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Human Anatomy & Physiology, 19, Global Edition (Marieb) Chapter 11 Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue 11.1 Matching Questions

Figure 11.1 Using Figure 11.1, match the following: A) C B) B C) A 1) Which neuron would activate to a muscle? Section: 11.2 Learning Outcome: 11.3 Global LO: G7 HAPS LO: HAPS1 Bloom's Level: 2 Comprehension 2) Which neuron would be found in the retina of the eye? Section: 11.2 Learning Outcome: 11.3 Global LO: G7 HAPS LO: HAPS1 Bloom's Level: 2 Comprehension 3) Which neuron is a sensory neuron found in a reflex arc? Section: 11.2 Learning Outcome: 11.3 Global LO: G7 HAPS LO: HAPS1 Bloom's Level: 2 Comprehension 4) Which neuron is never myelinated? Section: 11.2 Learning Outcome: 11.3 Global LO: G7 HAPS LO: HAPS1 Bloom's Level: 2 Comprehension 5) Which neuron is typically involved in the special senses of sight and smell? Section: 11.2 Learning Outcome: 11.3 Global LO: G7 HAPS LO: HAPS1 Bloom's Level: 2 Comprehension 6) In a reflex arc, which neuron has its cell body inside the spinal cord? Section: 11.2 Learning Outcome: 11.3 Global LO: G7

HAPS LO: HAPS1 Bloom's Level: 2 Comprehension 7) Which neuron is common only in dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord and sensory ganglia of cranial nerves? Section: 11.2 Learning Outcome: 11.3 Global LO: G7 HAPS LO: HAPS1 Bloom's Level: 2 Comprehension 8) Which is by far the most common neuron type? Section: 11.2 Learning Outcome: 11.3 Global LO: G7 HAPS LO: HAPS1 Bloom's Level: 2 Comprehension Answers: 1) C 2) B 3) A 4) B 5) B 6) C 7) A 8) C

Figure 11.2 Using Figure 11.2, match the following: A) C B) E C) B D) D E) A 9) Ion channel. Section: 11.7 Learning Outcome: 11.16 Global LO: G7 HAPS LO: HAPS1 Bloom's Level: 2 Comprehension 10) Synaptic vesicles. Section: 11.7 Learning Outcome: 11.16 Global LO: G7 HAPS LO: HAPS1 Bloom's Level: 2 Comprehension 11) Calcium ions. Section: 11.7 Learning Outcome: 11.16 Global LO: G7 HAPS LO: HAPS1 Bloom's Level: 2 Comprehension

12) Postsynaptic membrane. Section: 11.7 Learning Outcome: 11.16 Global LO: G7 HAPS LO: HAPS1 Bloom's Level: 2 Comprehension 13) Synaptic cleft. Section: 11.7 Learning Outcome: 11.16 Global LO: G7 HAPS LO: HAPS1 Bloom's Level: 2 Comprehension Answers: 9) B 10) A 11) E 12) C 13) D Match the following: A) Depolarization B) Action potential C) Relative refractory period D) Absolute refractory period E) Repolarization 14) The neuron cannot respond to a second stimulus, no matter how strong. Section: 11.6 Learning Outcome: 11.12, 11.13, 11.14 Global LO: G7 HAPS LO: HAPS1 Bloom's Level: 2 Comprehension 15) The interior of the cell becomes less negative due to an influx of sodium ions. Section: 11.6 Learning Outcome: 11.12, 11.13, 11.14 Global LO: G7 HAPS LO: HAPS1 Bloom's Level: 2 Comprehension 16) The specific period during which potassium ions diffuse out of the neuron due to a change in membrane permeability. Section: 11.6 Learning Outcome: 11.12, 11.13, 11.14 Global LO: G7 HAPS LO: HAPS1 Bloom's Level: 2 Comprehension 17) Also called a nerve impulse transmitted by axons. Section: 11.6 Learning Outcome: 11.12, 11.13, 11.14 Global LO: G7 HAPS LO: HAPS1 Bloom's Level: 2 Comprehension

