The mosses of Mount Lumaku, Sipitang, Sabah, Malaysia PDF

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Tropical Bryology 33: 23-30, 2011 The Mosses of Mount Lumaku, Sipitang, Sabah, Malaysia Monica Suleiman1, Fadzilah Awang-Kanak2 and Dunstan P. Masundang1 1 Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. (monica.suleiman@gm...

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Tropical Bryology 33: 23-30, 2011

The Mosses of Mount Lumaku, Sipitang, Sabah, Malaysia Monica Suleiman1, Fadzilah Awang-Kanak2 and Dunstan P. Masundang1 1

Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. ([email protected]). 2 School of Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.

Abstract: A checklist of mosses collected from Mount Lumaku is presented. In total, there are 127 species, two varieties and one subspecies in 63 genera and 27 families of mosses recorded from this mountain, representing ca. 18 % of the reported taxa of mosses in Borneo. The largest family was Sematophyllaceae with 18 species and one variety, followed by Calymperaceae with 12 species and Dicranaceae with 11 species. Macromitrium salakanum Müll.Hal. is a new addition to the Borneon moss flora, while Distichophyllum santosii E.B.Bartram and Mitthyridium constrictum Sull. (H.Rob.) are new records for Sabah.

Keywords: Mosses, checklist, Mt. Lumaku, Crocker Range, Muaya waterfall, Borneo.

Introduction Mount Lumaku (1,966 m) is the highest point in the Sipitang District of Sabah situated on the most southern part of the Crocker Range. It is located about 53 km inland from Sipitang Town on the west coast of Sabah (Figure 1). The mountain is within the Sipitang Forest Reserve Class II (Commercial Forest), with a total area of 245,764 ha, which is under the jurisdiction of Sabah Forestry Department. It was formerly gazetted under Gn. Lumaku Forest Reserve in 1959. The summit of Mt Lumaku (N 4°50’49”, E 115o45’46”), is accessible by a logging track from Mendulong Village, on the western part of the mountain, via Sabah Forest Industries Sdn. Bhd. (SFI) plantation. However, the forest on the lower elevation of this part of the mountain has been harvested for timber and its foothills have been converted into forest plantations in recent decades. SFI has a timber licence covering ca. 288,000 ha of forest reserve Class II in south western part of Sabah, which includes 118,000 ha of the Sipitang Forest Reserve (Sabah Forestry Department 2008). The Muaya Research and Education Centre (MUAREC), which is managed by SFI, is a more accessible part of Mt. Lumaku. It is located at N 4°54’14” & E 115o45’37”, and is about 10 km away from the summit region of the mountain (Figure 1). The research centre is about 49 km from the Sipitang town. It is formerly known as Muaya Waterfall Recreation Centre, which was established in 2001 by SFI. This area is popularly known by the local people for its beautiful double-tiered Muaya Waterfall, which

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stands at 50 m high. This centre is part of a 300 ha of permanent protected area set aside by SFI for research, education and recreation. The area is covered by pristine forest ranging from 700 m to 1,200 m a.s.l. The centre itself is dominated by upper dipterocarp forest, while the ridge zone (from 1,000 m a.s.l.) is covered by heath forest. Despite Mt Lumaku is geologically one of the highest peaks of the Crocker Range, it receives less attention by botanists compared to the other mountains on the range, such as Mount Kinabalu. Thus far, there is no published report on the moss flora of Mt Lumaku. However, a few collections from this mountain and surrounding areas were cited in revisionary studies

Figure 1. Map showing the location of Mount Lumaku and Muaya Research and Education Centre (MUAREC). Inset: Map of Sabah showing Sipitang Forest Reserve.

