12 Folk Dance in the Philippines PDF

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Subject: Art Appreciation

Course and Section: BSOA 1A

Title: Music Instrument

WIND INSTRUMENT

Clarinet A new woodwind instrument in the eighteenth century The clarinet is a relative newcomer among woodwind instruments. It is generally said to have been invented by the Nuremberg instrument maker Johann Christoph Denner at the start of the eighteenth century. A similar instrument-the chalumeau-was already in existence.

Recorder The recorder ages and was Renaissance Bach, Purcell, concertos for Recorder Bobby’s Little Lamb.” owned 76 However, its introduction of wind favor during Some say it instrument

dates back to Europe in the middle a popular instrument throughout the and Baroque periods. Monteverdi, and other composers wrote beautiful the recorder. Vivaldi composed Concerto in C—a far cry from little squawking rendition of “Mary Had A Legend has it that King Henry VIII recorders, also called English flutes. popularity waned with the the oboe, clarinet, flute, and other instruments. The recorder fell out of the Classical and Romantic periods. was tossed aside when it became “ungentlemanly” to play an with a mouthpiece. Renaissance

author, Baldassare Castilgione wrote that men should only play the recorder in private and, preferably in the presence of a woman.

Piccolo Piccolo uses: A shorter version of the flute is called the piccolo, which means small in Italian. At half the size of a standard flute, piccolos play the highest notes of all the woodwinds; in the orchestra one of the flute players will also play piccolo if that instrument is required. History: The piccolo, and the concert flute, both evolved from the military transverse flute of the Middle Ages. When in the mid 17th century the art of flute-making underwent a process of rapid innovation, the technical improvements made to the flute were passed on one by one to its smaller sister, the piccolo traverso.

French Horn Uses: It is primarily used as the middle voice of drum and bugle corps. Though they are usually played with a V-cup cornet-like mouthpiece, their range overlaps the common playing range of the horn. History: The horn can be 16th-century hunting were used by hunters in Germany. Hunting horns round hoops of tubing could put his arm carry on his shoulder to while riding.

traced back to horns, which France and were large that the hunter through and blow through

TUBA Uses: It is the principal bass instrument in concert bands, brass bands and military bands, and those ensembles generally have two to four tubas. It is also a solo instrument. Tubas are used in marching bands, drum and bugle corps and in many jazz bands (see below). History: The first tuba was made on September 12, 1835 The basstuba, historical precursor to the modern tuba, made its appearance on September 12, 1835. The German military bandmaster Wilhelm Wieprecht and the musical instrument inventor Johann Moritz were the basstuba's creators.

TRUMPET Used: in art music styles, for instance in orchestras, concert bands, and jazz ensembles, as well as in popular music. They are played by blowing air through nearly-closed lips (called the player's embouchure), producing a "buzzing" sound that starts a standing wave vibration in the air column inside the instrument. History: like instruments have

historically been used as signalling devices in battle or hunting, with examples dating back to at least 1500 BCE. They began to be used as musical instruments only in the late 14th or early 15th century.

SOPRANO SAXOPHONE

USES is mainly used as a solo and chamber instrument in classical music, though it is occasionally used in a concert band or orchestra. It is included in the saxophone quartet and plays a lead role.

HISTORY: any of a family of single-reed wind instruments ranging from soprano to

bass and characterized by a conical metal tube and finger keys. The first saxophone was patented by Antoine-Joseph Sax in Paris in 1846. A saxophone has a conical metal (originally brass) tube with about 24 openings controlled by padded keys; the mouthpiece is similar to that of a clarinet. Two octave key vents allow the instrument to overblow to a higher register at the octave. Except for the sopranino and one form of the B♭ soprano saxophone, built straight like a clarinet, saxophones have an upturned lower end and a detachable crook, or neck, at the upper end.

