01 Cell cycle vocab and Key Concepts S14 PDF

Preview

Summary

Download 01 Cell cycle vocab and Key Concepts S14 PDF

Description

Section 1: Cell cycle and cell division Reading: Chapter 7 Watch and Learn:  Mitosis o http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1cVZBV9tDA&feature=share&list=UUEik-U3T6u6JA0XiHLbNbOw  Meiosis o http://www.youtube.com/watch? v=rB_8dTuh73c&feature=share&list=UUEik-U3T6u6JA0XiHLbNbOw Basic Key Concepts After completing the readings and practice exercises, students should be able to:  Describe the process of binary fission. In prokaryote cells, this asexual process begins with the cell growing in size, replicating its DNA starting at the ori and ending at the ter. It then goes through cytokinesis and takes the replicated DNA into one cell, making it a full second cell. 

Describe the features and components of Eukaryotic chromosomes and sister chromatids. Each Eukaryotic chromosome has one molecule of DNA and is highly condensed during mitosis after replication. Sister chromatids are just copies of the chromosome held together by the centromere. Sister chromatids are what they call half of the doubled chromosome.



Describe what happens during the phases of the eukaryotic cell cycle, including: o Interphase Interphase has G1, S, and G2 steps. G1-Preperation for DNA replication S(synthesis)- This is where DNA is replicated G2-Cell is making preparations for mitosis by making the microtubules for segregation and DNA is loosely coiled o Mitosis Prophase- Chromosomes are very tightly coiled and condensed and kinetochores assemble on the centromeres Prometaphase- Spindle forms Metaphase-Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell Anaphase- chromatids are separated by the spindle and move to opposite sides Telophase- Chromosomes become less compact, a nuclear envelope developes o Cytokinesis- Divides the cells cytoplasm to create to separate cells Compare cytokinesis in plants and animals. In animals, cytokinesis begins with the furrowing of a plasma membrane and a contractile ring is pinched to form two cells and the microfilaments assemble from actin monomers. In plants, as the spindle breaks down after mitosis, vesicles from the golgi appear where the cell is dividing and are propelled and use their contents for a new plasma membrane and cell plate.



 



Understand the function of meiosis in sexual reproduction. Meiosis reduces the chromosome number to haploid(1) and it allows for genetic diversity among the products.

 

Differentiate between homologous chromosomes and sister chromatids. Homologous pair is where one comes from dad and one from mom. Sister chromatids are clones of each other during mitosis. Describe the behavior of homologous chromosomes and sister chromatids through both meiotic divisions. Sister chromatids are crossed over with homologous chromosomes so that there is genetic diversity

Advanced Key Concepts After the mitosis & meiosis lectures, students should be able to:  Summarize the importance of mitotic & meiotic cell division to living organisms.  Describe the function, and compare proto-oncogenes, oncogenes, and tumor suppressor genes.  Describe the three checkpoints the cell monitors before proceeding through the cell cycle and describe the molecular mechanisms the function at each checkpoint.  Analyze disruptions in cell cycle regulatory mechanisms, and predict their impact on progression of the cell cycle and relevance to human health.  Describe levels of chromosome compaction during phases of the cell cycle.  Relate chromosome copy number and structure to phases of the cell cycle.  Summarize similarities and differences of meiosis I and meiosis II. In meiosis 1, the diploid chromosomes cross over. Meiosis 2 is where the chromosomes are separated into haploids and create 4 cells.  Relate the impact of crossing over to chromosome structure and genetic variation.  Compare and contrast the process and results of mitosis and meiosis. Vocabulary Be able to define, identify, and (where appropriate) name the function of the following:  Binary fission  Origin (of replication)  Terminus  Chromosome  Homologous chromosome; homologue  Chromatid, sister chromatid  Histone  Nucleosome  Solenoid; 30nm fiber  Haploid  Diploid  Cohesin  Centromere  Centrosome o Centrioles  Kinetochore  Spindle  Interphase o G0 phase o S phase





              

o G1 phase o G2 phase Mitosis o Prophase o Prometaphase o Metaphase o Anaphase o Telophase Cytokinesis o Contractile ring o Cell plate Phosphorylation Kinase Cell cycle check points Cyclin Cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) Anaphase promoting complex (APC) o Separase Proto-oncogene o Oncogene Tumor suppressor gene Meiosis Somatic cells Germ-line cells Synapsis Crossing over Chiasmata Genetic recombination...