Week 2 Heart Lab - lab ap 3 PDF

Preview

Summary

lab ap 3...

Description

BIOS255 Week 2 Cardiovascular System: Heart Learning outcomes: ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

Identify the chambers of the heart. Identify the location and function of valves within the heart. Describe the flow of blood through the heart. Define stroke volume and cardiac output. Understand how the cardiovascular system responds to exercise. Understand how cardiac output and blood pressure can be measured. Understand how heart rate, stroke volume and cardiac output change with exercise.

Introduction: The heart is a strong muscular pump with 2 complementary sets of vessels: one for the systemic and one for the pulmonary circulation. The pumping of the heart is essential in the delivery of oxygen to the millions of cells of the body and in the removal of their waste products. The heart pushes deoxygenated blood to the lungs and oxygenated blood around the entire body. It must continually beat to sustain life and so its muscular walls are made of specialized cardiac muscle cells that carry their own intrinsic contractile rhythm. All cells within the body must be supplied with enough oxygenated blood each minute to meet their cellular metabolic demands. During exercise and processes such as tissue repair, cells are metabolically active and require more oxygen from the blood, thus increasing the workload of the heart. At rest, the metabolic demands of cells are less and therefore the heart doesn't need to work as hard to supply them with the oxygen they require. The body must adapt to these changing requirements. Cardiac output is a measure of the flow of blood. We will examine the variables that make up the cardiac output, learn how to measure these variables, and then put some experiment subjects to work to see how exercise alters cardiovascular function. Let’s head to the cardiac exercise lab! Assignment: Part 1: Complete Labster “Cardiovascular function during exercise: learn how your body responds to exercise” As you complete the lab, have the lab report ready to record data. The theory section is a good resource. Part 2: Complete the Lab report.

Heart Lab report 1. What measurements did you obtain from the test subjects? (1 point) The measurements I obtained from the test subjects was cardiac output, diastolic pressure, systolic pressure, stroke volume, heart rate, and oxygen consumption.

2.

Record the data: (3 points)

HR at rest

HR max exercise

SV at rest

SV max exercise

CO at rest

CO max exercise

Subject A

60

150

70

120

4.2

18.0

Subject E

80

200

40

35

3.2

7.0

3. a. Define stroke volume in words. (1 point) Stroke volume is the amount of blood pumped out of the ventricle in one beat. SV is the volume of blood pumped by the heart in a single heartbeat. Blood is pumped in different or multiple directions by both left and right ventricles.

b. What is a normal stroke volume at rest in a healthy individual? (1 point) A normal stroke at rest is a healthy individual is 70mL/beat.

4. a. Define cardiac output in words. (1 point) Cardiac output is the volume of blood ejected from the left to right ventricle into the aorta or pulmonary trunk each minute. Co is calculated by multiplying HR and SV. Co is measured in units such as liters per minute. (L/min.)

b. Define cardiac output with the equation. (1 point) CO=(mL/beat) CO=(SV X HR)

c. What is a normal cardiac output at rest in a health individual? (1 point) A normal cardiac output rest in a health individual is 5 L/min.

d. How does an increase in heart rate affect cardiac output (assuming no change in stroke volume)? (1 point) An increase in heart rate affects the cardiac output because it changes the heart rate and stroke volume. When the heart rate is increasing it will cause the cardiac output to increase as well. When the heart rate is decreasing it will cause the cardiac output to decrese.

5. Given that cardiac output did not increase as much as oxygen consumption rate (which increased 8x), what is the most likely mechanism that could allow increased oxygen delivery by the cardiovascular system? (1 point) The mechanism that could allow increased oxygen by the cardiovascular system increasing the blood flow.

6. Compare the change in heart rate and stroke volume and cardiac output with exercise between Subject A and Subject E. What does this suggest regarding the health of the heart of Subject E? (1 point) The heart rate for subject A at max exercise was 150, subject E at max is 200. Stroke volume for subject A at max is 120 and stroke volume at max for subject E is 200. Regarding the health of subject E this may mean they could have an underlying heart condition.

7. Describe the flow of blood, in order, starting at the superior vena cava, through the heart, to the lungs. Continue with the flow of blood from the lungs to and through the heart to the aorta.

Include the 4 chambers of the heart, the 4 valves, and the major blood vessels entering or leaving the heart. (3 points) Starting at the superior vena cava blood goes to the right atrium then to the tricuspid valve, to the right ventricle, pulmonary valve to the pulmonary artery in the lungs, pulmonary veins, left atrium to the bicuspid/mitral valve, to the left ventricle to the aortic semi-lunar valve to the aorta and then the rest of the body to deliver oxygen.

Grading Rubric for Lab Report Activity Part 1 Part 2 Total

Abbreviations: HR=heart rate SV=stroke volume CO=cardiac output

Deliverable Complete Labster Complete lab report Complete all lab activities

Points 15 15 30...