WHAT IS THE Purpose OF THE Components Required FOR Successful Communication PDF

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What is computer network? A group of two or more computing devices connected via a form of communications technology. For example, a business might use a computer network connected via cables or the Internet in order to gain access to a common server or to share programs, files and other information. Communications: A system that enables users of telephones or data communications lines to exchange information over long distances by connecting with each other through a system of routers, servers, switches, and the like.

Computer Netwo Networr k Classifica Classification tion and Area Networks Computer networks can be categorized in several different ways. One approach defines the type of network according to the geographic area it spans. Local area networks (LANs), for example, typically span a single home, school, or small office building, whereas wide area networks (WANs), reach across cities, states, or even across the world. The Internet is the world's largest public WAN

Network Design Computer networks also differ in their design approach. The two basic forms of network design are called client/server and peer-to-peer. Client-server networks feature centralized server computers that store email, Web pages, files and or applications accessed by client computers and other client devices. On a peer-topeer network, conversely, all devices tend to support the same functions. Clientserver networks are much more common in business and peer-to-peer networks more common in homes. A network topology defines its layout or structure from the point of view of data flow. In so-called bus networks, for example, all of the computers share and communicate across one common conduit, whereas in a star network, all data flows through one centralized device. Common types of network topologies include bus, star, ring networks and mesh networks.

THE IMPORTANCE OF COMPUTER NETWORK Information and communication are two of the most important strategic issues for the success of every enterprise Information and communication are two of the most important strategic issues for the success of every enterprise To overcome these obstacles in an effective usage of information technology, computer networks are necessary. They are a new kind (one might call it paradigm) of organization of computer systems produced by the need to merge computers and communications. At the same time they are the means to converge the two areas; the unnecessary distinction between tools to process and store information and tools to collect and transport information can disappear. Computer networks can manage to put down the barriers between information held on several (not only computer) systems. Only with the help of computer networks can a borderless communication and information environment be built. Computer networks allow the user to access remote programs and remote databases either of the same organization or from other enterprises or public sources. Computer networks provide communication possibilities faster than other facilities. Because of these optimal information and communication possibilities, computer networks may increase the organizational learning rate, which many authors declare as the only fundamental advantage in competition.

Both computers and computer networks are indispensable to us now. All workplaces contain computers, and they are invariably interconnected. If they are connected via a LAN, they can communicate with other computers. In most residential flats, computers are connected to the Internet through dial-up or broadband connections for e-mail, Web browsing, and the like. Apart from at home and in the office, computer networks are present in all mass transport systems for the smooth operation of ticketing systems, carriage signaling, and safety protection and performance analysis. Doing business requires computer networks as well. When we eat or shop, computer networks come in to connect the ordering, inventory and payment systems. The administration of a country or a city also needs computers and computer networks. For example, computer networks are required to allow access to information, including citizen and business registration information, at different government offices. Computer networks are required to support checking our identity at border control points, and for operating traffic lights.

WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF THE COMPONENTS REQUIRED FOR SUCCESSFUL COMMUNICATION, AND WITH ARE VARIOUSE SENDING AND RECEIVING DEVICES?  Computer communications describes a process in which two or more computers or devices transfer data, instructions, and information. Successful communications requires a sending device that initiate a transmission instruction, a communications device that connect the sending device to communications channels, a communications channel on which the data travels, a communications device that connects the communications channel to a receiving device, and a receiving device that accepts the transmission of data, instructions, information. All types of computers and mobile devices serve as sending and receiving devices in a communications system.

COMMUNICATION DEVICES  A communication devices is any type of hardware capable of transmitting data, instructions and information between a sending device and receiving device. A dial-up modern converts signals between analog and digital.  A wireless modern uses the cell phone network to connect to the internet wirelessly from a notebook computer, a smart phone or other mobile devices.  A wireless access point A router connects multiple computers or other routers together and transmits data to its correct destination on a network

COMMUNICATION CHANEL  Transmission media on which data travels in communication system Bandwidth is amount of data that can travel over channel transmission media are materials capable of carrying one or more signals.  How a request is sent over the internet using communications channel  Step 1-The sending device requests information using either a physical transmission media or a wireless transmission media  Step 2- When the request leaves the ISP, it travels over T1 lines, microwave stations, earth-based stations and communications satellite’s until it reaches the internet backbone.  Step 3- The request travels over T3 lines along the internet backbone.  Step 4- The request travels over T1 lines until it reaches the destination network server

Sending devices  Sending devices initiates the transmission of data, instructions & information while receiving device accepts the items transmitted.  Microcomputers, mini computers, and mainframes all can serve sending & receiving devices.  Besides, internet appliances and web enabled handled computers (e.g. cellular telephones, and pagers) can also serves as sending and receiving devices.  A microcomputer is a computer that can perform all of its inputs, process, output and storage activities by itself.  Microcomputers are often known as a personal computer (PC).  Microcomputers include desktop computers, tower model computer, notebook computer, and internet appliances.  These can be also referred to as sending and receiving computers.  Desktop computers are designed so that the system unit, input devices, output devices and any other devices fit entirely on a desk or table.  Tower model computers has tall and narrow system unit that usually suits on the floor.  Notebook computers which is also known as laptop computer is a portable, personal computer small enough to fit on the lap.  Handheld is also referred to as a palmtop computer, it is a small portable computer that fits in the hand of a user.  An internet appliance is a computer with limited functionally whose main purpose is to connect to the internet from home.

WHA WHAT T IS RECEIVING DEVICES? Is a device, such as an OPS receiver, a beacon receiver, or a receiving fax, which picks up or receives a signal emitted or sent by a transmitting device utilizing the same system. MICROCOMPUTERS  A microcomputer is a computer that can perform all of its input, process, output, and storage activities by itself.  Microcomputers are often known as personal computers (PC)  Microcomputers include: Desktop computers, tower model computers, notebook computers, handheld computers and internet appliances. MINICOMPUTERS  A minicomputers is often used in situations where by a microcomputer is not powerful enough but a mainframe is too expensive.  Minicomputers are also known as Emid-range serves, which can normally support up to several thousand users at the same time.  Users typically access a minicomputer via a Personal Computer or an Internal. MAINFRAME  A mainframe is a large, expensive, but powerful computer that can handle thousands of connected users at the same time.  Users typically access a mainframe via a personal computer or a terminal.  Typical users of Mainframe include banks, insurance companies, and airlines with sophisticated reservation systems. CELLULAR TELEPHONES  A cellular telephones is a telecommunication device that uses radio waves over a networked area (cells) and is served through a cell site or base station at a fixed landline or via the internet. PAGERS  A pager is a wireless telecommunication device that receives and displays alphanumeric messages or receives and announces voice messages. One-way pagers can also acknowledge, reply to, and originate messages using an internal transmitter.  A pager also known as Beeper, pagers operates as part of a paging system which includes one or more fixed transmitters (in that case of response pagers and two-way pagers, one or more base stations), as well as number of pagers carried by mobile users....