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SULEIMAN ET AL.: THE MOSSES OF MOUNT LUMAKU, SIPITANG, SABAH, MALAYSIA

Table 1. Locality details of mosses collected from Mount Lumaku from 2003 to 2009. MS - M. Suleiman; AKF - A.K. Fadzilah Collection number

Locality and date of collection

MS 1271 – 1312 MS 1313 – 1322 MS-AKF 3359 – 3453 MS-AKF 3454 – 3528 MS-AKF 3529 – 3546 MS-AKF 4137 – 4139 MS-AKF 4140 – 4148 MS 4200 – 4228

Site 1, trail to the top of Muaya Waterfall, 778-1010 m alt., 4 Nov. 2003. Site 1, Muaya waterfall, along stream and boardwalk, 716-720 m alt., 5 Nov. 2003. Site 2, old logging road to summit region; 1300-1750 m alt., 29 July 2008. Site 1, Muaya Waterfall; 850-1050 m alt., 30 July 2008. Site 1, Muaya Waterfall, around resthouse and by boardwalk, 700 m alt., 31 July 2008. Site 1, Muaya Waterfall, along boardwalk, 700 m alt., 7 March 2009. Site 1, Muaya Waterfall, 700-750 m alt., 8 March 2009. Site 1, Muaya Waterfall, 900-1200 m alt., 5 August 2009.

and checklists, such as Touw (1971) and Klazenga (1999). Reese (1987) described a new species, Syrrhopodon meijeri W.D. Reese, from Mengalang Forest Reserve (E 115o29’, N 5o00’), Sipitang, which was collected by Willem Meijer in 1960 and housed in Leiden Herbarium. This forest reserve is adjacent to Sipitang Forest Reserve, thus the early collections of bryophytes from Mount Lumaku and surrounding areas may have been collected by Meijer.

Majority of the species were collected from Site 1 between the elevation of 700 m and 1,200 m. The lower elevation of Site 1 was dominated by Neckeraceae and Calymperaceae whereas the most common species in the heath forest (ca. 1,000-1,100 m a.s.l.) were Leucobryum sumatranum and L. javense, forming extensive carpets on the ground. Leucobryum is normally abundant in this type of sandy and low-nutrient forest in other parts of Borneo.

Materials and Methods Specimens of mosses were collected within the year 2003 to 2009 from two different sites of Mt. Lumaku: MUAREC (Site 1) and the summit region (Site 2) (Figure 1). Most of the collection was done in Site 1 which is more accessible than Site 2 (Table 1). Collections of mosses were carried out along all existing trails in both sites. Habitats and substrates information for each of the specimen collected were recorded. Specimens were identified and deposited at BORH and SAN.

Results and Discussion A total of 127 species, two varieties and one subspecies of mosses were identified from Mt Lumaku (Appendix 1). This number represents ca. 18% of the 736 reported taxa of mosses in Borneo (Suleiman et al. 2006, Suleiman & Akiyama 2007, Higuchi et al. 2008, Suleiman et al. 2009, Ho et al. 2010, Mohamed et al. 2010, Ellis et al. 2010). Sematophyllaceae has the highest diversity with 18 species and one variety, followed by Calymperaceae and Dicranaceae with 12 and 11 species, respectively (Table 2). The collection included a new record for Borneo, Macromitrium salakanum Müll.Hal. In addition, two species are new records for Sabah, namely Distichophyllum santosii E.B.Bartram and Mitthyridium constrictum (Sull.) H.Rob.

Table 2. Summary of the mosses collected from Mount Lumaku.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27.

Family Bartramiaceae Bryaceae Calymperaceae Daltoniaceae Dicranaceae Diphysiaceae Fissidentaceae Garovagliaceae Hookeriaceae Hypnaceae Hypnodendraceae Hypopterygiaceae Leucobryaceae Mniaceae Meteoriaceae Neckeraceae Pilotrichaceae Orthotrichaceae Polytrichaceae Pottiaceae Pterobryaceae Racopilaceae Rhizogoniaceae Sematophyllacae Sphagnaceae Symphyodontaceae Thuidiaceae Total

Genera 1 2 7 3 5 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 2 1 6 4 1 1 1 3 3 1 1 9 1 1 1 63

Species 2 3 12 10+1 var. 11 2 7 5 1 6 5 3 9 1 6 5 1 5 3 + 1 subsp. 3 3 1 1 18+1 var. 1 1 2 127+2 var. + 1 subsp.

