01. Huruf Ibrani (Hebrew Script, Abjad Ibrani, Alfabet Ibrani) PDF

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Huruf HEBREW Pengenalan dasar-dasar Huruf Hebrew ‫ﭏף‬ Disarikan dari berbagai sumber 13th of Sivan 5779 ~ Behatzlachah ~ ‫ּבֹויֹול ִּלי ה׳תשע״ט‬ ַ ‫ַא ְנ ִּדי ְפ ַר ֶס ְטיֹו‬ PRAKATA “Para pembaca dipersilahkan mengadakan pembacaan karangan ini dengan rela hati, dan penuh minat, lagi pula menaruh ke...

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Huruf HEBREW Pengenalan dasar-dasar Huruf Hebrew

‫ﭏף‬ Disarikan dari berbagai sumber 13th of Sivan 5779 ~ Behatzlachah ~

‫ּבֹויֹול ִּלי ה׳תשע״ט‬ ַ ‫ַא ְנ ִּדי ְפ ַר ֶס ְטיֹו‬

PRAKATA “Para pembaca dipersilahkan mengadakan pembacaan karangan ini dengan rela hati, dan penuh minat, lagi pula menaruh kemurahan hati, andai kami sendiri, walaupun sedapatdapatnya mengusahakan terjemahannya, kurang teliti menyalin beberapa kalimat. Sebab segala sesuatu tidak sama daya dan artinya kalau dibaca dalam bahasa aslinya, yaitu Hebrew, atau diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa lain, dan tidak saja karangan ini saja, tetapi juga Kitab Taurat sendiri, Kitab Para Nabi dan kitab-kitab lain itu tidak kecil perbedaannya, apabila orang membaca dalam bahasa aslinya.” (Yesus Bin Sirakh, Deuterokanonika) Kutipan dari pengantar penerjemah Kitab Yesus bin Sirakh di atas menyinggung proses penerjemahan buku tersebut ke dalam bahasa Yunani, sekaligus dinyatakan manfaat membaca Kitab Suci dalam bahasa aslinya, karena setiap terjemahan – WALAUPUN SETELITI MUNGKIN – tidak dapat mengungkapkan segala sesuatu yang ada dalam aslinya tanpa perbedaan apapun. Melihat begitu sedikitnya buku-buku yang membahas tentang Huruf Hebrew di Indonesia. Penulis mengumpulkan bahan baik dari internet, dari buku-buku tata bahasa Hebrew maupun masukan dari rekan-rekan kemudian menyaring inti sarinya dalam buku elektronik ini. Penulis membatasi diri hanya memaparkan huruf Hebrew secara literal, namun cukup untuk membaca Kitab Suci Hebrew. Jadi apabila pembaca ingin memahami tentang nilai spiritual dan makna rahasia dalam huruf Hebrew. Pembaca harus mengikuti Yeshiva (Seminari). Ini penting, karena jika seseorang mencoba menggali makna rahasia sendiri tanpa mentor, bisa dipastikan pembaca akan lebih banyak keluar dari jalur yang seharusnya. Orang Hebrew senantiasa mengucapkan berkat, baik sebelum dan sesudah melakukan sesuatu. Sebelum belajar huruf Hebrew mereka biasa mengucapkan:

‫אותֹּיות׃‬ ִ ָּ‫ָּברּוְך ַה ְּמלַ ֵּמד אֶ ת י ִָּדי ְּל ַספֵּ ר אֶ ת ה‬ Bårukh hamm`lammeidh eth yådi l’sappeir eth hå’otiyyoth. ~ Blessed is the One who has taught my hand to scribe the letters ~ Buku ini tentu saja memiliki kekurangan di sana-sini, baik dari segi materi, cara penyajian dan juga dari segi gramatikalnya. Dan akhirnya Penulis berharap buku elektronik ini bermanfaat bagi siapapun yang ingin mengenal atau tertarik pada huruf Hebrew. Apabila ada revisi, versi baru dari file ini bisa di unduh di: https://www.scribd.com/document/336387884/Hebrew-Script atau https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57168603/download_file?st=MTUzNjE2NTM3MCwxM TQuMTI1Ljk1LjUyLDU1MzI4Njc3&s=profile

Brachot V’shalom! 13th of Sivan 5779 (Juni 2019) Indha Oytesarp, Ilaloyob

Page 2 of 169

Pengenalan Huruf Hebrew

‫ּבֹויֹול ִּלי ה׳תשע״ט‬ ַ ‫ַא ְנ ִּדי ְפ ַר ֶס ְטיֹו‬

DAFTAR ISI COVER Prakata ..................................................................................................................................... Daftar Isi ..................................................................................................................................

