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CRM100- Gender & Crime...

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CRM100- Gender & Crime Gender and Socialization  Socialization: Begins at a very young age- Colour stereotypes  Gender mimicry: give girls dolls and boys trucks  Supervision: Boys at front, girls in the back of a classroom  Internalization(females) V Externalization(males) Girls develop psychological through relationships while boys develop via success Gender & Offending  In Australia, female incarceration has increase twice as fast as it has for males (ABS 2016)  But male offending is still 2 to 4 time the rate of female offending (ABS 2018) Imprisonment rate in 2018: Males -25,240 Females- 1,984 Why is female crime increasing? Changes in socialization Greater participation in society Increase in mental illness Increase in child abuse- physical and mental Female pathways to crime-

Research indicates that males begin offending prior to substance abuse- opposite to females Testosterone linked to risk taking and aggression Gender and Victimisations  Reporting issues  Are male victims taken as seriously as female victims?  Official figures o Physical violence by stranger:  Men 16.9*  Women 5.0* o Physical violence by known person:  Men 12.4*  Women- intimate partner 21.0*; cohabitating 17.9*; other 12.4* *per 100,000

Stalking Questionable data because of reporting and recording by police MenEx-partner Infatuated Delusional/ fixated Sadistic WomenDelusional/ fixated Domestic violence WA- Offenders: Males 80.7% Breech of restraining orders: Males- 2,768 Females- 602 Behaviours vs outcomes Males cause more damage therefore to get harsher outcomes, females use more equipment to commit abuse Legal responseProvocation (partial defence) Historically used by males Jealousy  Maintain control, in response to losing it  Defend affronted honour Keogh- Successful claim of provocation Historical Vicki Cleary left a relationship with Peter Keough History of domestic violence, and post breakup stalking Day before: Peter assaulted Vicki Then he approached her, armed with a knife He repeatedly stabbed her (she dies of her injuries) Provocation: She swore at him when he approached her outside her workplace, and not wanting to resume the relationship Self defence (full defence) Historically: Equal, proportionate, immediate Domestic violence: learned helplessness, attempts to leave Changes: reasonable fear, established history of abuse...