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Microbiology: An Introduction, 12e, (Tortora) Chapter 11 The Prokaryotes: Domains Bacteria and Archaea 11.1 Multiple-Choice Questions 1) Which of the following are found primarily in the intestines of humans? A) gram-negative aerobic rods and cocci B) aerobic, helical bacteria C) facultatively anaerobic gram-negative rods D) gram-positive cocci E) endospore-forming rods Answer: C Section: 11.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge ASMcue Outcome: 5.4 Learning Outcome: 11.3 2) Figure 11.1

What is group "c." in the key shown in Figure 11.1? A) bacteroidetes B) chlamydiae C) fusobacteria D) planctomycetes E) spirochaetes Answer: E Section: 11.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis ASMcue Outcome: 5.1 Learning Outcome: 11.8 Global Outcome: 2 1 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd.

3) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic inherent of the non-endospore-forming grampositive rods? A) are aerotolerant B) carry out fermentative metabolism C) display a branched filamentous morphology D) nonpathogenic E) lack cell walls Answer: D Section: 11.3 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension ASMcue Outcome: 2.3 Learning Outcome: 11.9 4) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Neisseria? A) requires X and V factors B) cocci C) gram-negative D) oxidase-positive E) Some species are human pathogens. Answer: A Section: 11.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension ASMcue Outcome: 3.2 Learning Outcome: 11.2 5) Staphylococcus and Streptococcus can be easily differentiated in a laboratory by which one of the following? A) cell shape B) Gram stain reaction C) growth in high salt concentrations D) ability to cause disease E) glucose fermentation Answer: C Section: 11.3 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension ASMcue Outcome: 3.3 Learning Outcome: 11.9

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6) Which of the following genera is an anaerobic gram-negative rod? A) Escherichia B) Staphylococcus C) Bacteroides D) Treponema E) Neisseria Answer: C Section: 11.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Learning Outcome: 11.6 7) Which of the following do you expect to be MOST resistant to high temperatures? A) Bacillus subtilis B) Eschericia coli C) Neisseria gonorrhoeae D) Staphylococcus aureus E) Streptococcocus pyogenes Answer: A Section: 11.3 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension ASMcue Outcome: 2.3 Learning Outcome: 11.9 Global Outcome: 2 8) Which of the following is NOT an enteric? A) Salmonella B) Shigella C) Escherichia D) Enterobacter E) Campylobacter Answer: E Section: 11.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge ASMcue Outcome: 5.4 Learning Outcome: 11.3 9) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of spirochetes? A) possess an axial filament B) gram-negative C) helical shape D) easily observed with brightfield microscopy E) found in the human oral cavity Answer: D Section: 11.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge ASMcue Outcome: 2.1 Learning Outcome: 11.8 3 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd.

10) You have isolated a bacterium that grows in a medium containing an organic substrate and nitrate in the absence of oxygen. The nitrate is reduced to nitrogen gas. You can be sure that this bacterium is A) gram-positive. B) using anaerobic respiration. C) a chemoautotroph. D) a photoautotroph. E) a photoheterotroph. Answer: B Section: 11.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension ASMcue Outcome: 3.1 Learning Outcome: 11.3 Global Outcome: 2 11) Which of the following lacks a cell wall? A) Borrelia B) Mycoplasma C) Mycobacterium D) Clostridium E) Nocardia Answer: B Section: 11.3 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge ASMcue Outcome: 2.3 Learning Outcome: 11.9 12) Which of the following bacteria is gram-negative? A) Treponema B) Corynebacterium C) Bacillus D) Staphylococcus E) Mycobacterium Answer: A Section: 11.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge ASMcue Outcome: 2.1 Learning Outcome: 11.8