ALEF (‫)א‬

PENGANTAR A. B. C. D.

BEIT (‫)ב‬

9 9 11 12

Pengenalan ............................................................................................... Bentuk, Penulisan dan Pengucapan .......................................................... Transliterasi .............................................................................................. Bentuk Sofit .............................................................................................. Huruf yang bisa dipanjangkan .................................................................. Huruf yang bisa tertukar............................................................................ Huruf Begadkefat ..................................................................................... Fonologi Modern Sefardi ......................................................................... Huruf dengan bentuk khusus .................................................................... Gematria ................................................................................................... STA”M .....................................................................................................

14 14 17 19 19 20 20 21 22 22 24

TANDA VOKAL A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J.

Page 3 of 169

Rumpun Bahasa Semit ............................................................................. Penulisan .................................................................................................. Perkembangan .......................................................................................... Istilah Hebrew ..........................................................................................

ABJAD HEBREW A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K.

GIMEL (‫)ג‬

2 3

Latar Belakang ......................................................................................... Huruf Vokal .............................................................................................. Tanda Vokal ............................................................................................. Penempatan Vokal .................................................................................... Vokal Homogen ....................................................................................... Diftong (Vokal Rangkap) ......................................................................... Pembacaan Tanda Vokal .......................................................................... Furtive Patach ........................................................................................... Huruf Hei di akhir kata ............................................................................. Ejaan Penulisan ........................................................................................

26 26 27 29 29 30 30 31 31 31

Pengenalan Huruf Hebrew

‫ּבֹויֹול ִּלי ה׳תשע״ט‬ ַ ‫ַא ְנ ִּדי ְפ ַר ֶס ְטיֹו‬

DALET (‫ )ד‬PENGUCAPAN A. B. C. D. E. F.

HEI (‫)ה‬

37 37 37 38

Definisi ..................................................................................................... Dageish Kal .............................................................................................. Dageish Chazak ........................................................................................ Dageish pada Huruf Begadkefat .............................................................. Dageish pada Huruf Tenggorokan dan Reish .......................................... Dageish pada Huruf Vav .......................................................................... Rafei .........................................................................................................

40 40 41 42 43 43 44

TANDA BACA A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I.

Page 4 of 169

Pengenalan ............................................................................................... Sh’va Vokal .............................................................................................. Sh’va Diam ............................................................................................... Sh’va Majemuk ........................................................................................

DAGEISH A. B. C. D. E. F. G.

ZAYIN (‫)ז‬

33 33 34 34 35 35

SH’VA A. B. C. D.

VAV (‫)ו‬

Suku Kata ................................................................................................. Kamatz Chatuf .......................................................................................... Tanda Meteg ............................................................................................. Tekanan Kata ............................................................................................ Garis Makeif ............................................................................................. Huruf Diam ..............................................................................................

Pembukaan ............................................................................................... Siluk dan Sof Pasuk .................................................................................. Atnach ...................................................................................................... Zakeif Katan ............................................................................................. Bentuk Perhentian .................................................................................... Ketiv dan Qere ......................................................................................... Qere Tetap ................................................................................................ Pengucapan Nama TUHAN ..................................................................... Daftar Te’amim ........................................................................................

45 45 45 45 46 46 47 47 49

Pengenalan Huruf Hebrew

‫ּבֹויֹול ִּלי ה׳תשע״ט‬ ַ ‫ַא ְנ ִּדי ְפ ַר ֶס ְטיֹו‬

CHEIT (‫ )ח‬DIALEK HEBREW A. B. C. D. E. F. G.

TEIT (‫)ט‬

Penulisan Nama TUHAN ......................................................................... Tanda Baca Modern .................................................................................. Geresh dan Gershayim ............................................................................. Ktav Rashi ................................................................................................ Ktav Rahut ................................................................................................ Huruf Shin dengan 4 kaki ........................................................................ Huruf Hebrew dalam Kitab Torah ........................................................... Keyboard Hebrew .................................................................................... Ugaritic ..................................................................................................... Kaidah Abjadiyah ..................................................................................... Abjad Siriak / Suryani .............................................................................. Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia (Sample) ..................................................

63 63 63 64 65 66 67 67 67 68 69 71

PERKEMBANGAN A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P.

Page 5 of 169

52 54 56 58 59 60 61

PENULISAN A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L.

