Week 1 Assignment discussion bst 322 PDF

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Week 1 Assignment BST 322 1. (1 pt) For each of the following (a through d), indicate which is a variable and which is a constant: a. The number of minutes in an hour. (Constants) b. Systolic blood pressure.(Variable) c. Freezing temperature of water in degrees Kelvin.(Constant) d. Ratings of daily anxiety. (Variable) 2. (1 pt) For each of the following research questions, identify the independent variable and the dependent variable within each case (a through d): a. Does a person’s age affect psychological adjustment following burn injury? (Age= IV / Psychology= DV) b. How do physically handicapped children differ from nonhandicapped children with respect to health concepts? (Health Concepts = IV / Handicapped= DV) c. Do patients with a family support system in place have lower pain ratings than patients with no family support system in place? (Family Support = IV / Lower Pain Rating= DV) d. Is the intracranial pressure of comatose patients affected by acupuncture treatments? (Acupuncture = IV / Intercranial Pressure= DV) 3. (1 pt) For each of the variables listed below, indicate which is discrete and which is continuous: a. Number of patients in an ICU ward (Discrete) b. Length of a chin implant (Continuous) c. Number of hospital beds in a step down facility (Discrete) d. Tidal volume, measured in mLs, of a patient recovering from surgery (Continuous) 4. (2 pts) For each of the variables listed below, indicate whether the measure is nominal, ordinal, interval, or ratio: a. Degrees, on the Celsius scale (Interval) b. Student’s class rank (Ordinal) c. Ratings of a hospital based on care surveys ranked as “Poor, Fine, Good, Exceptional” (Ordinal) d. Survival 5 years out after surgery (yes/no) (Nominal) e. Average cholesterol level of a group of control patients in a study (Ratio) f. Settings of tick exposure for Lyme disease designated as “Woodland, Park, City, Suburb” (Nominal) g. HDL Cholesterol levels (Ratio) h. Faculty rank (Clinical Assistant Professor, Associate Professor, Full Professor) (Ordinal) 5. (2 pts) The following data represent the number of times that a sample of residents in nursing homes who were aged 80 or older fell during a 12-month period. 3 4 0 1

3 1 1 3

4 0 1 1

1 3 1 1

1 2 1 0

2 6 1 4

1 1 3 6

1 0 2 9

2 0 1 0

0 1 0 1

Construct a frequency distribution table for this set of data in StatCrunch, showing the absolute frequencies, relative frequencies, and cumulative relative frequencies. Would it be advantageous to group the data before constructing a frequency distribution? Why or why not? Construct a Summary Statistics table in StatCrunch to list the n, mean, mode, Skewness and Kurtosis of the data. Paste your work from StatCrunch into your assignment.

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Week 1 Assignment BST 322 No I don’t think it would be a advantage to group the data because each nursing home is its own entity and would make it more difficult to pinpoint a nursing home with a higher than normal falls which could be a result of different practices between nursing homes Frequency table results for Nursing Falls: Frequency table results for Nursing Falls: Count = 40 Nursing Frequenc Falls y 0 8 1 17 2 4 3 5 4 3 6 2 9 1

Relative Frequency

Cumulative Frequency

0.2 0.425 0.1 0.125 0.075 0.05 0.025

8 25 29 34 37 39 40

Summary statistics: Column Nursing Falls

n Mean Mode Skewness 40 1.825 1 1.8515846

Kurtosis 4.0998108

6. (1 pt) Using information from the frequency distribution in Exercise 5, answer the following: a. What percentage of the nursing home residents had at least 1 fall? 42.5% b. What number of falls was the most frequent in this sample? 1 c. What number of falls was least frequent in this sample? 9 d. What percentage of residents had 2 or fewer falls? 75.5% 7. (1 pts) Draw a graphic of the frequency distribution of the data in Exercise 5 using StatCrunch. Copy and Paste your graphic from StatCrunch into your Word document submission. Describe the shape of the frequency distribution in terms of modality and skewness. Is the number of falls normally distributed?

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Week 1 Assignment BST 322

Graph has a Positive skew and leptokurtic point which is unimodal

8. (2 pts) Draw a graphic (bar graph and a pie chart) of the “marital” status of the data set from Week 1’s Discussion question 2 using StatCrunch (the excel file is named “Week 1 Discussion Question 2 Data”). You can also find the file in the “Course Resources” area. Construct a frequency distribution table (showing the absolute frequencies, relative frequencies, and cumulative relative frequencies for marital status). What percentage of the participants are married? Is it meaningful to calculate the cumulative frequency with this data set? Why or why not? Copy and Paste your graphics (including the frequency table) from StatCrunch into your Word document submission. What percentage of the participants are married? 7.1% participants are married Is it meaningful to calculate the cumulative frequency with this data set? It is meaningful to see the data above and below the never married data point which can be useful to prove particular points in comparisons to the never married group.

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Week 1 Assignment BST 322

Frequency table results for marital: Count = 845 marital Frequenc Relative Frequency y Divorced 152 0.17988166

Cumulative Relative Frequency 0.17988166

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Week 1 Assignment BST 322 marital Married Never married

Frequenc Relative Frequency y 60 0.071005917 633 0.74911243

Cumulative Relative Frequency 0.25088757 1

9. (1 pt) The following set of numbers represent the scores of 30 psychiatric inpatients on a widely used measure of depression. What are the mean, median, and mode for these data?