18) An exceptionally strong stimulus can trigger a response. Section: 11.6 Learning Outcome: 11.12, 11.13, 11.14 Global LO: G7 HAPS LO: HAPS1 Bloom's Level: 2 Comprehension Answers: 14) D 15) A 16) E 17) B 18) C Match the following: A) Spatial summation B) Subthreshold stimulus C) Threshold stimulus D) Temporal summation 19) Numerous nerve impulses arriving at a synapse at closely timed intervals exert a cumulative effect. Section: 11.8 Learning Outcome: 11.18 Global LO: G7 HAPS LO: HAPS1 Bloom's Level: 2 Comprehension 20) Stimulation of a postsynaptic neuron by many terminals at the same time. Section: 11.8 Learning Outcome: 11.18 Global LO: G7 HAPS LO: HAPS1 Bloom's Level: 2 Comprehension 21) An insufficient stimulus to reach an action potential. Section: 11.8 Learning Outcome: 11.18 Global LO: G7 HAPS LO: HAPS1 Bloom's Level: 2 Comprehension 22) Any stimulus at or above this level will result in action potential. Section: 11.8 Learning Outcome: 11.18 Global LO: G7 HAPS LO: HAPS1 Bloom's Level: 2 Comprehension Answers: 19) D 20) A 21) B 22) C

Match the following: A) Secretory zone B) Conducting region C) Secretory region D) Trigger zone

E) Receptive region 23) Area where nerve impulse is generated. Section: 11.6 Learning Outcome: 11.13 Global LO: G7 HAPS LO: HAPS1 Bloom's Level: 2 Comprehension 24) Receives stimuli. Section: 11.6 Learning Outcome: 11.13 Global LO: G7 HAPS LO: HAPS1 Bloom's Level: 2 Comprehension 25) Plasma membrane exhibits voltage-gated Na+ and K+ channels. Section: 11.6 Learning Outcome: 11.13 Global LO: G7 HAPS LO: HAPS1 Bloom's Level: 2 Comprehension 26) Plasma membrane exhibits voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. Section: 11.6 Learning Outcome: 11.13 Global LO: G7 HAPS LO: HAPS1 Bloom's Level: 2 Comprehension 27) Axon terminals release neurotransmitters. Section: 11.6 Learning Outcome: 11.13 Global LO: G7 HAPS LO: HAPS1 Bloom's Level: 2 Comprehension 28) Plasma membrane exhibits chemically gated ion channels. Section: 11.6 Learning Outcome: 11.13 Global LO: G7 HAPS LO: HAPS1 Bloom's Level: 2 Comprehension Answers: 23) D 24) E 25) B 26) C 27) A 28) E

Match the following: A) Parallel after-discharge circuit B) Reverberating circuit C) Diverging circuit D) Converging circuit

29) One incoming axon triggers responses in ever-increasing numbers farther and farther along the circuit. Section: 11.10 Learning Outcome: Global LO: G7 11.22 HAPS LO: HAPS1 Bloom's Level: 2 Comprehension 30) May be involved in complex, exacting types of mental processing. Section: 11.10 Learning Outcome: 11.22 Global LO: G7 HAPS LO: HAPS1 Bloom's Level: 2 Comprehension 31) Involved in control of rhythmic activities such as breathing. Section: 11.10 Learning Outcome: 11.22 Global LO: G7 HAPS LO: HAPS1 Bloom's Level: 2 Comprehension 32) Involved in activating fibers of a skeletal muscle such as the biceps muscle. Section: 11.10 Learning Outcome: 11.22 Global LO: G7 HAPS LO: HAPS1 Bloom's Level: 2 Comprehension 33) Different types of sensory input can have the same ultimate effect. Section: 11.10 Learning Outcome: 11.22 Global LO: G7 HAPS LO: HAPS1 Bloom's Level: 2 Comprehension Answers: 29) C 30) A 31) B 32) C 33) D

11.2 True/False Questions 1) The all-or-none phenomenon as applied to nerve conduction states that the whole nerve cell must be stimulated for conduction to take place. Answer: FALSE Section: 11.6 Learning Outcome: 11.13 Global LO: G7 HAPS LO: HAPS1 Bloom's Level: 2 Comprehension 2) Reflexes are rapid, automatic responses to stimuli that will produce the same effect