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13) Which of the following form conidiospores? A) endospore-forming gram-positive rods and cocci B) actinomycetes and related organisms C) rickettsias D) anaerobic gram-negative cocci E) spiral and curved bacteria Answer: B Section: 11.3 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge ASMcue Outcome: 2.3 Learning Outcome: 11.10 14) Which of the following pairs is mismatched? A) dissimilatory sulfate-reducing bacteria — produce H2S B) archaea — extremophiles C) chemoautotrophic bacteria — fix atmospheric nitrogen D) actinomycetes — reproduce by fragmentation E) Cytophaga — a gliding, nonfruiting bacterium Answer: C Section: 11.3 Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis ASMcue Outcome: 5.1 Learning Outcome: 11.10 Global Outcome: 2 15) Rickettsias differ from chlamydias in that rickettsias A) are gram-negative. B) are intracellular parasites. C) require an arthropod for transmission. D) form elementary bodies. E) are enterics. Answer: C Section: 11.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge ASMcue Outcome: 5.4 Learning Outcome: 11.1

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16) Requirements for X and V factors are used to identify A) Staphylococcus. B) Escherichia. C) Neisseria. D) Haemophilus. E) Pseudomonas. Answer: D Section: 11.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge ASMcue Outcome: 3.3 Learning Outcome: 11.3 17) You have isolated a bacterium that grows in a medium containing only inorganic nutrients. Ammonia is oxidized to a nitrate ion. This bacterium is A) gram-negative. B) using anaerobic respiration. C) a chemoautotroph. D) a photoautotroph. E) a photoheterotroph. Answer: C Section: 11.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension ASMcue Outcome: 3.1 Learning Outcome: 11.1 Global Outcome: 2 18) Which of the following bacteria is gram-positive? A) Pseudomonas B) Salmonella C) Streptococcus D) Bacteroides E) Rickettsia Answer: C Section: 11.3 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension ASMcue Outcome: 2.1 Learning Outcome: 11.9

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19) Escherichia coli belongs to the A) proteobacteria. B) gram-positive bacteria. C) green sulfur bacteria. D) spirochetes. E) actinomycetes. Answer: A Section: 11.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge ASMcue Outcome: 1.5 Learning Outcome: 11.3 20) Which one of the following bacteria does NOT belong with the others? A) Bacillus B) Escherichia C) Lactobacillus D) Staphylococcus E) Streptococcus Answer: B Section: 11.3 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension ASMcue Outcome: 1.5 Learning Outcome: 11.9 Global Outcome: 2 21) Which of the following statements about the causative agent of Rocky Mountain spotted fever is FALSE? A) It is an intracellular parasite. B) It is transmitted by ticks. C) It is in the genus Rickettsia. D) It is gram-negative. E) It is found in soil and water. Answer: E Section: 11.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge ASMcue Outcome: 5.4 Learning Outcome: 11.1

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22) A primary difference between cyanobacteria and purple and green phototrophic bacteria is A) energy source. B) cell wall type. C) electron donor for CO2 reduction. D) cell type. E) color. Answer: C Section: 11.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension ASMcue Outcome: 3.1 Learning Outcome: 11.7 23) Which one of the following bacteria does NOT belong with the others? A) Bordetella B) Burkholderia C) Neisseria D) Acidithiobacillus E) Salmonella Answer: E Section: 11.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension ASMcue Outcome: 1.5 Learning Outcome: 11.2 Global Outcome: 2 24) Which of the following bacteria are responsible for more infections and more different kinds of infections? A) Streptococcus B) Staphylococcus C) Salmonella D) Pseudomonas E) Neisseria Answer: A Section: 11.3 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge ASMcue Outcome: 5.4 Learning Outcome: 11.9

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25) Both Beggiatoa and the purple sulfur bacteria use H2S. These bacteria differ in that Beggiatoa A) uses H2S for an energy source. B) uses H2S for a carbon source. C) uses light energy. D) belongs to the gammaproteobacteria. E) is a heterotroph. Answer: A Section: 11.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension ASMcue Outcome: 3.1 Learning Outcome: 11.7 26) The nonsulfur photosynthetic bacteria use organic compounds as A) carbon sources. B) electron donors to reduce CO2. C) energy sources. D) electron acceptors. E) oxygen sources. Answer: B Section: 11.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension ASMcue Outcome: 3.1 Learning Outcome: 11.7 27) Which of the following is the best reason to classify Streptococcus in the Lactobacillales? A) Gram reaction B) morphology C) fermentation of lactose D) rRNA sequences E) found in dairy products Answer: D Section: 11.3 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension ASMcue Outcome: 1.5 Learning Outcome: 11.9