Bassoon Uses is a woodwind instrument that produces sound in a low range, using a double reed, and has a distinctive shape, with a long tube that looks as though it has been folded in two. The musical instruments that could be described as ancestors of the bassoon were developed in the 16th century, and include the shawm, the rankett, and the dulcian (or curtal). History: The modern bassoon has a colorful and complex past. It evolved from a 16th century instrument known by a variety of names - curtal or curtail (English), basson or fagot (French), dulcian or fagott (German), fagotto (Italian), and bajon (Spanish). This ancestor of the bassoon, which was also played with a double reed, was fashioned out of a single piece of wood rather than the four separate sections common to today's bassoon.

Tenor Saxophone History: The tenor member of the instruments invented

saxophone is a medium-sized saxophone family, a group of by Adolphe Sax in the 1840s. The

tenor and the alto are the two most commonly used saxophones. The tenor is pitched in the key of B♭ (while the alto is pitched in the key of E♭), and written as a transposing instrument in the treble clef, sounding an octave and a major second lower than the written pitch.

English Horn French cor anglais, German Englischhorn, orchestral woodwind instrument, a large oboe pitched a fifth below the ordinary oboe, with a bulbous bell and, at the top end, a bent metal crook on which the double reed is placed. It is pitched in F, being written a fifth higher than it sounds. Its compass is from the E below middle C to the second E above. The name first appeared in Vienna about 1760; “cor” refers to the curved or hornlike shape it then had, but the origin of “anglais” (“English”) remains a mystery. The curved form, which survived locally to 1900, was nearly identical to the 18th-century oboe da caccia and is now sometimes used for J.S. Bach’s parts for that instrument. The English horn was also built in an angular form. The modern straight form was first exhibited in 1839 by Henri Brod of Paris. The English horn appears in many Romantic works, notably those of Hector Berlioz, César Franck, and Richard Wagner.

Name: Rossa Marisse N. Alvarez Subject: Art Appreciation Course and Section: BSOA 1A Title: Music Instrument

STRING INSTRUMENT

GUITAR

used in many different genres of music, such as traditional, regional, and folk to modern punk, rock, metal or pop. Guitars are used as rhythm instruments, lead instruments, and sometimes both. Capo. A capo is a device which can be placed on any of the guitar's frets which don't lie on the body itself. History: By the early 19th century, guitars looked very close to the six-stringed instruments of today but were smaller in size. In the mid-1800’s, Antonio de Torres Jurado, a Spanish musician and luthier, began creating the style of guitar that would give rise to all modern guitars. Though in modern times he doesn’t get quite as much credit as he deserves, he is in many ways the grandfather figure in the history of the guitar.

Bass Use: Bass guitar pickups work better with lower frequencies. Not only do you want to hear those lower pitches, but you want to low-end to really resonate and fill out the mix. Guitar pickups simply wouldn’t have the same effect if they were built into a bass.

History: In 1957 Rickenbacker introduced the first bass guitar with a neck-through design, the 4000 bass. This was a unique feature because Fender and Gibson only had glued-on and bolton bass guitars. After Fender released its second bass guitar, the Fender Jazz Bass in 1960, still more and more companies started to make bass guitars.

Mandoline USES: are used such as country commonly classical, music.

HISTORY:

for musical genres bluegrass, folk, and music. Lutes are used to produce more Celtic, and new-age

The Mandolin In History. The mandolin can be described as a small, short-necked lute with eight strings. A lute is a chordophone, an instrument which makes sound by the vibration of strings. As a descendent of the lute, the mandolin reaches back to some of the earliest musical instruments.

Violine USES: are also important in many varieties of folk music, including country music, bluegrass music, and in jazz. Electric violins with solid bodies and piezoelectric pickups are used in some forms of rock music and jazz fusion, with the pickups plugged into instrument amplifiers and speakers to produce sound. History: George Beauchamp, the inventor who patented the first electric guitar in 1931, began to sell electric violins in 1936 as part of his Electro String Instrument Corporation. The first electric violins to hit the market were hollow-bodied, resembling the shape of a standard acoustic violin, t ough, at the time, few violinists adopted the electric.

Cello A member of the cello is a bowed instrument that is rich voice. The cello is from wood and the traditionally handmost amazing thing that it can become

violin family, the stringed orchestral versatile with a generally made back and top are carved. One of the about the cello is every string

instrument in the orchestra. Their sound is easily transformed, cells can be almost unrecognizable in certain parts.

