Writing Arguments Chapter 5 Skeleton Notes PDF

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Notes from a Writer's argument book assigned for the course, along with an access code with purchase. Here you go...

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Skeleton Notes Writing Arguments: Chapter 5 Moving Your Audience – Ethos, Pathos, and Kairos Learning Objectives: In this chapter you will learn to: 5.1 Explain how the classical appeals of logos, ethos, and pathos work together to move your audience. 5.2 Create effective appeals to ethos. 5.3 Create effective appeals to pathos. 5.4 Be mindful of kairos or the “timeliness” of your argument. 5.5 Explain how images make visual appeals to logos, ethos, pathos, and kairos. 5.6 Explain how audience-based reasons appeal to logos, ethos, pathos, and kairos. Logos, ethos, and pathos work together to create an impact on the what? To create an impact on the reader. Logos, ethos, and pathos are different aspects of the same whole, different lenses for intensifying or softening the light beam you project on the screen. List and explain four ways a writer can create credibility (ethos): 1. 2. 3. 4.

Be knowledgeable about your issue. Be fair Build a bridge to your audience Demonstrate professionalism

Explain how a writer can appeal to the reader’s emotions (pathos). It helps readers walk in the writer’s shoes. Allows us to see, feel, and taste the reality of a problem. When does pathos become illegitimate? When they confuse the an issue rather than clarify it. List and explain four strategies a writer can use to create appeals from pathos: 1. Concrete language 2. Specific examples and illustrations 3. Narratives 4. Words, metaphors, and analogies

Kairos is an arguments timing and appropriateness for the occasion. To be attuned to the total context of a situation in order to act in the right way and in the right moment is to think kairotically.

Where is a good place to establish the kairos of your argument ? opening sentences of your introduction. One of the most powerful ways to move your audience is to use photos or other images that can appeal to logos, ethos, pathos, and kairos in one glance. What is the challenge to using visuals? Is to find material that is straightforward enough to be understood without elaborate explanations, that is timely and relevant, and that clearly adds impact to a specific part of your argument. Review the activity for Writing and Discussion on pg. 77 and be prepared to discuss in class. Audience-based reasons enhance logos because they build on underlying assumptions (warrants) that the audience is likely to accept, but they also enhance ethos, pathos, and kairos by helping the audience identify with the writer, by appealing to shared beliefs and values, and by conveying a shared sense of an issue’s timeliness. List 5 questions to analyze your audience and why you should ask them: 1. Who is your audience? 2. How much does your audience know or care about your issue? 3. What is your audience’s current attitude toward your issue? 4. What will be your audience’s likely objections to your argument? 5. What values, beliefs, or assumptions about the world do you and your audience share?

Be prepared to discuss the thinking process used by the writer of the anti-soda tax argument in class....