10 14 LTNS 278 - Lecture notes 4 PDF

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Migra!...

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Teacher: Maria Quintana

History of Latinos in the U.S.

Migra! ___

Notes Arguments ● Rise of Border Patrol power = criminalization of Mexican immigrant ● The border patrol became a national police force through the desires and culture of border patrol officers ● Motivations of Officers ○ Respect of local elite and public authority ○ Needs of agribusiness ○ Steady pay ● Violence ○ No bureaucracy to manage or control their violence ● Border Patrol training school, 1934 ○ Pg 73-74, in el paso, texas there were about 325 total officers at this time. They all shared violence against mexican migrants ● Crucial Moments in Expansion of the Border Patrol ○ Texas Rangers ○ Formation of Border Patrol 1924 ○ Creation of boder patrol training school in el paso, texas 1934 ○ The bracero program ○ Operation wetback ○ 1980s and 1990s immigration reform and control act (URCA) and IRRIRA (epilogue) ● Bracero Program (1942-1964) ○ Diplomatic agreements between the U.S. and Mexico to import guest workers from Mexico to the U.S on farms and railroads

○ Led 4-5 million Mexican men migrating to the United States to work in agricultural fields ○ The border patrol wouldn’t be what it is today if it wasn’t for the bracero program ● Bracero Program ○ New era of migration control ○ ‘Wetback’- undocumented migrants ■ Racial slur ■ Casting mexicans as a law-breaker ○ The bracero program encouraged ‘illegal migrations’ instead of encouraging legal migrations ● Operation Wetback 1954 ○ Racial policy lobbied for labor unions and conservatives that was designed to clamp down illegal immigrantion from mexico byt initiating another campaign of violence, deportation, repatriation, and expulsion ○ It was never entirely successful ○ Resulted in a more permanent and strategic border patrol ● The Pattern ○ A history, in the US, is encouraging migration when labor is needed and expunging it when it is no longer needed...