THE Seagull BOOK OF Stories PDF

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Gissel Rodriguez ENGL 101 THE SEAGULL BOOK OF STORIES INTRO Point of view Point of view- the perspective a certain event is described by certain people. Narrator- The person who “tells” the story First person narrator- Uses words such as “I” or “we” First person observer- example, “I saw the thief” First person participant- example “Just as I ran off” Unreliable- Not trustworthy Third person narrator- Does not refer themselves with “I” (just an observer) Omniscient- reveal unspoken thoughts Editorializing- person who everyone cherish as a friend Limited omniscient- only knows the thoughts of one character not everyone Central consciousness- depict the thoughts and feelings that pass through the mind Stream of consciousness- a person's thoughts and reactions towards an event, preserve as continuous flow. Interior monologue- Expressing the characters inner thoughts Character Protagonist- Main character Dynamic characters- they change Antagonist- opposes the protagonist Static character- do not change Sympathetic character- characters that appeal to have good wishes Plot Plot- series of events that are unified Equilibrium- balance Complication- Disruptions Conflict- the problem/ the struggle between the protagonist and other characters Raising action- raising tension Climax- point in the story where the conflict is decided Resolution/ denouement- New state of equilibrium is established Reversal- A change to an opposite direction Epiphanies- An experience of sudden striking realization

Setting Setting- Location in which the story takes place Atmosphere/mood- the emotional state Projection- the writer shows the characters emotions though the setting Enveloping action- including a sense of historical period/ world problem Symbolism Symbol- an object that represents something else most often an abstraction Universal symbols- a symbol that everyone recognized as a reference to something else. Conventional symbols- a symbol that everyone recognized due to culture Literary symbol- an object with meaning limited to only some context regarding particular work or literature. Allegory- characters or objects have one to one connection with whatever they represent. Motifs Motif- image, object, character, situation, theme that the author uses repeatedly through their work. How Do You Write about Stories? Interpretive essay- you tell the readers what you think the story means, then you make an argument using evidence from the text. Theme, Meaning, and Interpretation Theme- what the story is about on an abstract level Meaning- what it has to say about the theme Thesis- a sentence or two that sums up the interpretation of something The Writing Process Recursive- related to or involving the repeated application of a rule or principle 1. Discovery- you find things to say, discover ideas and also things to say a. Reading the story, then re-reading it b. Close reading, reading it with a meaning and looking for specifics Heuristics- approach to problem solving or self-discovery that employs a practical method that is not guaranteed to be optimal, perfect, or rational, but is nevertheless sufficient for reaching an immediate, short-term goal or approximation Ways to generate Ideas 1. Talk 2. Class discussion 3. Brainstorm 4. Free Writing 5. The proverbial shower

2. PlanningA. Offer an assertion defining the theme 3. Drafting- actually write what resembles a paper. A. Your purpose is to get your ideas down on paper for the first time in paragraph format. 4. Revising1. 2. 3. 4.

Finding your thesis Outlining Redrafting Write an introduction a. Get your readers interest b. Introduce the relevant theme your discussing c. Deliver your thesis 5. Editing 6. Citation 7. Proofreading Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961) ● Ernest finished writing “Hills Like White Elephants” while on his honeymoon in France in May 1927. ● His second wife was Catholic. ● He set the story in Spain, one of the most Catholic countries in Europe in the early 1920s. Hills Like White Elephants ● The mountains looked like white elephants Ernest Hemingway, Wrestling With Life (documentary) ● He ended his own life ● 1950 he was declared the most important writer after Shakespeare ● He first wrote about someone who committed sucidie in the school(highschool) newspaper ● In 1917 he was rejected by the army for having poor vision so he joined the red cross. ● In 1919 he was returned to America from Italy as a war warrior ● Stan was key to Hemingways development ● Hemingway was super competitive with his writing ● Hemingway loved Spain because the people there were straight and the language was as it is.