History: The history of the cello is linked with other stringed instruments like the harp and lyre that were extensively used by ancient civilizations to make music. The cello came to the limelight for the first time in northern Italy in 1550. It is a member of the violin family and was initially called bass violin.

Violas History The first violas are believed to have been dated back to the 15th century and evolved from the viola de braccio (Italian for “arm viol”). During the 18th century, the part of the cell was used to be played by the viola. Viola is not a solo instrument yet it is a very important member of a strong family. Uses: string instrument that is bowed, plucked, or played with varying techniques. It is slightly larger than a violin and has a lower and deeper sound. Since the 18th century, it has been the middle or alto voice of the violin family, between the violin and the cello. The strings from low to high

UKELELE HISTORY The ukulele generally nylon strings or four and is a member of instruments. The word means “leaping flea”. descendant of the Machado and is like a much lighter tone. The the Machida into 1870s. It has four 24

employs four gut or courses of strings the lute family of ukulele in Hawaiian The ukulele is a machete or small guitar with a Portuguese brought Hawaii during the inches long strings.

The ukulele is one of the most popular musical instruments in Hawaii. It became more extensively used during the 20th century. USES: the instrument in the crook of your right elbow and hold the neck of the ukulele between the thumb and index finger of your left hand. When you play, you'll strum with your right hand, using the back of your fingernails as you go down the strings and the pads of your fingers as you come back up.

HARP The harp is one of the oldest stringed musical instruments that have a number of individual strings running at an angle to its soundboard. It is played by plucking on the strings with the fingers. In terms of size, larger harps rest on the floor as they are quite heavy whereas, many smaller harps can be played on the lap. History: Harps were widely used in the ancient Mediterranean and Middle East, although rare in Greece and Rome; depictions survive from Egypt and Mesopotamia from about 3000 bce. Many were played in vertical position and plucked with the fingers of both hands, but Mesopotamia also had horizontal harps

Dounle Bass In 1493, there was about "viols as big by Prospero and in was an illustration resembling that of bass.

mention as myself" 1516 there closely a double

This instrument is like a huge cello and is played the same way, by rubbing the bow across the strings. Another way of playing it is by plucking or striking the strings. Double bass can be played while standing up or sitting down and is suitable for kids 11 years and older. It also comes in various sizes from full size, 3/4, 1/2 and smaller. The double bass isn't as popular as other string instruments but is essential in most kinds of ensemble especially jazz bands.

Banjo A banjo is a stringed instrument that is played using different techniques such as the Scruggs-style or the "clawhammer". It also comes in different types and some manufacturers even experimented on other forms by blending the banjo with another instrument. The banjo originated from Africa and in the 19th century was brought into America by slaves. In its' earliest form it had four gut strings.

Name: Rossa Marisse N. Alvarez Subject: Art Appreciation Course and Section: BSOA 1A Title: Music Instrument

Percussion Instruments

CYMBAL Use: A cymbal is a common percussion instrument. Often used in pairs, cymbals consist of thin, normally round plates of various alloys. The

majority of cymbals are of indefinite pitch, although small disc-shaped cymbals based on ancient designs sound a definite note. Cymbals are used in many ensembles ranging from the orchestra,

Cymbals were first introduced into Europe in the Middle Ages by the Saracens, who brought them to Spain and southern Italy. However, at the beginning of the last millennium they disappeared again, probably because the art of hammering had been lost. Despite this, portrayals of cymbals can be found in medieval miniatures up to about the 15th century. It was not until the 17th century that cymbals returned to Europe, in the wake of the Turkish wars. Turkey had long been famed for the excellence of its cymbal manufacture. The music spread by Turkish military bands (Janissary music) was characterized by noisy and rhythmic instruments such as the bass drum, the side drum, cymbals, the triangle, the tambourine and the bell-tree. European military bands began imitating Janissary music at the beginning of the 18th century.

