Week 1 What is Biostatistics PDF

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🥋Week 1 : What is BiostatisticsOverarching Learning Objectives Understand basic statistical concepts used in Medical research Understand basic descriptive and inferential statistical methods used in medical research publications  Interpret results of commonly used statistical analyses Comm...

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Week 1 : What is Biostatistics Overarching Learning Objectives Understand basic statistical concepts used in Medical research Understand basic descriptive and inferential statistical methods used in medicalresearch publications Interpret results of commonly used statistical analyses Communicate the results of statistical analyses accurately and effectively Learning objectives for this lecture To be aware of the critical role biostatistics plays in research and in our clinical decision making To become familiar with and give examples of different types of data in health and medical research What is the definition of biostatistics? Discovering patterns and structure in data Scientific application of mathematical principles to collection, analysis , presentation of numerical data Application of statistical tools Why is biostatistics important?

Credibility of studies Interpret vital statistics - HR, BP (mean) Develop health care policies Implementation of diagnostic procedures Conducting medical research Understanding medical/epidemiological problems Clinical decision making

What is a population? A set of all individuals of interest What is the difference between categorical and numerical data? Give an example for each. Categorical : Qualitative - characteristics, qualities e.g. Eye colour, pain severity, Smoking status, Marital status, occupation type, Blood group Numerical : Quantitative - can be measured and expressed numerically e.g. Height , Weight, Age, mortality rate NUMBER

What is discrete data and what is continuous data? Give an example of each.

Discrete : certain specific values, ends at a point. whole number, e.g. Number of kids, Number of heart beats Continuous : continuous scale values e.g. Height, Age, Weight, cholesterol level (can include decimals)

Explain the 4 different scales of measurement , Nominal, Interval, Ordinal, Ratio, each one with an example. Nominal - *a.k.a categorical - no magnitude or order , put ppl into categories, cant add or subtract e.g. ethnicity Asian, White- British), Hair colour, Gender Interval - no absolute zero interval, equal intervals e.g. Temperature (in Celsius), Years 2005,1996 etc) Ordinal - any scale that is ordered (ascending) , 1st, 2nd , 3rd, severity scale e.g. Aggression Weak, moderate, strong), socioeconomic status(low, middle, high), satisfaction rating (dislike, neutral, like, extremely like) , education level ( high school, degree, masters , PhD Ratio - any scale with equal interval, has absolute zero point, u can add subtract divide e.g. Weight, Height, pulse What is the difference between binary and dichotomous variable? No difference, they are the same A.K.A What is a binary variable? Only 2 possible answers/values. Yes or no What is the difference between an independent and dependent variable? Independent : exposure, what u change, what is manipulated Dependent : outcome, What is affected by IV, Identify the IV and DV variable in the following : 1. A study investigating the effect of alcohol intake during pregnancy on congenital anomalies 2. A study investigating the risk of lung cancer in smokers

3. A study to determine whether how long a student sleeps affects test scores

1 - IV : Alcohol intake ; DV : congenital anomalies 2 - IV : Smoking ; DV : Lung cancer risk 3 - IV : Length of student sleeping ; DV : test scores What is categorical vs numerical data? Categorical : Numbers assigned to categories e.g. Yes 1, No = 2 or Female = 1 , Male 2 Numerical : can be categorised e.g. Age band 1825, 2635, 3645

Identify the quantitative variables. Age, Height, LDL, Number of Children **ID is just someone's identity, we wont analyse data so we wont count it as a quantitative variable **Social Class is not a number - researcher just assigned it to a number , dont get confused **Blood group is not a numerical value Identify the qualitative variables Gender, Blood group, Feeling happy, Smoking, Social Class Identify the continuous variables

Height, Age, LDL *Number of - tells us that its a discrete data Identify the discrete variables Number of children Identify the ordinal variables Social Class, Feeling Happy (cuz there is an order) *Blood grp is wrong cuz ppl can have diff blood type but there is no superior or inferior blood group Identify the nominal variables Gender, Blood group Which are binary data? Smoke, Gender, Other e.g. Do u have diabetes, Are u pregnant -yes or no. If LDL is categorised into borderline LDL, Near optimal LDL, high LDL, and very high LDL, What type of variable is this? Ordinal and categorical If number of children is further categorised into no of children group 01, 2, what type of variable is it? Categorical...