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SULEIMAN ET AL.: THE MOSSES OF MOUNT LUMAKU, SIPITANG, SABAH, MALAYSIA

Collection from Site 2 is limited due to its less accessibility. Furthermore, the primary forest in Site 2 is found only from 1,650 m to the summit. Nevertheless, several common species on upper montane forests in Borneo, not found in Site 1, were collected here, such as Sphagnum sericeum, Pogonatum cirratum subsp. cirratum and Macromitrium ochraceum. The results from the two study sites show that Mt Lumaku is rich in bryoflora, similar to that of Mount Trus Madi (2,642 m) and Mount Tambuyukon (2,579 m), with 153 and 111 of moss taxa, respectively (Suleiman & Edwards 2002, Suleiman et al. 2011). Mount Trus Madi (N 5°35’, E 116°30’) is in Tambunan District of Sabah and Mount Tambuyukon (N 6°12’, E 116°39’) is in Ranau District; the latter mountain is very close to Mount Kinabalu.

Acknowledgements. Authors would like to thank Sabah Forest Industries Sdn. Bhd. and Sabah Forestry Department for research permit and assistance given during the study. Special thanks to Dr. K. T. Yong and Dr B.C. Ho for helping with the identification of some species, and Arney Abdul Hamid and Azrie Alliamat of ITBC GIS Laboratory for producing the map. This study was partly funded by Universiti Malaysia Sabah Fundamental Grant UMS (ER/U034) and Nagoa Natural Environment Foundation Japan awarded to MS.

References Bartram, E.B. 1936. Borneon mosses, principally from Mount Kinabalu, Philippines Journal of Science 61: 235-250. Buck, W. R. & B. Goffinet. 2000. Morphology and classification of mosses. In: Shaw, A. J. & Goffinet, B. (eds.). Bryophyte Biology, pp. 71-123. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Dixon, H. N. 1935. A contribution to the moss flora of Borneo. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 50: 57-143. Ellis, L.T., A.K. Asthana, V. Sahu, B.H. BednarekOchyra, R. Ochyra, M.J. Cano, D.P. Costa, B. Cykowska, D.A. Philippov, M.V. Dulin, P. Erzberger, M. Lebouvier, H. Mohamed, J.D. Orgaz, N. Phephu, J. van Rooy, A. Stebel, G.M Suárez, M.M. Schiavone, C.C. Townsend, J. Váná, G. Vončina, Ö. Tonguc Yayintas, K.T. Yong & R.H. Zander. 2010. New national and regional bryophytes records, 25. Journal of Bryology 32: 311-321. Higuchi, M., T. Arikawa, T. & M. Suleiman. 2008. Mosses of Mt. Kinabalu, Borneo, Malaysia. Memoirs of the National Museum of Nature and Science 45: 93-104. Ho B.C, B.C. Tan & Y. Nathi 2010. New and noteworthy records of Distichophyllum (Daltoniaceae, Bryopsida) and allied genera in Asia and Australasia. Tropical Bryology 31: 106-122. Klazenga, N. 1999. A revision of Malesian species of Dicranoloma (Dicranaceae, Musci). Journal of Hattori Botanical Laboratory 87: 1-129.

