Week 5 Lab Activity - Bones PDF

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Anatomy Bones Lab...

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Lab Activities for Lab 5: Bones INSTRUCTIONS FOR THIS LAB: complete the Activities on this handout, create a PDF, and upload to Gradescope. Activity 1: Histology of the Osteon Activity 2: Using Complete Anatomy a. Skull b. Forearm Activity 3: Bone Naming Lab Activity OBJECTIVES FOR THIS LAB: 1) review the osteon, and 2) practice learning to identify ALL of the bones by name. I recommend starting with the larger bones of the upper and lower limbs and then continuing onto the axial skeleton. The skull has many bones that fit together and will take some extra practice. There are many resources available to you to use to practice. In addition, we recommend purchasing a skeleton so that you can touch bones. Resources Lab Videos: many individual videos are available on iCollege (start with Bones and then Bony Landmarks and then there are specific groupings under “Other Bony Landmarks videos”) • • • •

Skull Vertebrae Upper Extremity Lower Extremity

Practice Anatomy Lab: Anatomical Models and Cadaver sections both have lots of bone pictures • • •

You can click the name to hear the pronunciation You can rotate the bone to see it in 3D and different views You can use the “quiz” to quiz yourself

Mastering A&P Study Area: Bone Videos •

There are short, 2-4 minute videos on many of the individual bones.

Complete Anatomy app: • •

Turn on the Skeleton, rotate, zoom in and out, click on a bone to see the name Turn on additional levels of Skeleton functions to see different landmarks

Textbook: •

Use your textbook as a resource, there are lots of pictures of bones with the bony landmarks labeled in Chapter 7

ACTIVITY 1: HISTOLOGY OF THE OSTEON • • •

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Go to histologyguide.org and search for slide MH 044, Ground Bone. Find one osteon (Osteon #1, #2, or #3), take a screenshot, label these components, and include as one page of your PDF. (You can insert it here, or attach it as a separate page in the PDF). Components to label: o The central canal o One lacuna o One lamella o Canaliculi (this is plural) o Where are the osteocytes found? In the righthand panel, there is a link to EM 217 Osteon. Click here to see another view of the osteon, in higher resolution, using electron microscopy.

ACTIVITY 2A: USING COMPLETE ANATOMY SKULL ACTIVITY: Directions: Clear your workspace. To begin, make sure all systems are off and that the Bone level of the skeletal system is selected. Click the Home button to restore the model to starting position. Isolate the skull. On the bottom left corner, select Models and then Head and Neck anatomy region. Rotate the model to a right lateral view. Select all vertebrae, the hyoid bone, clavicles, sternum and ribs by first clicking on one bone and then using the Multiselect tool. Use the Select Area tool to select multiple bones at once by drawing a box around them. Once all bones are selected, remove them from view by clicking the Hide tool. You should now have only the skull and teeth visible as shown in the image below. Press the Exit button to return to the model. Rotate the model to an anterior view. Save your model by clicking the Save Screen button and giving it the name “Skull.” Identify bones of the skull from a midsagittal section. The goal of this exercise is to create a midsagittal section of the skull by removing the left half of the skull to allow you to see inside the skull from a lateral view. Start with an anterior view of the skull. Rotate it to a left lateral view. Click on the left temporal bone and hide it by clicking the Hide button. Continue this approach to hide the left parietal, zygomatic, maxilla, lacrimal, nasal, palatine, and inferior nasal concha bones and all teeth on the left side of the skull. Rotate the skull back to an anterior view. Click on the Tools button to open the Tools menu. Use the Cut tool to draw a line vertically through the midline of the mandible. The mandible should turn green and a pair of scissors should appear. Click on the scissors to cut away the left half of the mandible. Continue this process to cut away the left halves of the sphenoid, ethmoid, frontal and occipital bones. Note that you may need to rotate the model to a superior view to make some of the cuts. When you are done, click the Done button to return to the model. Save your model by clicking the Save Screen button and giving it the name “Skull midsagittal section.”

Question: Examine the midsagittal section of the skull from a left lateral view. What two bones form the septum? Answer: 1. _Ethmoid Bone_______________________ 2. __Vomer Bone_______________________

Insert your screenshot of the skull - midsagittal section.

ACTIVITY 2B: USING COMPLETE ANATOMY FOREARM ACTIVITY: Directions: Clear your workspace. To begin, make sure all systems are off and that the Bone level of the skeletal system is selected. Click the Home and Reset buttons to restore the model to the starting position. Isolate the left and right radius and ulna. In the top right corner use the Search tool to find “radius.” Click on “Radius (Left)” in the list and then click Hide Others. Then in the Search tool click “Radius (Right).” Then search for “ulna,” click on “Ulna (Left)” and then “Ulna (Right).” Click on the Search button again close the tool. Rotate the model to an anterior view and save your model by clicking the Save Screen button and giving it the name “Forearm bones.” Click on the left and right radius and ulna to examine them from various angles and use the Parts and Surfaces buttons to explore their regions and markings.

Questions: (Fill in the blank) The radius is always _lateral__ to the ulna. Which bone extends more distally at the wrist? ___Radius__________

Insert your screenshot of forearm bones.

ACTIVITY 3: BONE NAMING LAB ACTIVITY Find the PDF also posted to iCollege. Name the bone marked in each picture (with highlighting, a white line, or an asterisk). Be sure to use the correct singular name and indicate right or left.

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Bone Name Temporal Temporal Sphenoid Sacrum and Coccyx Cervical Vertebrae Frontal Lumbar Vertebrae Sternum Sphenoid Cervical Vertebrae Lacrimal Mandible Thoracic Vertebrae Nasal Humerus Rib (Right) Ethmoid Clavicle (left) Scaphoid (right) Occipital Inferior Nasal Concha Cuboid (Right) Hip Bone Tibia (Right) Scapula (Right) Femur (Right) Fibula (Right) Zygomatic Vomer Nasal Parietal Ulna (Right) Maxilla Navicular (Right) Capitate (Right)...