● Hemingway had his first baby, he was a baby boy. Whom was named after a bullfighter. ● Hemingway said he had no style of writing; it was more of his awkwardness in writing that was seen as his style. ● Hemingway biggest critics was his parents, his mother criticized his work “the sun always rises” ● Hemingway build his own boat “The Pilar” ● “A farewell to arms” was inspired during his time in Italy and his first romance. The finest things he has done. Great commercial success ● His father Ed committed suicude, he suffered from a lot of medical issues so he was rather pessimistic. ● His long line of family members were suicidal. ● Hemingway’s standards for his sons was very high ● “Death in the afternoon” where he explored his thoughts about death. ● During Hemingway’s hunt (first time) he killed over thirty animals including three lions ● Hemingway taught his kids the outdoors like his father had taught him. ● A person who back in the day can drink so much was to be rewarded ● Him writing and him drinking were a total different person ● Martha was the only wife that left him because she was very outgoing and put her needs before his ● Mary wanted to be the last Hemingway wife, so they often had a lot of arguments. ● Hemingway had a hard life, his son had an accident, his second wife died, and also his mother all happened closely in time. ● When the two close editors died, MaxWell Perkins and Charles, they came bitter blows for Hemingway. ● The most sentimental moments of Hemingway where the letter of condolence towards Charles ● He suffered from high blood pressure and weight problems. ● Hemingway received the nobel prize of literature and he couldn't be any happier, however he was very ill to accept the prize. ● He drinks a quart of whiskey everyday, even when he was told by the doctors to stop drinking. ● In 1960, was taken to the male clinic where he was declared to have depression. They thought the way to make him better was electroshock. ● He was released from the clinic but lost the ability to write, which made life not have a meaning. ● Hemingway killed himself, he blew his head off, self inflicted gunshot. ● He is honoured and described as an icon.

Joyce Carol Oates ● The inspiration for this story was a Life magazine feature on the “Pied Piper of Tucson” ● Pied Piper of Tucson was about a serial killer who seduced and murdered a teenage girl. ● The first draft of this story was called “Death and the Maiden” Where are you going, Where have you Been? ● Connie was a 15 year old ● June was Connie's older sister; she was 24 and still lived with them. She was a secretary at Connie's high school. ● Connie had long dark blonde hair, part of it was pulled up and puffed the rest she let it sit on her back. ● Bobby King, the artist Connie listened to, his music was great. ● Arnold Friend was in the car with his friend Ellie Oscar ● The secret code printed in the car was 33,19,17 ● All the designs on the car were made by “Crazy Woman Driver” ● She remembered where she met those guys, she remembered them from back in the restaurant. ● Connie's girl best friend is named Betty

Araby, James Joyce Interesting fact: The story Araby is one of 15 short stories that combined make up the collection Dubliners by James Joyce’s. The stories were written between 1904 and 1906, however they were not published up until 1914. ● The forment tenant of the house, a priest, had died in the back-drawing rooms. ● On Saturday evenings her aunt went marketing. She had to go to carry some of the parcels. ● Her eyes were often full of tears (she did not know why) Thematic Claim: This story is Joyce's way of telling us about the loss of innocence and also religion. The loss of innocence about the belief of religion and romance. Death Symbols: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Darkness “Dark muddy lanes”,(Araby 237) “Dark dripping gardens”,( “Araby 237) “Dark odorous stables”, (Araby 237) Shadow “Brown figure”,(Araby 238) “Dark rainy evening”, (Araby 238) “Cold empty gloomy rooms”, (Araby 240) “Brown- clad Figure”, (Araby 240) “Greater part of the hall was in darkness”,(Araby 241)

Religious Symbols: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Retreat Covent “ A silence like that which pervades a church after a service”,(Araby 241). “Summons to all my foolish blood”, (Araby 238). Prayers Praises “Creature” “ I saw myself as a creature driven and derided by vanity”, (Araby 242). How the narrator worships Mangan’s sister He compares her to a “chalice” that he is protecting from a “throng of foes”. “I imagined that I bore my chalice safely through a throng of foes”, (Araby 238)....