UNIT 4ce - Apuntes 4 PDF

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UNIT 4: LAW ENFORCEMENT POLICE CONCEPT -

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Term Police – derived from the Greek word polis o During Roman times the word adopts the usage we know today Today’s use of the term Police and policing o The work of a public, nonmilitary agency, that is given the power to enforce the law and secure public order through the use of legitimate force. The most basic function of government to ensure a sense of security Use of force

FUNCTIONS OF POLICE -

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Police perform various functions: o Crime prevention o Apprehension of lawbreakers o Riot control o Community service o Protection against internal security threats Democratic Policing o Must be responsible (true to the law) (los delitos tienen que ser perseguidos de acuerdo a la ley) and responsive (adaptable).

DEMOCRATIC POLICING -

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There are a least for key elements that must be present to promote the democratization of the police. o All citizens must have total access to police assistance o Police must be accountable to the law and not government o Police must be professional and respect human rights o Transparency Non-democratic societies

MODERN POLICING -

There are at least three generalizations about modern policing around the world o They are mirror image of their parent society o They are organizationally structured in one of 3 ways:  Centralized, semi-centralized, decentralized o They perform two major tasks: 1

Deviance control  Refers to the police mission and tasks that enforce community values and laws  Civil order control  Refers to the duty of police to respond to, supervise, or control two or more citizens in any situation that may disrupt the peace and tranquility of a society  Political component o The functions of police reflects particular historical developments in each country 

OPERATIONAL ISSUES -

Countries possess unique characteristics that help to form police operations and culture Some keys issues are of concern to most police agencies around the world o Community policing o Handling diversity o Increased privatization o The growth of international police cooperation

COMMUNITY POLICING -

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Describes programs that represent collaborative efforts between the police and the public identify crime problems and find solutions. CP has grown due to o The ever-present hostility between police and many segments of the public o Crime rates seemed impervious to conventional deviance and civil order control activities Four key elements to CP o Community – based crime prevention o Reorientation of patrol activities to emphasize non-emergencies o Accountability to the public o Decentralization of command There is no consensual model of CP in the world United States o Local event o Zero – tolerance policing o Intelligence – based policing  Compstat 2

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Criticism o What may work in one country may not work in another o Its true impact is difficult to determine o Proactive policing can be intrusive: looking for info or waiting until crime happens?

DIVERSITY -

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The police must treat all people with respect and in a fair and professional manner The police need to improve how they interact with diverse population o Training should be culturally sensitive o Legislation should protect minorities o Strategies should be developed to improve police relationships with ethnic communities The police should reflect the diversity of the population that it polices

PRIVATIZATION -

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Many forms o Uniformed guards o Security firms o International security firms Fastest growing component of policing o Why? Citizens more afraid; decrease of public budgets destined to police Concerns o Lack of regulation o Quality issues o Lack of legal accountability o Inability to coordinate with public security agencies

INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION -

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Factors that have influenced that growth of international police cooperation: o Increase in international crime o Autonomy from political arena, as time goes by o Longevity and credibility of international police organizations What are the goals of international police cooperation? Agencies: o Interpol o UNODC o Europol 3

o UNPOL: peace operations

POLICE MODELS -

Democracy Anglo-Peelian: citizen – focused Democratic continental: law based, more militaristic Developing countries: few financial resources that might lead to corruption Authoritarian: governmental force Asian: emphasis on cultural norms to augment social order

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