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Mohamed, H., A. Damanhuri & B. Bakar. 1992. Three mosses new to Borneo. Journal of Bryology 17: 285288. Mohamed, H., K.T Yong & A. Damanhuri. 2010. Mosses of north-western Maliau Basin with notes on the phytogeographical affinities. In. Komoo, I., Mazlan Othman, Ikram M. Said & A. Latiff. Maliau Basin: Physical environment and biological diversity of the northern rims. Kuala Lumpur: Academy Sciences of Malaysia & Sabah Foundation Group. Reese, W.D. 1987. Nomenclature of paleotropical Calymperaceae, with description of Syrrhopodon meijer, sp. nov. The Bryologist 90:201-211. Sabah Forestry Department. 2008. Fact sheets of Forest Reserves in Sabah. Kota Kinabalu: Sabah Forestry Department. Suleiman, M., H. Akiyama & B.C. Tan. 2006. A revised catalogue of mosses reported from Borneo. Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory 99: 107-183. Suleiman, M. & H. Akiyama. 2007. Checklist of mosses from Southern Part of Maliau Basin Conservation Area, Sabah, East Malaysia. Journal of Tropical Biology and Conservation 3: 67-75. Suleiman, M. & S.R. Edwards. 2002. Mosses of Trus Madi, Sabah, Malaysia. Tropical Bryology 21: 5764. Suleiman, M., D.P. Masundang & B.C. Tan. 2009. A checklist of mosses from Golden Hope Oil Palm Plantation and surrounding areas, Tawau, Sabah, East Malaysia. Journal of Tropical Biology and Conservation 5: 53-60. Suleiman, M., K.T Yong, D.P. Masundang & R. Rimi. (in press). 2011. The mosses of Mount Tambuyukon, Kinabalu Park, Sabah, Malaysia. Sabah Parks Nature Journal 9. Tan, B.C. & H. Robinson. 1990. A review of Philippine Hookeriaceous taxa (Musci). Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 75:1-41. Touw, A. 1971. A taxonomic revision of the Hypnodendraceae (Musci). Blumea 19:211-354.

First submitted 23.02.2011; reviews returned 15.08.2011; final acceptance 29.08.2011; published online dd.mm.yy;

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SULEIMAN ET AL.: THE MOSSES OF MOUNT LUMAKU, SIPITANG, SABAH, MALAYSIA

Appendix 1 - Checklist of mosses of Mount Lumaku, Sipitang, Sabah.

Fissidens polypodioides Hedw. On soil, 1600-1700 m, MS & AKF 3374, 3441, 3443, 3445.

The sequence arrangement of families follows that of Buck & Goffinet (2000). Species reported for the first time for Sabah and Borneo are marked with ‘*’ and ‘**’respectively. MS - M. Suleiman; AKF - A.K. Fadzilah.

Campylopus ericoides (Griff.) A.Jaeger. On boulder, 1500 m, MS & AKF 3366.

SPHAGNACEAE

Campylopus crispifolius E.B.Bartram On rotten log, 1030 m, MS 1303.

Sphagnum sericeum Müll.Hal. On rock, 1750 m, MS & AKF 3449.

DICRANACEAE

POLYTRICHACEAE

Campylopus umbellatus (Schwägr. & Gaudich. ex Arn.) Paris On rotten logs and soil, 1000-1500 m, MS & AKF 3361, 3363, 3366, 3518.

Pogonatum cirratum subsp. macrophyllum (Dozy & Molk.) Hyvönen On soil, 1600 m, MS & AKF 3377, 3378.

Dicranoloma assimile (Hampe) Paris On tree trunk and humus, 1000 m, MS & AKF 3508, 3509.

Pogonatum cirratum subsp. fuscatum (Mitt.) Hyvönen On soil, 1020 m, M.Suleiman 1285.

Dicranoloma billardierei (Brid.) Paris On humus, 1012 m, MS 1306.

Pogonatum neesii (Müll.Hal.) Dozy On soil, 1600 m, MS & AKF 3375, 3379, 3383.

Dicranoloma blumei (Nees) Renauld On treelet trunk, 1100 m, MS & AKF 4213.

Pogonatum piliferum (Dozy & Molk.) Touw On rock, 920 m, MS & AKF 3473.

Dicranoloma braunii (Müll.Hal.) Paris On tree trunks and branches, and rotten logs, 10501650 m, MS & AKF 3413, 3414, 3499, 3502, 3506, 4207.

DIPHYSIACEAE Diphyscium granulosum P.C.Chen On rock, 716 m, M.Suleiman 1313. Diphyscium mucronifolium Mitt. On rock, 1000 m, MS & AKF 3461.

