Week 3 - Radiographic Errors PDF

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Summary

Common radiographic errors to watch out for, and examples with pictures of the radiographic errors....

Description

Radiographic Errors Common Issues with Traditional Radiography - Underdeveloped films - Overdeveloped films - Overlapped films - Fingerprints - Fingernail artifact - Scratches - Light leak → Underdeveloped - Too light, my not have appropriate setting

→ Overdeveloped - Too dark, incorrect setting, of developer/fixer solution

not correct temperature

→ Overlapped - Films over lapped over each other, this occurs when inserts film in slots

→ Fingerprints - Holding the film incorrectly

→ Fingernail Artifact - Long nails can bend the film

→ Scratches - Mishandling of films

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→ Light Leak Lights are turn on to early in developing room (analog = dark) Digital = too light

Common Issues with Digital Radiography - 3 Categories:

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Operator artifacts Image processing artifacts Defective sensor artifacts

PSP Plates - How must we care for these plates? - Do not crease (bending corner to help position in mouth) - Avoid scratching/soiling - Do not store in hot/moist area - Protect from direct light - Pick up using two fingers around the edges (watch for powders on gloves) Important PSP Notes - ALWAYS erase if haven’t been used in 24 hours - Good practice to just erase regardless - Best to use PSP cleaning wipes if cleaning needed - Disinfect only if necessary Operator Artifacts - Cone cut - Distortion - Double images (double exposure) - Underexposed images - PSP plate flipped - Overlapped sensor plate images – overlapped before scanning - Noisy images – too much exposure to light

→ Distortion - Mishandling of the plate Peeling on outside of PSP

Image Processing Artifacts - Incorrect scanning resolution - Horizontal white line

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Half images Reduction of image size

→ Horizontal White Line Caused by: - mishandling of plate

Defective Sensor Artifacts - Scratch/bite mark (similar to horizontal white line) - Peeling of coating from PSP - Surface contamination (eg. Glove powder)

→ Surface Contamination (Glove powder)

When in Doubt….. - It is likely your film: - Was not erased properly - Was over/underexposed - Was exposed to light - Bitten/scratched/handled improperly Common Panoramic Artifacts

- Get the tongue out of the way

- Superimposition of spine over condyles, narrowed anterior teeth. - Biting too far forward on bite block. - Common with mixed dentition.

- Spine over top of anterior teeth. - This is why we tell our clients to step forward slightly.

Other Errors - Too large of a smile or frown - Frankfurt Plane not aligned with parallel lines through tragus - Anterior teeth too large - Biting too far back on bite block - Radiopaque artifacts and ghost images General Exposure Errors - Unexposed receptor - Receptor exposed to light - Overexposed receptor - Underexposed receptor

What do these all look like?

← Improper Placement →

← Incorrect Horizontal Angulation →

← Incorrect Vertical Angulation → Technique Errors

Incorrect Vertical Angulation - Intercuspated Bitewings distorted image

Film Crease Phalangioma - Hold film with finger, outline of finger Client movement

Client Movement

Determining Age -

Very important skill Panoramic rads exposed often for children Important to know their age and eruption dates so you can determine if client is right on track growth-wise Good to know for clinical assessment as well – example…. Let’s work through a couple examples together

Which teeth are present? - Max anterior - Man Anteriors - 6s Which have not erupted yet? 7s Compare to eruption dates - Around 8-9 years

Which teeth are present? - Max lat and central incisors - 6s Which have not erupted yet? - 3s - 7s Compare to eruption dates - 10 years

M→ 1st → Molar→ 6-7 I→ 1st→ Incisor→ 7-8 I→ 2nd → Incisor→ 8-9 P→ 1st → Premolar → 9-10 P→ 2nd → Premolar → 10-11 C→ Canine → 11-12 M→ 2nd → Molar→ 12-13 M→ 3rd → Molar 17-21...