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28) Streptomyces differs from Actinomyces because Streptomyces A) makes antibiotics. B) produces conidia. C) forms filaments. D) is a strict aerobe. E) is a bacterium. Answer: D Section: 11.3 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension ASMcue Outcome: 3.1 Learning Outcome: 11.9 29) All of the following bacteria are gram-positive. Which does NOT belong with the others? A) Actinomyces B) Gardnerella C) Corynebacterium D) Listeria E) Mycobacterium Answer: D Section: 11.3 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension ASMcue Outcome: 1.2 Learning Outcome: 11.10 Global Outcome: 2 30) Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia, and Serratia are all A) pathogens. B) gram-negative facultatively anaerobic rods. C) gram-positive aerobic cocci. D) fermentative. E) endospore-forming bacteria. Answer: B Section: 11.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension ASMcue Outcome: 1.2 Learning Outcome: 11.3

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31) You have isolated a gram-positive rod. What should you do next? A) Gram stain B) lactose fermentation C) endospore stain D) flagella stain E) enterotube Answer: C Section: 11.3 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension ASMcue Outcome: 2.1 Learning Outcome: 11.9 32) Borrelia is classified as a spirochete because it A) is aerobic. B) possesses an axial filament. C) is a rod. D) is a pathogen. E) is transmitted by ticks. Answer: B Section: 11.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge ASMcue Outcome: 2.3 Learning Outcome: 11.8 33) Thiobacillus oxidizes inorganic sulfur compounds and reduces CO2. This bacterium is a A) chemoheterotroph. B) chemoautotroph. C) photoautotroph. D) gammaproteobacteria. E) photoheterotroph. Answer: B Section: 11.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension ASMcue Outcome: 3.1 Learning Outcome: 11.2 Global Outcome: 2

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34) You have isolated a prokaryotic cell. The first step in identification is a(n) A) Gram stain. B) lactose fermentation test. C) endospore stain. D) flagella stain. E) DNA fingerprint. Answer: A Section: 11.0 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension ASMcue Outcome: 8.1 Learning Outcome: 11.12 35) Actinomycetes differ from fungi in that actinomycetes A) are chemoheterotrophs. B) lack a membrane-bounded nucleus. C) require light. D) are decomposers. E) cause disease. Answer: B Section: 11.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension ASMcue Outcome: 2.1 Learning Outcome: 11.10 36) You have isolated an aerobic gram-positive, endospore-forming bacterium that grows well on nutrient agar. To which of the following groups does it most likely belong? A) phototrophic bacteria B) gammaproteobacteria C) deltaproteobacteria D) bacillales E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided. Answer: D Section: 11.3 Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis ASMcue Outcome: 2.1 Learning Outcome: 11.9 Global Outcome: 2

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37) Which of the following pairs is mismatched? A) spirochete — axial filament B) aerobic, helical bacteria — gram-negative C) enterics — gram-negative D) mycobacteria — acid-fast E) Pseudomonas — gram-positive Answer: E Section: 11.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension ASMcue Outcome: 2.1 Learning Outcome: 11.3 Global Outcome: 2 38) Which one of the following does NOT belong with the others? A) Coxiella B) Ehrlichia C) Rickettsia D) Staphylococcus E) Wolbachia Answer: D Section: 11.3 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension ASMcue Outcome: 5.1 Learning Outcome: 11.9 Global Outcome: 2 39) Caulobacter are different from most bacteria in that they A) are gram-negative. B) are gram-positive. C) have stalks. D) lack cell walls. E) are motile. Answer: C Section: 11.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge ASMcue Outcome: 2.3 Learning Outcome: 11.1

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40) All of the following bacteria are motile. Which does NOT have flagella? A) Escherichia B) helical bacteria C) Pseudomonas D) spirochetes E) Salmonella Answer: D Section: 11.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge ASMcue Outcome: 2.3 Learning Outcome: 11.8 41) Which of the following bacteria does NOT belong with the others? A) Halobacterium B) Halococcus C) Methanobacterium D) Staphylococcus E) Sulfolobus Answer: D Section: 11.4 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension ASMcue Outcome: 5.1 Learning Outcome: 11-11 Global Outcome: 2 42) Mycoplasmas differ from other bacteria in that they A) grow inside host cells. B) lack a cell wall. C) are acid-fast. D) are motile. E) are gram-negative. Answer: B Section: 11.3 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge ASMcue Outcome: 5.1 Learning Outcome: 11.9