Dicranoloma brevisetum (Dozy & Molk.) Paris On tree trunks, rotten logs and humus, 1050-1650 m, MS & AKF 3426, 3494, 4206. Dicranella setifera (Mitt.) A.Jaeger On wet soil, 1470-1610 m, MS & AKF 3364, 3382.

FISSIDENTACEAE Fissidens crenulatus var. elmeri (Broth.) Z.Iwats. & Tad.Suzuki On tree buttress, 900 m, MS & AKF 3466. Fissidens ceylonensis Dozy & Molk. On rock, 1700 m, MS & AKF 3444. Fissidens crispulus Brid. On rock by a stream, 700-1000 m, MS & AKF 3516, 3537, 4141. Fissidens geminiflorus Dozy & Molk. On wet stone-wall, 950m, MS 1285. Fissidens javanicus Dozy & Molk. On rock, 850 m, MS & AKF 3454, 3459. Fissidens nobilis Griff. On rock, 850-900 m, MS & AKF 3458, 3469.

Holomitrium cylindraceum (P.Beauv.) Wijk & Margad. On fallen log, 850 m, MS & AKF 3456. This species was first recorded in Sabah by Bartram (1936) as H. vaginatum. This is the second record for Sabah. Leucoloma molle (Müll.Hal.) Mitt. On tree trunks, 1030-1650 m, MS 1288, 1300; MS & AKF 3416, 3477, 3504, 3532. LEUCOBRYACEAE Leucobryum aduncum var. scalare (Müll.Hal. ex M.Fleisch.) A.Eddy On soil, 700 m, MS & AKF 3546. Leucobryum arfakianum Müll.Hal. ex Geh. On tree and shrub trunks, 1050-1750 m, MS 4209; MS & AKF 3450, 3452, 3505.

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Leucobryum bowringii Mitt. On soil and boulder, 1200-1650 m, MS 4226; MS & AKF 3397. Leucobryum chlorophyllosum Müll.Hal. On tree trunks, 700-800 m, MS & AKF 3531, 3545. Leucobryum javense (Brid.) Mitt. On boulder and shrub trunk, 1000-1500 m, MS & AKF 3365, 3526. Leucobryum sumatranum Broth. ex M.Fleisch. On humus,tree root and soil, 1000-1650 m, MS & AKF 3376, 3392, 3489, 3527. Schistomitrium apiculatum (Dozy & Molk.) Dozy & Molk. On rotten and fallen logs, 1050 m, MS & AKF 3503, 4205. Schistomitrium mucronifolium (A.Braun) M.Fleisch. On tree trunk, 1100 m, MS 3497. Schistomitrium robustum Dozy & Molk. On tree trunks, 1027-1150 m, MS 1289, 4223; MS & AKF 3498.

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Mitthyridium undulatum (Dozy & Molk.) H.Rob. On shrub trunks, 1050-1150m, MS 4208, 4219. Octoblepharum albidum Hedw. On tree trunk, 700 m, MS & AKF 3529. Syrrhopodon aristifolius Mitt. On tree trunk, 700m, MS & AKF 3534. Syrrhopodon involutus Schwägr. On fallen log, 950 m, MS & AKF 3475. Syrrhopodon japonicus (Besch.) Broth. On tree trunk, 1100 m, MS 4215. Syrrhopodon muelleri (Dozy & Molk.) Sande Lac. On tree trunk, 780 m, MS & AKF 4146. Syrrhopodon tristichus Nees ex Schwägr. On cliff and tree trunk, 1650-1750 m, MS & AKF 3419, 3451. ORTHOTRICHACEAE Macromitrium fuscescens Schwägr. On fallen log, 850 m, MS & AKF 3457.

POTTIACEAE Barbula javanica Dozy & Molk. On cliff, 920-950 m, MS & AKF 3474, 3484, 3487. Hyophila involuta A.Jaeger. On concrete by a stream, 700 m, MS & AKF 3539. Pseudosymblepharis bombayensis P.Sollman On cliff, 950 m, MS & AKF 3480, 3481.

