Week All Tutorial - bmet4961 PDF

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Week All Tutorial - bmet4961...

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Tissue Tutorial: Final Exam Prep EXAM FORMAT: 

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12 questions (10 mins each) o 6 compulsory (2 stem cells, 2 general about TE, 2 biomaterials) o 10-12 elective (choose 6) Double sided handwritten A4

Week 1: Intro to Tissue Engineering x2 

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Understand the field o (What is TE? What does it involve? How has it evolved? Why did TE become an active field?) Need for tissue engineering Difference in approaches between then and now o (Techniques changed? – from rudimentary approaches to become multidisciplinary and how concepts have changed) Challenges to be solved Future perspectives (e.g. addressing those challenges)

Week 2: Biomaterials x2 

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Essential and desirable characteristics for TE specifically (What these characteristics mean?) o Consider titanium, zirconia are NOT synthetic biomaterials for TE Natural and synthetic biomaterials for TE o Common characteristics o Adv. and Disadv. Polymeric and ceramic biomaterials for TE o Common characteristics o Adv. and Disadv’

Week 3: Stem Cells (do not need to focus on specific research) x2    

Embryonic stem cells Adult stem cells (mesenchymal stem cells) o Still need to know general characteristics but use MSCs as primary example Induced pluripotent stem cells Differences, advantages and disadvantages o When applied to tissue engineering application o ESCs and iPSCs (both similarities are pluripotent, similar morphological characteristics)  Concentrate on differences and their applications for TE

Week 4: Skin Tissue  

Need for skin tissue engineering o Why need? Tissue engineered epidermal and dermal substitutes o Focus on the clinical created products already available on market  What they involved  How are they applied?  Drawbacks  methods to address these drawbacks

Week 5: Bone tissue engineering 

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Scaffold properties for bone TE o Make sure to highlight high porosity and interconnectivity (what are the specific characteristics for bone tissue engineering) o Biodegradability  match rate of bone tissue regeneration Advantages and disadvantages of different types of scaffold materials for bone tissue engineering o Use Hala’s research as example

Week 6: Cancer and tissue engineering  

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Mechanism of cancer metastasis Modes of migration used by cancer cells o Mesenchymal and ameboid depend on characteristics of matrix and this influences on mimicking native environment in your TE approach o Need to consider which mode of migration you want to study and how you want to study cancer metastasis Factors to consider when developing an in vitro model to study cancer cell behaviour o Look at end of her lecture

Week 7: Tropoelastin  

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What is it? Self-assembles into elastin fibres for different TE applications Characteristics useful for general TE? o Gives matrix elasticity o Not good for articular cartilage  since native cartilage does not contain elastic fibres (hence cartilage cells will not survive) o Natural material  elastic properties o Modifiable properties  tailorable properties Characteristics useful for engineering specific tissues? o Dermal  supports dermal fibroblasts proliferation and e o Cardiovascular  EC proliferation, anti-thrombogenic properties, inhibit SMC proliferation

Week 8: Tissue engineered vascular grafts   

Clinical need for developing them o Problems with current vascular grafts (mismatch resistance) Essential requirements o High compliance and burst pressure resistance General approaches used to produce them o Electrospinning o Combining with tropoelastin (good for coating inner surface since antithrombogenic but insufficient strength, hence need PCL sheet)

Week 9: Injectable materials 

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Injectable bone cements o Know there are different types of cements and what they’re called o Similarities and differences between them Injectable hydrogels o Similarities and differences between them Applications and examples o Where can they be applied? o 1 or 2 examples of how they have been applied in TE scenarios

Week 10: Ceramics in TE x2 

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Main types of ceramics and their general characteristics for TE o Calcium phosphates (HA, B-TCP), o calcium silicates (new class of biomaterial SR- granite materials modification of calcium silicate matrix by adding additional trace elements), o bioactive glasses (amorphous 45S5)  Amorphous bioactive glass  amorphous better than crystalline structure since maintain bioactivity (still a challenge)  However, after sintering, bioactivity Is lost and bioactive glass forms a crystalline rigid structure, which is good but has lost its bioactivity  Addition of oxides (e.g. MgO) have increased the bioactivity Ceramic’s general characteristics for TE o HA is slow degrading o Beta calcium phosphate o Biphasic calcium phosphate (modulate degradation rate by varying composition) o Strong bioactivity and bond to soft tissue

No need to know fabrication techniques 

Examples of applications o Replaced tibia in sheep o Applying ceramics for TE applications...