41 31 27

27 40 39

32 23 26

24 27 34

21 39 48

28 33 38

22 42 29

25 30 36

35 46 24

27 30 37

If the values of the mean, median, and mode are not the same, discuss what this suggests about the shape of the distribution. Construct a Graphic of the distribution of this data using StatCrunch to prove your point. Copy and Paste your graphic from StatCrunch into your Word document submission. The mean, median and mode are not the same because of the variations of psychiatric scores 27 was the number repeated the most the mean 32.03 is the average and the median also know as the middle is 30.5 this shows a variation of scores throughout the score range as you see in the pie graph and based of the median 30.5 large amount of the scores are concentrated around 30.5 for the mean, median and mode to match the data needs to be more focused on to a single number meaning more needed to score with in a tighter range around a score and vary 1 or 2 points difference Summary statistics: Column Pyschiatric Score

Mean Median Mode 32.033333 30.5 27

10. (1 pt) The following 10 data values are systolic blood pressure readings. Compute the mean, range, standard deviation, Q1, Q3, IQR and variance for these data using StatCrunch. Are there any outliers in this data set? Plot a boxplot to prove your answer. Copy and Paste your work from StatCrunch into your Word document submission. Yes there are outliers 170 and 90 130 120

125 130

160 130

120 140

170 90

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Week 1 Assignment BST 322

Summary statistics: Column

Mean

Systolic Blood Pressure

131.5

Range

Std. dev.

80

Q1

Q3 IQR

22.117113 120 140

20

Variance 489.16667

11. (1 pt) For each blood pressure in Exercise 10 above, compute a Z score. Systolic Blood Pressure Z Score 130

-0.06782078799673036

125

-0.2938900813191649

160

1.2885949719378766

120

-0.5199593746415994

170

1.7407335585827457

120

-0.5199593746415994

130

-0.06782078799673036

130

-0.06782078799673036

140

0.3843177986481387

90

-1.8763751345762065

12. (2 pts) The following data designate whether patients in two groups (experimental and control) complied with a medication regimen. The experimental group participated in an intervention designed to promote perceived mastery over health events: 6

Week 1 Assignment BST 322 Control group Patient # 1 2 Complie ye n d s o Experimental group Patient # 17 1 8 Complie ye n o s d

3 n o

4 n o

5 ye s

6 ye s

19

20

21

ye s

ye s

ye s

2 2 n o

7 n o

8 n o

9 no

10 no

11 no

12 ye s

13 no

14 no

15 no

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

no

no

no

ye s

ye s

ye s

no

ye s

16 ye s

Using StatCrunch, construct a contingency table for these data, computing both row and column percentages, with totals and all labels for each of the four cells and totals. Copy and Paste your StatCrunch table into your Word document submission. Contingency table results: Rows: Control Patient Group Columns: Experimental Patient Group Cell format Count (Row percent) (Column percent) (Percent of total)

Control Patient Group No (Row Complied %) (Column Complied %) (Percent of total) Yes (Row Complied %) (Column Complied %) (Percent of total) Total (Row Complied %) (Column Complied %) (Percent of total)

Experimental Patient Group no yes 5 5 (50%) (50%) (83.33%) (62.5%) (35.71%) (35.71%)

Total 10 (100%) (71.43%) (71.43%)

1 (25%) (16.67%) (7.14%)

3 (75%) (37.5%) (21.43%)

4 (100%) (28.57%) (28.57%)

6 (42.86%) (100%) (42.86%)

8 (57.14%) (100%) (57.14%)

14 (100%) (100%) (100%)

13. (1 pts) Below are the values for diastolic and systolic blood pressure for 10 people: Diastolic: Systolic:

90 80 90 78 76 88 80 70 76 74 130 126 140 118 114 112 120 110 114 136

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Week 1 Assignment BST 322 Using StatCrunch, construct a scatterplot that shows the relationship between the two variables. Copy and Paste your work from StatCrunch into your Word document submission. Verbally describe the direction and magnitude of the relationship. I feel overall the direction is towards a positive direction despite the extremes on both sides of high and low blood pressure

14. (1 pt) Compute the correlation coefficient (Pearson’s r) in StatCrunch to summarize the relationship for the data presented in Exercise 13. How accurate was your description? Correlation between Systolic and Diastolic is: 0.43811963 Yes it seems to be accurate but I can see how its hard for some to understand the scatterplot due to the spread of it .

15. (2 pts) Below are Global carbon dioxide concentrations and the measured change in Global temperature (Temperature Anomaly) for a period in our recent past: YEAR 1981 1985 1989 1992 1995 1999 2002 2005 2009 2012 2017

CO2 Concentration (ppm) 339.93 343.13 350.17 355.25 360.15 364.05 372.01 380.14 384.12 399.21 419.12

Temperature Anomaly (ºC) .043 .098 .211 .368 .410 .566 .625 .714 .885 1.07 1.20 8

Week 1 Assignment BST 322 Using StatCrunch, construct a scatterplot that shows the relationship between the two variables (carbon dioxide concentrations and the measured change in Global temperature). Calculate the r value using StatCrunch. Copy and Paste your work from StatCrunch into your Word document submission. Verbally describe the direction and magnitude of the relationship you find. What does this tell you about Global warming?

Correlation between CO2 Concentration (ppm) and Temperature Anomaly (ºC) is: 0.98502757 0.75 < r < 1(Positive, Strong) The data shows as CO2 increases that the Temperature Anomaly also increases

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