The Muscular System BS - Grade: B PDF

Preview

Summary

General Zoology Muscular System Name: JOSEPH ISAAC P. BAQUIRAN Date: 11/23/ Year & Section: BS-BIO 1A Laboratory activity #: Directions: Write your answers in a clean sheet of bond paper. Gmail address: gen@gmail. Deadline: November 23, 2021 at exactly 2pm. I : The Muscle StructureMuscle Structu...

Description

General Zoology Muscular System Name: JOSEPH ISAAC P. BAQUIRAN

Date: 11/23/2021

Year & Section: BS-BIO 1A Laboratory activity #: Directions: Write your answers in a clean sheet of bond paper. Gmail address:[email protected]. Deadline: November 23, 2021 at exactly 2pm. I : The Muscle Structure Muscle Structure Using the “Muscle Structure” chart, identify and label the selected structures in Table 1. You can use your lecture notes and textbook to help you with identification. TABLE 1: Muscle Structure

A. FASCIA

K. ENDOMYSIUM

B. TENDON C. BONE

L. XAXON OF MOTOR NEURON M. BLOOD VESSEL

D. MYOFIBRIL

N. FASCICLE

E. THIN FILAMENTS

O. PERIMYSIUM

F. THICK FILAMENTS

P. ENDOMYSIUM

G. MUSCLE FIBER

Q. MUSCLE FIBER

H. FASCICLE

R. NUCLEUS

I. EPIMYSIUM

S. SARCOLEMMA

II: Muscle Contraction and Size As a muscle contracts, multiple actin and myosin fibers throughout the muscle are being grabbed and pulled, causing the entire muscle to shorten.

This creates firmness and sometimes T. SARCOPLASMIC the appearance of a bulge in the center of the RETICULUM muscle. In this activity, you will be investigating the relationship between a muscle contraction and the

J. PERIMYSIUM

size of the muscle. Procedure:

1. You will be working in pairs and will need a tape measure. Have your partner rest their forearm on a desk

or table and relax the arm as much as possible. Wrap the tape measure around the upper portion of the arm and measure the circumference of the upper arm. Record your data in the table below in the Biceps/Triceps “Circumference Relaxed” box. 2. Have your partner put his/her hand under the table or desk with palm up and pull up hard against the

desk/table to contract the biceps. Measure the circumference of the upper arm and record the data below. 3. Have your partner push the palms down hard on the desk/table to contract the triceps and measure the

circumference. Record data below. 4. Have your partner relax their forearm and measure the circumference. Now make a fist to contract the

forearm and measure the circumference of the forearm. Record data below. 5. While sitting, have your partner relax their leg as much as possible and measure the circumference of the

upper leg. Record the data in the Quadriceps/Hamstrings “Circumference Relaxed” box. 6. Now have your partner flex the quadriceps as tightly as possible (the knee should be straight) and measure

the circumference. 7. Have your partner stand and bend the knee to the “glutes” while contracting the hamstrings. Measure and

record the circumference of the thigh. 8. Measure the circumference of the calf relaxed. Have your partner do a calf-raise

(stand on the toes) and measure the circumference. 9. For each muscle in the table, subtract the circumference contracted from the

circumference relaxed to determine the difference in size between the relaxed and contracted muscle.

Table 3: Muscle Contraction and Size Circumference Body Part

Relaxed (cm)

Biceps

Circumference Contracted (cm) 23

21

List all muscles contracting in movement Difference (cm) 2

Flexor carpi groups, biceps brachii, and

deltoids Triceps

2

Flexor carpi groups, biceps brachii, and deltoids

1

Triceps, brachii, biceps, brachialis, and brachioradialis

1

Quads, adductor longus

47

2

Quads, adductor longus

32

1

Quads, adductor longus

23

Forearm 22

23

45

46

Quadriceps Hamstring Calf

31

Summing Up Questions 1. What muscles would be used to: a. carry a tray? Flexor carpi groups, biceps brachi, and deltoids b. do a sit-up? Abdominal obliques, rectus abdominis, lats. c. kick a soccer ball? Quads, adductor longus d. stand on your tiptoes? Gastrochemius, archillies tendon

III. Answer the questions. 1. Which proteins connect into the Z disc? Which proteins are present in the A band? In the I band? Actin and Titin anchor into the Z-Disc. A-Bands contain myosin, actin, troponin, tropomyosin, and titin. 2. What happens to the I band and H zone as muscle contracts? Do the lengths of the thick and thin filaments change? When muscle contracts, the H zone (central region of Azone) which consists of thick filaments is shortened and the I band which contains only thin filaments is also shortened during the time of contraction.

3. What would happen if ATP suddenly were not available after the sarcomere had started to shorten? If ATP were not available, the cross-bridges would not be able to detach from actin....