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43) Which of the following pairs is NOT correctly matched? A) elementary body — Escherichia B) endospore — Bacillus C) endospore — Clostridium D) heterocyst — cyanobacteria E) myxospore — gliding bacteria Answer: A Section: 11.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge ASMcue Outcome: 2.3 Learning Outcome: 11.6 44) Burkholderia was reclassified from the gammaproteobacteria to the betaproteobacteria because A) it grows in disinfectants. B) it is a gram-negative rod. C) it causes infections in cystic fibrosis patients. D) it causes melioidosis. E) its rRNA sequence is similar to that of Neisseria. Answer: E Section: 11.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension ASMcue Outcome: 1.5 Learning Outcome: 11.2 45) The crab industry needs female crabs for growing more crabs. What bacterium might be used to ensure development of female crabs and shrimp? A) Acinetobacter B) Gemmata C) Neisseria D) Pelagibacter E) Wolbachia Answer: E Section: 11.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge ASMcue Outcome: 5.4 Learning Outcome: 11.1

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11.2 True/False Questions 1) Bacterial predators such as Bdellovibrio are members of the betaproteobacteria. Answer: FALSE Section: 11.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge ASMcue Outcome: 5.4 Learning Outcome: 11.4 2) Two distinguishing factors of the epsilonproteobacteria that they are motile and microaerophilic. Answer: TRUE Section: 11.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge ASMcue Outcome: 1.2 Learning Outcome: 11.5 3) Myxobacteria are classified as actinobacteria due to fungal-like lifestyle. Answer: FALSE Section: 11.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge ASMcue Outcome: 1.2 Learning Outcome: 11.4 4) The Gram stain is not suitable for identifying members of the Archaea. Answer: FALSE Section: 11.4 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge ASMcue Outcome: 1.2 Learning Outcome: 11.11 5) The deinococci can be categorized as extremophiles. Answer: TRUE Section: 11.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge ASMcue Outcome: 3.3 Learning Outcome: 11.8 6) All gram-negative bacteria are classified as proteobacteria. Answer: FALSE Section: 11.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension ASMcue Outcome: 1.5 Learning Outcome: 11.6

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7) The majority of bacterial species on Earth have not been successfully cultivated. Answer: TRUE Section: 11.5 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge ASMcue Outcome: 1.2 Learning Outcome: 11.12 8) Photosynthetic organisms always produce oxygen gas as a metabolic byproduct. Answer: FALSE Section: 11.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension ASMcue Outcome: 3.1 Learning Outcome: 11.7 9) Currently, no members of Archaea have been linked to human disease. Answer: TRUE Section: 11.4 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge ASMcue Outcome: 5.4 Learning Outcome: 11.11 10) The human body is typically free of archaeal species. Answer: FALSE Section: 11.4 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge ASMcue Outcome: 5.4 Learning Outcome: 11.11 11.3 Essay Questions 1) Explain the rationale for using molecular data for classification, in the place of morphology. Section: 11.0 Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation ASMcue Outcome: 1.5 Learning Outcome: 11.12 Global Outcome: 8 2) The use of culture-independent techniques has increased our understanding of microbial diversity without cultivation. Therefore, do microbiologists still need to attempt to grow new microbial species? Explain. Section: 11.5 Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation ASMcue Outcome: 8.3 Learning Outcome: 11.12 Global Outcome: 8

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3) Bacteroides and Escherichia are both gram-negative rods found in the large intestine. Why are they in different phyla? Section: 11.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis ASMcue Outcome: 1.5 Learning Outcome: 11.3 Global Outcome: 8 4) A colleague proposes that the Archaea may be the oldest life forms currently inhabiting Earth. Do you agree? Explain. Section: 11.4 Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation ASMcue Outcome: 1.1 Learning Outcome: 11.11 Global Outcome: 8

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