Ytjty - first two questions of tutorial PDF

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DISCUSSION 1. What is the business value of e-record? Provide examples. An electronic record is data or information recorded by a computer/device which produced or received in the initiation, conduct or completion of an agency or individual activity. Electronic records have four primary values- administrative, legal, fiscal and historical which is important to remember that a record has more than of these values. Example: e-mail messages, word-processed, digital images, electronic spreadsheets. 2. What is e-discovery? Explain with details and examples the need of e-discovery. Electronic discovery – e-discovery refers to any process in which electronic data is sought, located, secured, and searched by using it as evidence in a civil or criminal legal case. E-discovery can be carried out offline on a particular computer or it can be done in a network. Also, e-discovery also involved in a legal case preserve, collect. eDiscovery use legal professionals with understanding of the data, how is stored, how it can be searched. Effective ways to conduct document discovery. eDiscovery is cloud- based software which offers case assessments, fact management, reviews, production, analytics and legal functionalities. 3. Compare between the two distributed databases. Partitioned Database Partitioned database is a form of clustering where two nodes will not have the same data In this database, each node has a limit to the amount of data it can store. So, they don’t have the second copy of the data since its does not have unlimited storage or multiple nodes to store This form of the database enables they data to distribute equally across all nodes

Replicated database It is a form of clustering where all nodes in the cluster have the same data In order to have the high availability of data. Even if nodes go down the data still available from other nodes.

This database uses separate nodes for write and read. Data is replicated from the write cluster to the read clusters Provide single nodes for read and write Providing multiple nodes for read and write operations operations 4. Visit Analysis Factory at analysisfactory.com Click view the interactive business solution dashboards. Select one type of dashboard and explain its value or features. Car Fuel Company   

This data shows the visualization of car fuel’s data per year -2015, 2016, 2017 There are three indicators in this data- Avg cost, fuel mileage and spent so far. In the first line chart ( Monthly-Cost), this line chart shows the cost, the km runs and the average of fuel per km in each year. The highest average fuel/km happened in Feb 2017 with the km runs of 2573, and avg fuel/km of 8.75 which cost 555 AED. The lowest Monthly cost happened in November of 2016 with the avg fuel/km of 7.78, Kms runs of 895 which cost 207 AED. The

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same highest and lowest values show in the same three-line graphs, except some breakdowns are differ between 2016 and 2017. The total spent Liters of fuel in 2017 was 2,012.91 along with 15538 km runs. The average Petrol cost by year and month line graph shows the highest point avg cost of petrol in August 2015 year with average of 2.4 UG95-Green. Also, the lowest breakdown happened in March 2016 with 1.36 average of UG95-Green. According to this dashboard we can estimate that the Monthly cost, Monthly fuel Avg and Monthly run between 2016 and 2017 years are more than 2015-2016 years.

5. What is data warehouse? Data warehouse is an electronic storage of a large amount of information of an organization. A data warehouse designed to run analysis and query on data and based on that the prediction and business decision making would be done. A data warehouse derived from transactional sources of business and data mining. Also, a data warehouse combines several sources of information into one database. For example, in business world, a data warehouse a data warehouse could be a company’s website, mailing customer information, and employees’ information. 6. Compare and contrast the characteristics of data warehouses vs databases in table format. Data Warehouse Data warehouse is an information system which stores historical data from one or more sources. Data warehouse is designed for analyzing and decision making. Data warehouse is subject oriented collection of data Data warehouse use OLAP Data warehouse are denormalized data modeling techniques are used for designing Data warehouse

Database Database is a collection of related data which represent some element of the real world Database is designed to record data Database is application-oriented collection of data Database uses OLTP Databases are complicated and normalized ER modeling are used for designing Database

7. What are the functions of Database Management Systems?  Data Dictionary Management: stores definitions of the data elements and their relationships.  Data Storage Management: is used for storage of data and any kind of related data entry forms, report, data validation rules, procedural code, and structures which can handle picture formats and videos.  Data Transformation and Presentation: with using this function database can determine the difference between data formats which is logical and physicals.  Security Management: this function controls and set rules for those users that are allowed to access the database with valid username and password.  Multiuser Access Control: this function enables multiple users to use and access the database simultaneously.  Backup and Recovery Management: with this function ensure the data safety and integrity when there is an outside threat to a database.  Database Communication Interfaces: this function allows the database to accept different end users’ requests from different networks.

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Transaction Management: this function will guarantee that all the updates are made or not made to a given transaction. Database Access Languages and Application Programming Interfaces: a query language is a nonprocedural language Data Integrity Management: this function reduces data redundancy, errors and data inconsistency inside the database.

8. What is data mart? A data mart is a subject-oriented database that is often a partitioned segment of an enterprise data warehouse. The subset of data held in a data mart typically aligns with a particular business unit like sales, finance, or marketing. Also, it enables users to retrieve information for single departments or subjects, improving the user response time. Because data marts catalog specific data, they often require less space than enterprise data warehouses, making them easier to search and cheaper to run. 9. There are two types of databases, describe each in details. Distributed Database: distributed databases store data from multiple computers, distributed databases may improve performance at end-user worksites by allowing transactions to be processed on many machines, instead of being limited to one. Also, distributed database is a database that consists of two or more files located in different sites either on the same network or on entirely different networks. Portions of the database are stored in multiple physical locations and processing is distributed among multiple database nodes. There are different types of distributed database which is Homogeneous Distributed Databases, Heterogeneous Distributed Databases, Client - Server, Peer- to-Peer. Centralized Database: All the data is a unified body that is stored on one computer. To get the information you have to connect to the main computer called server. A centralized database is a database that is located, stored, and maintained in a single location. This location is most often a central computer or database system, for example a desktop or server CPU, or a mainframe computer. It also improves data preservation, data security, reduces costs, improves data reliability and update speed. However, this system requires sophisticated hardware and software with highly skilled personnel. 10. What are the problems of data with file environments? Explain them in details  Data redundancy: duplicating of same information in different files  Difficulty in accessing data: it’s not efficient or convenient to access data on time  Data inconsistency: data redundancy cause data inconsistency  Limited data sharing: due to scattering of the in various files, it is difficult to share the data between different applications.  Integrity problems: the data stored in database is not reliable and correct  Security problems: database should be limited and safe while accepting a request from user, however this system don’t have any specific and sophisticated security.  Program-data dependency: while bringing changes in the program, require the same change into the data....