every time. Answer: TRUE Section: 11.1 Learning Outcome: 11.1 Global LO: G7 HAPS LO: HAPS1 Bloom's Level: 1 Knowledge 3) Cell bodies of sensory neurons may be located in ganglia lying outside the central nervous system. Answer: TRUE Section: 11.3 Learning Outcome: 11.5 Global LO: G7 HAPS LO: HAPS1 Bloom's Level: 1 Knowledge 4) During depolarization, the inside of the neuron's membrane becomes less negative. Answer: TRUE Section: 11.5 Learning Outcome: 11.11 Global LO: G7 HAPS LO: HAPS1 Bloom's Level: 2 Comprehension 5) Neurons in the CNS are organized into functional groups. Answer: TRUE Section: 11.1 Learning Outcome: 11.2 Global LO: G7 HAPS LO: HAPS1 Bloom's Level: 2 Comprehension 6) Strong stimuli cause the amplitude of action potentials generated to increase. Answer: FALSE Section: 11.6 Learning Outcome: 11.3 Global LO: G7 HAPS LO: HAPS1 Bloom's Level: 2 Comprehension 7) Enkephalins and endorphins are peptides that act like morphine. Answer: TRUE Section: 11.9 Learning Outcome: 11.20a Global LO: G7 HAPS LO: HAPS1 Bloom's Level: 2 Comprehension 8) In myelinated axons the voltage-regulated sodium channels are concentrated at the nodes of Ranvier. Answer: TRUE Section: 11.6

Learning Outcome: 11.15 Global LO: G7 HAPS LO: HAPS1 Bloom's Level: 1 Knowledge 9) A postsynaptic potential is a graded potential that is the result of a neurotransmitter released into the synapse between two neurons. Answer: TRUE Section: 11.5 Learning Outcome: 11.11 Global LO: G7 HAPS LO: HAPS1 Bloom's Level: 2 Comprehension 10) Unipolar neurons have axons structurally divided into peripheral and central processes. Answer: TRUE Section: 11.3 Learning Outcome: 11.7 Global LO: G7 HAPS LO: HAPS1 Bloom's Level: 1 Knowledge 11) A stimulus traveling toward a synapse appears to open calcium ion channels at the presynaptic end, which in turn promotes fusion of synaptic vesicles to the axonal membrane. Answer: TRUE Section: 11.7 Learning Outcome: 11.16 Global LO: G7 HAPS LO: HAPS1 Bloom's Level: 2 Comprehension 12) Axon diameter and degree of myelination determine nerve impulse conduction velocity. Answer: TRUE Section: 11.4 Learning Outcome: 11.15 Global LO: G7 HAPS LO: HAPS1 Bloom's Level: 2 Comprehension 13) The action potential is caused by permeability changes in the plasma membrane. Answer: TRUE Section: 11.6 Learning Outcome: 11.13 Global LO: G7 HAPS LO: HAPS1 Bloom's Level: 2 Comprehension 1.3 Multiple Choice Questions

1) Nerve impulses are sent to slow the heart's rate of contraction. The nerve fibers sending these signals will most likely belong to which division of the nervous system? A) sensory (afferent) division B) somatic nervous system C) sympathetic division D) parasympathetic division Answer: D Section: 11.1 Learning Outcome: 11.2 Global LO: G2, G7 HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS2 Bloom's Level: 3 Application 2) Nerve impulses leading to the brain carry information about cool temperatures on the skin. The nerve fibers sending these signals will most likely belong to which division of the nervous system? A) sensory (afferent) division B) somatic nervous system C) sympathetic division D) parasympathetic division Answer: A Section: 11.1 Learning Outcome: 11.2 Global LO: G2, G7 HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS2 Bloom's Level: 3 Application 3) Nerve impulses leading to the skeletal muscle carry information to direct movement. The nerve fibers sending these signals will most likely belong to which division of the nervous system? A) sensory (afferent) division B) somatic nervous system C) sympathetic division D) parasympathetic division Answer: B Section: 11.1 Learning Outcome: 11.2 Global LO: G2, G7 HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS2 Bloom's Level: 3 Application 4) Cranial nerve II, the optic nerve sends nerve impulses to the brain carrying information about the things we see. These nerve fibers most likely belong to which division of the nervous system? A) sensory (afferent) division B) somatic nervous system C) sympathetic division D) parasympathetic division Answer: A Section: 11.1 Learning Outcome: 11.2 Global LO: G2, G7 HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS2 Bloom's Level: 3 Application

