1. Overview of Medical Technology PDF

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OVERVIEW OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY  Definitions of Medical Technology  Heinemann o The application of the principles of natural, physical, and biological sciences to the performance of laboratory procedures which aid in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases.  Fagelson o Branch of medicine concerned with the performance of laboratory determinations and analyses used in the diagnosis and treatment of disease and the maintenance of health.  Walters o Health profession concerned with performing laboratory analyses in view of obtaining information necessary in the diagnosis and treatment of disease as well as in the maintenance of good health.  RA 5527 (Philippine Medical Technology Act of 1969) o An auxiliary branch of laboratory medicine which deals with the examination of tissues, secretion and excretion of the human body and body fluids by various electronic, chemical, microscopic and other medical laboratory procedures or techniques either manual or automated which will aid the physician in the diagnosis study and treatment of disease and in the promotion of health in general.  Clinical Laboratories  Facilities that perform chemical and microscopic examinations of various body fluids like blood and tissues.  Found in a variety of settings: government and private hospitals or free standing (non-hospital) laboratories such as those found in clinics, group practices, physician’s offices, veterinary offices, government agencies and military institutions.  Small size hospitals: (300 beds) can handle large volumes of work and perform complex tests.  Pathology  The practice of medicine which contributes to diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment through knowledge gained by laboratory applications of the biologic, chemical or physical sciences to man or material obtained from a man.  Two areas of Pathology o Anatomic – diagnosis or confirmation of diseases through autopsy examination and cellular differentiation of autopsy and surgical tissues. o Clinical – specializes in chemical, microbiological, and hematologic procedures.  Pathologist o Director of a clinical laboratory o Licensed physician with a specialty in Pathology as certified by the Philippine Board of Pathology PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE 1

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 Medical Technologist  Have a baccalaureate degree from a college or university recognized by Commission on Higher Education (CHED);  Has completed a specified clinical internship in a training laboratory accredited by the Bureau of Health Facilities and Services (BHFS) of the Department of Health (DOH); and  Passed the licensure examination administered by the Board of Medical Technology of the Professional Regulation Commission.  Medical detectives  They work under pressure with speed, accuracy and precision. They adhere to high ethical standards of performance.  Employment Opportunities  Employed in government and private hospitals, in clinical laboratories and in blood banks as medical technology generalists.  Medical technology specialists (in microbiology, hematology, blood banking, clinical chemistry)  Clinical laboratory supervisors  Chief medical technologists  Laboratory owners  Sales and industry (sales representatives, public relations representatives, or educational representatives for their company)

 Field of research (Industrial research search for new products and the necessary testing; Medical center research – involve development or evaluation of new laboratory methods, new clinical treatment method and varying types of investigation.)  Academe – teach in high school or in college handling Chemistry, Mathematics, and especially biological sciences or medical sciences.  Veterinary medicine  Employment abroad  Stepping stone to a medical career

 Personal Traits of a Medical Technologist  To succeed, a person needs physical stamina, good eye sight, a normal color vision, manual dexterity, good intellect, and an aptitude for the biological sciences and a caring attitude;  Communication skills and ability to relate well to fellow workers and patients; and  Observant, motivated, able to perform precise manipulations and calculations and must have good organizational skills.  Special characteristics: o Service oriented: self-satisfaction you feel of helping the doctor the diagnose a disease and of seeing the patient rise up from his bed is certainly beyond measure. o Patience is a must: MedTech deals with irritable patients, especially children. A service with a smile is of great help to the clientele. PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE 1

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o Honesty, accuracy, and skills are important. We deal with human lives, any error, dishonesty and negligence in the work endanger the life of the patient. o Dedication: we work devotedly and conscientiously in fulfilling his duties and responsibilities. o Emotional maturity: helps MedTechs deal with colleagues in the profession harmoniously. o ‘X’ factor: makes one likeable not only as a medical technologist but as a total person.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY Early Beginning of Medical Technology 460 B.C – Hippocrates  Father of Medicine 

Formulated the Hippocratic Oath (the code of ethics for practicing physicians)

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Described four ‘humors’ or body fluids in man – blood, phlegm, yellow bile and the black bile.

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These four humors were believed to be the source of diseases in ancient times.

600 B.C – Polyuria of diabetes was noted in ancient times.  Urinalysis is regarded as the oldest of laboratory procedures today. 

Visual examination of urine at bedside could diagnose illness.

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Hindu physician recorded the sweet taste of diabetic urine.

1500 B.C – Vivian Herrick  Medical technologist who traces the beginning of medical technology when intestinal parasites such as Taenia and Ascaris were first identified. 

Ebers Papyrus - a book for the treatment of diseases was published (three stages of hookworm infection and diseases)

14th century – Anna Fagelson  Medical technology started when a prominent Italian doctor, Mondino de’ Liuzzi, employed Alessandra Giliani to perform different tasks in the laboratory, unfortunately she died due to laboratory acquired infection. 1632 – Anton van Leeuwenhoek  Invented the first functional microscope 

He was the first to describe red blood cells, to see protozoa, and to classify bacteria according to shape.

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His invention led to the rapid progress of microbiology and pathology

History of Medical Technology in the Philippines PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE 1

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 World War II is the most widespread war that occurred from 1939 to 1945  December 7, 1941 – Pearl harbor was invaded by Japan which led to Japan invading the Philippines. The effects of war were very grave, sickness and death due to illness were rampant.  1944 – US bases were built in Leyte, making it possible for Americans to bring in members of the healthcare team to the Philippines. The science was introduced in the Philippines by the 26th Medical Laboratory at the end of World War II. 