BASS DRUM The bass drum, or kick drum, is a large drum that produces a note of low definite or indefinite pitch. The instrument is typically cylindrical, with the drum's diameter much greater than the drum's depth, with a struck head at both ends of the cylinder. History:

Bass model has been widely used in forecasting, especially new products' sales forecasting and technology forecasting. Mathematically, the basic Bass diffusion is a Riccati equation with constant coefficients. In 1969, Frank Bass published his paper on a new product growth model for consumer durables.

MARACAS History: Percussion instruments, especially drums, existed as long ago as the Stone Age. Maracas may have originated among several ancient civilizations at almost the same time. African tribes are known to have played drums and a wide variety of rattles and similar instruments from the traditions that have been carried down through the ages. South Pacific Islanders also developed a wide range of rattles by using plants that produced gourd-like seed pods; rattles without handles were even made from coconuts that had been dried out. In South America, maracas linked music and magic because witch doctors used maracas as symbols of supernatural beings; the gourds represented the heads of the spirits, and the witch doctor shook the gourds to summon them.

Uses: Maracas are a musical instrument native to Latin America, used to provide rhythm especially for music with a Latin beat. They are usually played in pairs, often with one higher and one lower in pitch. Maracas are used extensively in the music of Mexico, Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Brazil, Venezuela and Colombia.

XYLOPHONE- usually played so that the music sounds an octave higher than written. Because the sound is always very short the xylophone is often used for short solo tunes which are fast and dry. The marimba is a kind of xylophone which has a softer sound and more bars, especially low notes. It is not often used in older orchestra music. History: The origins of the xylophone lie in the far distant past and are difficult to trace. Most historians believe that the first xylophones appeared in eastern Asia, whence they are thought to have spread to Africa. The first evidence of the instruments is found in 9th century south-east Asia. In around 2000 BC a kind of woodharmonicon with 16 suspended wood bars is said to have existed in China. At the same time a xylophone-like instrument called the ranat is reputed to have existed in Hindu regions. Proof that xylophones were widespread in south-east Asia is provided by numerous temple reliefs depicting people playing such instruments.

Snare Drum Uses: Snare drums play a major role in a wide variety of applications. From leading marches and armies into battle to providing the perfect beat for ancient dances and military music. Snare drums have seen their fair share of use. They help set the pulse or the tempo for the rest of the instruments. History Medieval Europe was home to an enormous variety of drums, most of which had originated in the Orient. The most widespread forms were the frame drum and the timbrel, a forerunner of

the present-day tambourine. The frame drum consisted of a rectangular or circular wood frame with a head; the underside was open. The main difference between the frame drum and the timbrel was the presence of the jingles that were attached to the latter’s shell. While the timbrel was still struck with the flat of the hand in the Middle Ages, like its predecessor in antiquity, an additional, one-handed technique was emerging for the frame drum: traveling minstrels used it mostly to accompany the single-handed pipe and hung it to one side on a strap over the shoulder, where the musician struck it with a beater while playing the pipe with the other hand.

Tambourines are often used with regular percussion sets. They can be mounted, for example on a stand as part of a drum kit (and played with drum sticks), or they can be held in the hand and played by tapping or hitting the instrument. Tambourines come in many shapes with the most common being circular. History Tambourines originated in the Near East. They came into being when bells and other rattles of various kinds were attached to the shell of a frame drum. Initially though, frame drums without bells were also commonly referred to as tambourines. The instrument was already known to the ancient Egyptians and Assyrians: in Egypt it was used in religious ceremonies by female temple dancers. Women were the principal players of tambourines in other early civilizations, too. Apart from being used to accompany dances, tambourines were also played in processions, at festivities and at funerals. Although the size of the instrument and the shape of the jingles have undergone numerous changes over the centuries the structure has always remained the same; the tambourines used by the Greeks and Romans looked very much the same as the modern instrument.

GONG Use Gongs are used to stimulate the glandular and nervous system and to increase prana, the life force energy. Listening to gongs improves the glandular system and especially the pituitary gland (which is responsible for producing hormones). History:

Gongs were made and used before the second millennium B.C. They are the oldest and most genuine musical instruments of...