive surface, rate of blood flow to the small intestine, acididty of the stomach, status of GI motility

What is the difference between bioavailability and bioequivalent and how does the first pass effect through the liver affect this- Bioavailability-extent of drug absorption; first pass through liver reduces bioavailability significantly. Bioequivalent- if the two drugs have the same concentration of active ingredient. A drug given via the oral route may be extensively metabolized by the liver before reaching the systemic circulation. The same drug given IV bypasses the liver, preventing the first-pass effect form taking place, more drug reaches circulation What does enteral, parenteral and topical routes mean Enteral- the GI tract (mouth, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines) SL, Buccal Parenteral- non-oral administration, injected directly into the body, IV, SUBCUT, Topical- skin, eyes, ears, nose, lungs, rectum, vagina What are the parenteral routes and which is fastest – IV- fastest, Intramuscular subcut. (into the fatty layer), intradermal (tb), intrathecal (spine), intraarticular What is meant by half-life and onset, peak and duration as well as peak and trough Time it takes for ½ of original drug in body to be removed. Measure of the rate at which drugs are removed from body. (usually 5 half-life) Onset- time it takes for the drug to elicit a therapeutic response peak- time it takes to reach maximum response, duration- how long drug is in body. Peak/trough: highest blood level/lowest BL What is meant by the terms tolerance, dependence, additive effect, synergic effect, antagonistic effect , incompatibility and idiosyncratic reaction Additive- similar drug, synergistic- greater than the sum, antagonistic – less than sum, one can affect the other, incompatibility- chemical deterioration. Idiosyncratic – we don’t know why/maybe genetic/ What is considered a teratogenic effect - Something that halts the pregnancy or causes a birth defect (congenital malformation) -Which trimester is the greatest danger for drug induced developmental defects (First trimester) and which trimester is the greatest percentage of maternally absorbed drug getting to the fetus (last trimester) What are the Pregnancy Safety Categories A B C D X and what do they mean Catergory A- studies indicate no risk to the human fetus (Vitamin C) B- no risk to animal fetus, info for human is not avai. C-adverse effect reported in animal fetus, info for human not avai. D-possible fetal risk in human has been reported, X- fetal abnormalities (acutene) Why is breast feeding the same pregnancy for these categories- breast feeding infants are at risk for exposure to drugs consumed by mother

What are factors that affect pharmacokinetics for the very young and very old patient Elderly- absorption/gastic ph less acidic, slowed gastric emptying, GI movement slow, low blood flow, less surface area due to flat intestinal villi/distribution/increase fat, tbw % lower, decreased protein/metabolism/less microsomal enzyme affect metabolism, less blood flow to liver/excretion/decreased glomerular filtration rate, less nephrons Infant-absoption/ph less acidi, gastric emptying slow, IM absorp. Faster n irregular/ distribution/ high % total body water, less fat, less protein binding, more drug to brain/metabolism/liver immature, less microsomal enzyme/excretion/immature kidney, decrease perfusion rate What is the best way to calculate pediatric drug dosage with age or weight – body surface area method/west nomogram/mg/Kg/ height in cm, weight in kg, surface area -What are some cultural considerations with respect to illness and responsiveness to medical treatment- changing national demographics, rapid&slow acetylator, genetic factor, polymorphism (age, gende,size, body comp.) How does HIPAA and the ANA code of ethics for nurses affect the practice of nursing Affect the nurse’s own ethical principles. What are the controlled substances schedule categories CI-CV CI- High None severe physical & psychological –highest potential for abuse CII-High accepted “ CIII-< CII “ moderate to low physical or high psychological CIV-...