YUD (‫)י‬

Variasi Pengucapan Konsonan ................................................................. Variasi Tradisi Vokal ............................................................................... Vokal Modern Sefardi & Tiberian ........................................................... Nusach Sefardim ...................................................................................... Nusach Ashkenazim ................................................................................. Nusach Teimanim .................................................................................... Nusach Shomronim ..................................................................................

Ladino ....................................................................................................... Yiddish ..................................................................................................... Jewish Neo-Aramaic ................................................................................ Hebreismo ................................................................................................ Kanai ........................................................................................................ Talismanicmic .......................................................................................... Bukhori ..................................................................................................... Juhuri ........................................................................................................ Kovrit ....................................................................................................... Passing The River ..................................................................................... Celestial / Angelic .................................................................................... Malachim .................................................................................................. Alfa Beta Shel Metatron ........................................................................... Judeo-Arabic ............................................................................................ Maaravic Hebrew ..................................................................................... Yevanic .....................................................................................................

72 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 77 78 78 79 79 80

Pengenalan Huruf Hebrew

‫ּבֹויֹול ִּלי ה׳תשע״ט‬ ַ ‫ַא ְנ ִּדי ְפ ַר ֶס ְטיֹו‬

Q. R. S. T. U. V. W. X. Y. Z.

KAF (‫)כ‬

Inglith ....................................................................................................... Domari ...................................................................................................... Huruf Indish (Indo-Jewish) ...................................................................... Čveneburuli .............................................................................................. Ṣəḥəfätä Ǝsəraelawi .................................................................................. Ibria .......................................................................................................... Tiāojīnjiào zhī wénzì ................................................................................ Hágrít Nyelv ............................................................................................. Aynu Apcat .............................................................................................. Yahudi Türkçesi .......................................................................................

81 82 82 85 86 87 88 89 90 90

GEMATRIA (English) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Preface ....................................................................................................... 93 The Standard Method ................................................................................ 94 Mispar Gadol Method ............................................................................... 95 Mispar Katan Method ................................................................................ 96 Ordinal Value Method ............................................................................... 97 At Bash Method ........................................................................................ 98 Mispar HaKadmi Method .......................................................................... 99 Mispar HaPerati Method ........................................................................... 100 Mispar Shemi Method ............................................................................... 101

LAMED (‫ )ל‬STA”M (English) 1. STA”M ...................................................................................................... 2. Letter Aleph ............................................................................................... 3. Letter Beis ................................................................................................. 4. Letter Gimel .............................................................................................. 5. Letter Daled ............................................................................................... 6. Letter Heh .................................................................................................. 7. Letter Vov ................................................................................................. 8. Letter Zayin ............................................................................................... 9. Letter Ches ................................................................................................ 10. Letter Tes ................................................................................................... 11. Letter Yud ................................................................................................. 12. Letter Chof Kefufa .................................................................................... 13. Letter Chof Peshuta ................................................................................... 14. Letter Lamed ............................................................................................. 15. Letter Mem Pesucha .................................................................................. 16. Letter Mem Stumah .................................................................................... 17. Letter Nun Kefufa ..................................................................................... 18. Letter Nun Peshuta .................................................................................... 19. Letter Samech ............................................................................................ 20. Letter Ayin ................................................................................................ 21. Letter Pay Kefufa ...................................................................................... Page 6 of 169

102 103 103 103 104 104 105 105 105 106 106 106 107 107 108 108 108 109 109 110 110

Pengenalan Huruf Hebrew

‫ּבֹויֹול ִּלי ה׳תשע״ט‬ ַ ‫ַא ְנ ִּדי ְפ ַר ֶס ְטיֹו‬

22. Letter Pay Peshuta ..................................................................................... 23. Letter Tzadi Kefufa ................................................................................... 24. Letter Tzadi Peshuta ................................................................................... 25. Letter Kuf .................................................................................................. 26. Letter Reish ............................................................................................... 27. Letter Shin ................................................................................................. 28. Letter Tof ................................................................................................... 29. Notes .......................................................................................................... 30. Sample .......................................................................................................

MEM (‫)מ‬

TE’AMIM (English) 1. Te’amim (Cantillation) .............................................................................. 2. Zarqa Tables .............................................................................................. 3. Cantillation Table ...................................................................................... 4. Sof Passuk ................................................................................................. 5. Etnachta ..................................................................................................... 6. Segol (Trope) ............................................................................................. 7. Shalshelet .................................................................................................. 8. Zakef Katan ...........................................................