5) The concentration of ions in the chemical environment surrounding the neurons must be tightly regulated for neurons to function properly. Which of the following cells is most responsible for this? A) satellite cells B) astrocytes C) Schwann cells D) oligodendrocytes Answer: B Section: 11.2 Learning Outcome: 11.3 Global LO: G2, G7 HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS2 Bloom's Level: 3 Application 6) The concentration neurotransmitters in the fluid of the synaptic cleft must be tightly regulated for neurons to function properly. Which of the following cells is most responsible for aiding in this regulation? A) satellite cells B) astrocytes C) Schwann cells D) oligodendrocytes Answer: B Section: 11.2 Learning Outcome: 11.3 Global LO: G2, G7 HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS2 Bloom's Level: 3 Application 7) Bacteria in the blood can be prevented entry to the fluids surrounding the brain. Which cells are most responsible for preventing bacteria from entering the fluids of the brain? A) satellite cells B) astrocytes C) Schwann cells D) oligodendrocytes Answer: B Section: 11.2 Learning Outcome: 11.3 Global LO: G2, G7 HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS2 Bloom's Level: 3 Application 8) Meningitis can be caused by infection of the central nervous system by bacteria. Which cells would be most responsible for removing the infection? A) Schwann cells B) oligodendrocytes C) microglia D) satellite cells Answer: C Section: 11.2 Learning Outcome: 11.3 Global LO: G2, G7 HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS2 Bloom's Level: 3 Application

9) Like all cells, the neurons' internal organization dictates its function. Neurons have relatively many mitochondria, an extensive network of rough endoplasmic reticulum and many clusters of ribosomes. These cellular features indicate all of the following EXCEPT ________. A) neurons produce many proteins B) neurons must meet a high demand for ATP C) neurons have a relatively high consumption of oxygen D) neurons have stable, relatively unchanging internal environments Answer: D Section: 11.3 Learning Outcome: 11.4 Global LO: G2, G7 HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS2 Bloom's Level: 3 Application 10) An action potential is regarded as an example of a positive feedback. Which of the following examples below best illustrates the positive feedback aspect of an action potential? A) The sodium potassium pump consistently moves ions as long as ATP is available, and regardless of membrane potential changes. B) Potassium permeability is about 25 times greater than sodium ions. C) Voltage gated potassium ion channels open slowly and remain open long enough to cause hyperpolarization. D) A threshold stimulus will cause the opening of voltage gated sodium ion channels that will cause further depolarizing stimulus. This stimulus will open still more voltage gated sodium ion channels. Answer: D Section: 11.6 Learning Outcome: 11.13 Global LO: G2, G7 HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS2 Bloom's Level: 4 Analysis 11) The depolarization phase of an action potential is punctuated by the closing of inactivation gates in the voltage gated sodium ion channels. All of the following are consequences of this inactivation except one. Choose the statement below that is not a consequence of the closing of inactivating gates. A) This allows for the efflux (diffusion out) of potassium ions, resulting in the repolarization of the cell. B) This allows for the one way transmission of action potential down the axon. C) This limits the frequency of action potentials down the axon. D) This stops the depolarization of the axon membrane. Answer: A Section: 11.6 Learning Outcome: 11.14 Global LO: G2, G7 HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS2 Bloom's Level: 4 Analysis 12) During the relative refractory period of an action potential, a larger than normal stimulus is needed to cause another action potential. This is due to the fact that ________. A) the voltage gated potassium ion channels remain open long enough to hyperpolarize the axon membrane

B) the membrane is now impermeable to all ions C) the sodium potassium pump will stop working during relative refractory D) the inactivation gates on voltage gated sodium ion channels are closed Answer: A Section: 11.6 Learning Outcome: 11.14 Global LO: G2, G7 HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS2 Bloom's Level: 4 Analysis 13) If a post synaptic neuron is stimulated to threshold by spatial summation this implies that ________. A) the post synaptic cell has a lower than normal threshold B) the post synaptic cell has many voltage gated ion channels C) the post synaptic cell is slow to repolarize D) the postsynaptic cells has many synapses with many presynaptic neurons Answer: D Section: 11.8 Learning Outcome: 11.18 Global LO: G2, G7 HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS2 Bloom's Level: 4 Analysis 14) If a post synaptic cell is stimulated to threshold by temporal summation this implies that ________. A) the postsynaptic cell can be influenced by only one presynaptic cell B) the postsynaptic cell is sending frequent action potential C) a presynaptic neuron is sending frequent EPSP D) the presynaptic neuron is sending frequent IPSP Answer: C Section: 11.8 Learning Outcome: 11.18 Global LO: G2, G7 HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS2 Bloom's Level: 4 Analysis 15) When a neurotransmitter like acetylcholine is acting in an excitatory manner which of the following is likely a result of the acetylcholine acting on the post synaptic cell? A) Chemically gated chloride channels will open. B) Chemically gated potassium channels will open. C) Chemically gated sodium channels will open. D) Chemically gated sodium channels will be closed. Answer: C Section: 11.8, 11.9 Learning Outcome: 11.18, 11.20a Global LO: G2, G7 HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS2 Bloom's Level: 4 Analysis 16) When a neurotransmitter like GABA is acting in an inhibitory manner which of the following is likely a result of the GABA acting on the post synaptic cell? A) influx of positively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell B) opening of chemically gated sodium channels C) depolarization of the postsynaptic cell membrane

D) hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic cell membrane Answer: D Section: 11.8, 11.9 Learning Outcome: 11.18, 11.20a Global LO: G2, G7 HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS2 Bloom's Level: 4 Analysis 17) The effect of acetylcholine can be stimulating or inhibiting. Which of the following gives the best explanation for why this is so? A) Acetylcholine has many different forms. B) Acetylcholine has a "dose effect". Larger doses are stimulating while small doses inhibit. C) Postsynaptic cells have a dynamic and changing metabolism and respond differently at different times. D) Different post synaptic cells will have different receptors. Answer: D Section: 11.9 Learning Outcome: 11.20a Global LO: G2, G7 HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS2 Bloom's Level: 4 Analysis 18) Which of the choices below describes the ANS? A) motor fibers that conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands B) motor fibers that conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscles C) sensory and motor neurons that supply the digestive tract D) sensory neurons that convey information from somatic receptors in the head, body wall, and limbs and from receptors from the special senses of vision, hearing, taste, and smell to the CNS Answer: A Section: 11.1 Learning Outcome: 11.2 Global LO: G7 HAPS LO: HAPS1 Bloom's Level: 2 Comprehension 19) These cells in the CNS have cilia that move in order to circulate cerebrospinal fluid ________. A) ependymal cells B) astrocytes C) oligodendrocytes D) Schwann cells Answer: A Section: 11.2 Learning Outcome: 11.3 Global LO: G7 HAPS LO: HAPS1 Bloom's Level: 2 Comprehension 20) What does the central nervous system use to determine the strength of a stimulus? A) size of action potentials B) origin of the stimulus

C) type of stimulus receptor D) frequency of action potentials Answer: D Section: 11.6 Learning Outcome: 11.13 Global LO: G7 HAPS LO: HAPS1 Bloom's Level: 2 Comprehension 21) Bipolar neurons are commonly ________. A) motor neurons B) called neuroglial cells C) found in the retina of the eye D) found in ganglia Answer: C Section: 11.3 Learning Outcome: 11.7 Global LO: G7 HAPS LO: HAPS1 Bloom's Level: 2 Comprehension 22) Which of the following is an excitatory neurotransmitter secreted by motor neurons innervating skeletal muscle? A) gamma aminobutyric acid B) cholinesterase C) norepinephrine D) acetylcholine Answer: D Section: 11.9 Learning Outcome: 11.20a Global LO: G7 HAPS LO: HAPS1 Bloom's Level: 2 Comprehension 23) Which of the following describes the nervous system integrative function? A) responds to stimuli by gland secretion or muscle contraction B) analyzes sensory information, stores information, makes decisions C) senses changes in the environment Answer: B Section: 11.1 Learning Outcome: 11.1 Global LO: G2, G7 HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS2 Bloom's Level: 3 Application 24) The period after an initial stimulus when a neuron is not sensitive to another stimulus is the ________. A) repolarization B) resting period C) absolute refractory period D) depolarization Answer: C Section: 11.6 Learning Outcome: 11.14

Global LO: G7 HAPS LO: HAPS1 Bloom's Level: 1 Knowledge 25) Which of the following is not characteristic of neurons? A) They have an exceptionally high metabolic rate. B) They conduct impulses. C) They have extreme longevity. D) They are mitotic. Answer: D Section: 11.1 Learning Outcome: 11.1 Global LO: G7 HAPS LO: HAPS1 Bloom's Level: 1 Knowledge 26) Loss of function in the enzyme acetylcholine este...