(Müll.Hal.)

Macromitrium longicaule Müll.Hal. On rotten log, 1600 m, MS & AKF 3381.

Macromitrium ochraceum (Dozy & Molk.) Müll.Hal. On fallen branch and rotten log, 1550-1650 m, MS & AKF 3370, 3380, 3388, 3422. Macromitrium orthostichum Nees ex Schwägr. On fallen branch, 750 m, MS & AKF 4145.

CALYMPERACEAE Arthocormus schimperi (Dozy & Molk.) Dozy & Molk. On tree trunk, 700 m, MS & AKF 3533. Calymperes fasciculatum Dozy & Molk. On tree trunk, 1200 m, MS 4228.

**Macromitrium salakanum Müll.Hal. On fallen logs and branches, 750-1100 m, MS 4211; MS & AKF 4147. This species is widely distributed in Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Sulawesi, Philippines and New Guinea. Thus, its occurrence in Borneo is expected. BARTRAMIACEAE

Exostratum blumei (Nees ex Hampe) L.T.Ellis On tree trunk, 900 m, MS & AKF 3465. Leucophanes octoblepharioides Brid. On tree trunk, 700-1000 m, MS & AKF 3524, 3530. *Mitthyridium constrictum (Sull.) H.Rob. On tree trunk, 1000 m, MS & AKF 3510. This species has been recorded in Sarawak and Kalimantan Barat (Suleiman et al., 2006). Its funnel shaped leaves apices separate it from other species of the genus.

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Philonotis calomicra Broth. On soil, 1300 m, MS & AKF 3359. This species was first recorded for Sabah from a R.E. Holttum’s collection (Dixon, 1935). This is the second record from Borneo. Philonotis secunda (Dozy & Molk.) Bosch & Sande Lac. On boulder, 800-1000 m, MS & AKF 3513, 3543.

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BRYACEAE

DALTONIACEAE

Brachymenium nepalense Hook. On Melastoma tree trunk, 1650 m, MS & AKF 3385.

Calyptrochaeta cf. ramosa (M.Fleisch.) B.C.Tan & H.Rob. On boulder by a waterfall, 1000 m, MS & AKF 3522.

Bryum clavatum (Schimp.) Müll.Hal. On soil, 1300 m, MS & AKF 3362. Bryum billarderi Schwägr. On stone-wall, 950 m, MS 1281.

Calyptrochaeta remotifolia (Müll.Hal.) B.C.Tan & Touw On rock, 1000 m, MS & AKF 3470.

Z.Iwats.,

MNIACEAE

Distichophyllum angustifolium Dixon On rotten log, 1650 m, MS & AKF 3409.

Plagiomnium integrum (Bosch & Sande Lac.) T.J.Kop. On tree root by a stream, 1700 m, MS & AKF 3435.

Distichophyllum cuspidatum (Dozy & Molk.) Dozy & Molk. On tree trunk, 1200 m, MS 4227.

HYPNODENDRACEAE

Distichophyllum cf. kinabaluense Nog. & Z.Iwats. On wood, 900 m, MS & AKF 3471. The leaf apices of this specimen are not acuminate and its lamina cells are also not strongly collenchymatous as in the typical D. kinabaluense (Tan & Robinson, 1990).

Hypnodendron beccarii (Hampe) A.Jaeger. On tree trunk, 1700 m, MS & AKF 3436. This species has been reported by Touw (1971) from Mount Lumaku. Hypnodendron dendroides (Brid.) Touw On rotten log, 1650 m, MS & AKF 3399. Hypnodendron diversifolium Broth. & Geh. On rotten log, boulder and tree root, 750-1700 m, MS 4204; MS & AKF 3438, 4114. Hypnodendron milnei subsp. korthalsii (Bosch & Sande Lac. ex Paris) Touw On rocky cliff, 7...