Established at 208 Quiricada St. Sta. Cruz Manila (where Public Health Laboratory is presently located)

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Training of high school graduates to work as laboratory technicians started in February 1944

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A year after, the United States Army left and endorsed the laboratory to the National Department of Health.

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However, the Department of Health did not take interest on it, maybe because the science was not very well known and popular during those days.

 Dr. Alfredo Pio de Roda  A well-known bacteriologist and a staff of the 26th Medical Laboratory;  He wanted to preserve and save the remnants of the laboratory; it was his idea that the laboratory could better serve the residents of Manila and can solve the problems in relation to their health.  With the approval of the first city health officer of Manila, Dr. Mariano Icasiano, a medical laboratory under the city health department was established.  October 1, 1945 – a medical laboratory now known as the Public Health Laboratory was formally organized under the leadership of Dr. Alfredo Pio de Roda.  The training of medical technicians started under Dr. Pio de Roda and Dr. Prudencia Sta. Ana.  The trainees were mostly high school and paramedical graduates  The course was free to all interested, however, no specific /definite period of training nor a certificate of completion was issued.  1954 – Dr. Pio de Roda instructed Dr. Sta Ana to prepare a syllabus of training: formal 6 months training with a certificate of completion. However, it did not last long  Manila Sanitarium and Hospital started to offer the Medical Technology Course through the pioneering effort of Mrs. Willa Hilgert Hedrick. (Founder of Medical Technology Education in the Philippines.)  Mrs. Hedrick formulated the Course curriculum and put up the first Medical Technology School in the Philippines: Philippine Union College (Adventist University of the Philippines)  March 1955 – PUC produced its first graduate named Jesse Umali, followed by Avelino Oliva and Adoracion Yutuc.  1957 – Dr. Antonio Gabriel and Dr. Gustavo Reyes of University of Sto. Tomas, offered an elective course to Pharmacy graduates leading to the medical technology course.

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ORGANIZATIONS OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY PAMET – Philippine Association of Medical Technologists, Inc.  National organization of all registered medical technologists in the Philippines. 

It was organized by Mr. Crisanto G. Almario (Father of PAMET), a Pharmacy graduate of Manila Central University, and worked as a laboratory technician at San Lazaro Hospital.

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It was at that point he noticed the very degraded classification of workers performing this particular job. So he felt the need to standardize the profession, and to elevate its category into a more dignified one.

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Without wasting time, he immediately grabbed the opportunity and moved to organize the national organization for the medical technology workers.

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September 15, 1963, 10:00AM o PAMET was born

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September 20, 1964 o First national convention was held at the conference hall of the Far Eastern University Hospital  PAMET Logo o The circle  symbolizes continuous involvement in practice o The triangle  represents the trilogy of love, respect, and integrity o The green text  symbolizes the color of health o The microscope and the snake  represents the science of Medical Technology profession

PAMET Presidents 1st Charlemagne T. Tamondong

1963 - 1967

Emergence of the Profession

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2nd 3 & 6th 4th 5th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th & 13th 12th 14th 15th 16th rd

Nardito D. Moraleta Felix E. Asprer Bernardo T. Tabaosares Angelina R. Jose Venerable C.V Oca Carmencita P. Acedera Marilyn R. Atienza Norma N. Chang Agnes B. Medenilla Shirley F. Cruzada Leila M. Florento Romeo Joseph J. Ignacio Rolando E. Puno

1967 - 1970 1970 – 1971; 1973 - 1977 Sept. 1971 – Jan. 1973 Jan. 1973 – Sept. 1973 1977 – Feb. 1982 1982 - 1992 1992 - 1996 1997 - 2001 2001-2002; 2005-2006 2003 - 2004 2007 - 2013 2013 - 2015 2015-Present

Professional Recognition Legislative Agenda Celebration of the Profession Career Advocacy Educational Enhancement Image Building Proactivism International Leadership Organizational Dynamism Interdisciplinary Networking Global Perspectives Golden Celebration Empowerment

PASMETH – Philippine Association of Schools of Medical Technology & Public Health  The national organization of all registered schools of medical technology/public health in the Philippines  Organized in 1970 by some representatives of MedTech schools in their desire to maintain the highest standard of education and to foster closer relations among these schools.  Objectives o To encourage a thorough study of the needs and problems of MedTech education and to offer solution for them; o To work for the enhancement and continuous development of MedTech education in order that the profession will be of maximum service to the country; o To take a united stand in matters which affect the interest of MedTech education; and o To seek advice, aid and assistance from any government or private entity for the fulfilment of the association’s aims and purposes.  May 13, 1970 o Dir. Narciso Albarracin appointed Dr. Serafin J. Juliano and Dr. Gustavo U. Reyes to organize an association of Deans/Heads of Schools of Medical Technology and Hygience (Public Health).  June 22, 1970 o First organizational meeting held at University of Santo tomas o First set of officers:  President: Dr. Gustavo Reyes (first President of PASMETH)  Vice President: Dr. Serafin Juliano  Secretary/Treasurer: Dr. Velia Trinidad  PRO: Dr. Faustino Sunico  May 7, 1971 o First annual meeting was held at the University of Santo Tomas, Manila  April 30, 1972 o First set of officers were re-elected for a second term.

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